Nguva pfupi yadarika, sechinhu chekuzvivaraidza, ndanga ndichitora mafirimu ehurukuro dzepfungwa dzandinoziva. Ini ndinogadzirisa mavhidhiyo uye ndinoaburitsa pawebhusaiti yangu. Mwedzi wapfuura, ndakawana zano rekuronga 24/7 kutepfenyura kwehurukuro idzi paYouTube. Imhando ye "TV chiteshi" yakatsaurirwa kukura kwemunhu.
Ndinoziva kuita kutepfenyura nguva dzose. Asi kuti ungazviita sei kuti ive nhepfenyuro yemavhidhiyo mafaera? Saka kuti inomhanya 24/7, inochinjika, inozvimiririra sezvinobvira, uye panguva imwe chete haitsamiri munzira ipi neipi pakombuta yangu yekumba. Izvi ndizvo zvandaifanira kuziva.
Zvakatora mazuva akati kuti kuwana mhinduro. Ndakadzidza maforamu akawanda uye mabhuku akasiyana-siyana pasina izvo kutepfenyura kwangu kwaisazoshanda. Uye ikozvino kuti prank iri kubudirira, ndinonzwa kuda kugovera mhinduro yangu. Aya ndiwo mabudiro akaita chinyorwa ichi.
Muchidimbu, mhinduro yekupedzisira yaive inotevera: VPS + ffmeg + bash script. Pasi pekuchekwa, ndinotsanangura matanho akatorwa uye ndotaura pamusoro pemakomba akawanikwa pakuronga kutepfenyura.
Nhanho yekutanga - nhepfenyuro ichabva kupi?
Pakutanga, zvakanga zvakakodzera kusarudza kuti kutepfenyura kwaizobva kupi uye kwaizobva kupi. Chinhu chekutanga chakauya mumusoro chaive kubva pakombuta yako yekumba. Unganidza mavhidhiyo mune yekutamba uye tanga kuaridza mune chero vhidhiyo inoridza. Wobva watora iyo skrini uye woiparadzira kuYouTube. Asi ndakapotsa ndaramba iyi sarudzo nekuti... Kuti uishandise, unofanirwa kuchengetedza komputa yako yepamba nguva dzose, zvinoreva ruzha kubva kune inotonhorera kunyange husiku uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemagetsi (+100-150 kWh mwedzi wega wega). Uye zvinoitika kuti haugone kushandisa komputa yako yekumba panguva yekutepfenyura. chero kufamba kwembeva kuchaonekwa munhepfenyuro.
Ndakabva ndatanga kutarisa kuside cloud services. Ini ndanga ndichitsvaga sevhisi-yakagadzirwa pandaigona kurodha mavhidhiyo angu kana, semuenzaniso, kuisa zvinongedzo kumavhidhiyo kubva kuYouTube uye zvese zvaizoiswa munhepfenyuro imwe isingamire. Asi handina kuwana chinhu chakakodzera. Pamwe handina kutsvaga zvakanaka. Chinhu chega chinokodzera kushanda ndeye restream.io, sevhisi inobatsira kutepfenyura panguva imwe chete kumapuratifomu akati wandei. Vanoita sevanokubvumidza kuti uise ako emavhidhiyo. Asi sevhisi iyi yakagadzirwa nezvinangwa zvakasiyana zvachose uye vanotarisira kuti kutepfenyura kunotora maawa mashoma. Ndinofunga kuti kana kuburikidza nesevhisi iyi zvingave zvichikwanisika kuronga kutepfenyura-kwe-wachi, zvino inopfura mumakumi, kana kunyange mazana emadhora pamwedzi. Asi ndanga ndichiri kuda kuronga kutepfenyura mahara kana nemari shoma shoma.
Zvakava pachena kuti panhepfenyuro zvaidiwa kana zvakasiyana mudziyo kana kunyange kombiyuta yakasiyana. Ini ndanga ndichifunga kune chimwe chinhu chakaita seRaspberri Pi. Uye chii? Haana chinotonhorera. Ndakarekodha vhidhiyo iyi paflash drive, ndakadzvanya tambo yeEthernet ndokuirega ichirara pane imwe nzvimbo munzvimbo yakavanda ndokuiparadzira. Option. Asi ini ndakanga ndisina bhodhi pacharo kana ruzivo rwekushanda naro, saka ndakarambawo sarudzo iyi.
Somuuyo, ndakawana imwe kurukurirano apo ivo vakakurukura chisiko yako server nhepfenyuro. Handizvo chaizvo zvandaitsvaga, asi ndine pfungwa huru - unogona kushandisa sevha! Muhurukuro iyoyo, zvakakurudzirwa kushandisa musanganiswa weVPS + nginx + OBS. Zvakava pachena kuti kusangana uku kwaigona kundikodzerawo. Chinhu chimwe chete chakandivhiringa ndechekuti ndakanga ndisati ndambotungamira sevha uye zvaiita kwandiri kuti kuve neyangu yakazvitsaurira server kwaivhiringidza uye kunodhura. Ndakafunga kutsvaga kuti zvingaite marii kuhaya sevha ine zvishoma zvigadziriso uye ndakashamisika.
Mitengo inoratidzwa muBelarusian rubles uye izvi zvinongova zvimedu. Kuti unzwisise, 8 Belarusian rubles inenge 3.5 madhora kana 240 Russian rubles. Kwemwedzi wekushandisa komputa yakazara yakavhurwa 24/7 uye inokurumidza kuwana Internet. Nechimwe chikonzero, kuwanikwa uku kwakava mufaro mukuru kwandiri uye kwemazuva akati wandei ndakafamba ndichifara zvakanyanya, semwana akawana matombo emuchadenga :)
Nenzira, ndakatora mukana wekupihwa kwekutanga saiti yandakapihwa neGoogle kumubvunzo "VPS yekurojesa". Zvichida kune mamwe magadzirirwo ebhajeti, asi mutengo uyu wakandikodzera uye handina kutarisa mberi.
Paunenge uchigadzira sevha, unogona kusarudza iyo inoshanda sisitimu iyo ichamhanya. Iwe unogona kuronga kutepfenyura pane chero akanyorwa masisitimu uye kuita sarudzo zvichienderana nezvaunofarira uye kugona kwemari (yesevha ine Windows vanokumbira imwe mari). Ndakasarudza CentOS. Kungoti nekuti ndakanga ndisina ruzivo nazvo kare.
Danho 2 - server setup
Chinhu chekutanga chaunoda mushure mekugadzira sevha ndeyekubatanidza nayo kuburikidza neSSH. Pakutanga ndakashandisa PuTTy, asi ndakazotanga kushandisa Secure Shell App, inomhanya muGoogle Chrome. Zvakazondinakira.
Ipapo ndakashandura zita remuenzi, kumisa nguva yekuwiriranisa pane sevha, yakagadziridza sisitimu, tinkered ne iptables ... uye yakaita boka rezvimwe zvinhu, asi kwete nekuti zvaive zvakakosha. Ini ndaingofarira kumisa server uye yakandishandira. Ndinoifarira kana ichishanda :)
Heano matanho aunofanira kutora:
- Batanidza iyo EPEL repository.
- Gadzira sevha yeFTP (ndakasarudza vsftp).
- Isa ffmpeg.
Ini handisi kuzopa iwo mirairo zvakadzama; iyi mirairo ndeye pfungwa, kuratidza hurongwa hwekuita. Kana iwe uine chero matambudziko nechero nhanho, anogona kukurumidza kugadziriswa nekushandisa yekutsvaga injini yemubvunzo senge "CentOS batanidza EPEL" kana "CentOS isa FTP server". Uye pazvisungo zvekutanga iwe unogona kuwana yakadzama-nhanho-nhanho mirairo.
Saka, sezvandanyora pakutanga, ndaida musanganiswa weVPS + nginx + OBS. VPS - yakagadzirira. Asi mibvunzo yakatanga kumuka pane dzimwe pfungwa. OBS chirongwa chekutepfenyura, Vhura Broadcaster Software. Uye inoshanda chete nehova i.e. semuenzaniso, inotora mufananidzo kubva pawebhu cam uye ichiparadzira. Kana kurekodha skrini. Kana kutepfenyura kwatove kuenderera kunoendeswa kune imwe saiti. Asi ini handina rukova, ini ndine chete seti yemavhidhiyo mafaera anoda kuitwa murukova.
Ndakatanga kuchera ndakananga uku ndokusangana neffmpeg. FFmpeg seti yemahara uye yakavhurika sosi maraibhurari iyo inobvumidza iwe kurekodha, kushandura, uye kuyerera edhijitari odhiyo uye vhidhiyo mune akasiyana mafomati.
Uye ndakashamiswa zvikuru kuti yakawanda sei ffmpeg inogona kuita. Kana uchida, inobvisa ruzha kubva muvhidhiyo. Kana iwe uchida, inocheka chidimbu chevhidhiyo pasina kukodha. Kana iwe uchida, inoshandura kubva kune imwe fomati kuenda kune imwe. Uye zvakawanda, zvakawanda. Kusvika padanho rekuti iwe unogona kutsanangura faira kwairi, inoishandura kuita rukova uye woiendesa kuYouTube pachayo. Ndizvozvo, cheni yakaungana. Chasara kupedzisa nuances.
Danho 3 - nhepfenyuro setup
Isu tinogadzira nhepfenyuro paYouTube. Panguva ino isu tinongoda chinongedzo uye kiyi yekutepfenyura. Mune iyo skrini pazasi ivo vakajekeswa mutsvuku.
mberi rodha vhidhiyo mafaera kune server, yatinoronga kutepfenyura. Chaizvoizvo, FTP inongodiwa padanho iri. Kana iwe uine imwe nzira iri nyore yekuisa mafaera kune sevha, saka haufanirwe kumisa sevha yeFTP.
Isu tinotumira rukova kuYouTube. Kuti utange kutepfenyura, unofanirwa kumhanya ffmpeg nemaitiro akati wandei. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita murairo mupfupi wandakawana:
ffmpeg -re -i lecture1.mp4 -f flv rtmp://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2/%КЛЮЧ_ТРАНСЛЯЦИИ%
Attribute decoding-re - inoratidza kuti faira inofanirwa kushandurwa kuita rukova.
-i - inoratidza kuti ndeipi faira inofanira kuridzwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti murairo uvhurwe kubva kune imwechete dhairekitori uko iyo vhidhiyo faira pachayo iripo. Zvikasadaro, iwe unofanirwa kudoma mhedziso yekubatanidza kune faira, senge /usr/media/lecture1.mp4.
-f - inoseta iyo yakabuda faira fomati. Mune yangu, zvinoitika kuti ffmpeg inoshandura faira rangu kubva mp4 kuenda kuflv panhunzi.
Uye pakupedzisira tinoratidza iyo data yatakatora kubva kuYouTube pane yekutepfenyura marongero peji, i.e. iyo kero yaunoda kuendesa data kwairi, uye kiyi yekutepfenyura, kuitira kuti nhepfenyuro ionekwe zvakananga pachiteshi chako.
Kana iwe wakaita zvese nemazvo, zvino mushure mekuita murairo uyu, YouTube ichaona rwizi rwunofambiswa. Kuti utange nhepfenyuro, unongoda kudzvanya bhatani rekuti "Tanga Broadcast" muYouTube pachayo.
Nhanho 4 - wedzera kuzvitonga
Makorokoto! Iye zvino iwe unoziva nzira yekutanga kutepfenyura kubva kuvhidhiyo faira. Asi izvi hazvina kukwana kutepfenyura XNUMX/XNUMX. Zvinokosha kuti kana vhidhiyo yekutanga yapedza kutamba, inotevera itange pakarepo, uye kana mavhidhiyo ese aratidzwa, kuridza kunotanga zvakare.
Ndakauya nesarudzo inotevera: gadzira .sh faira umo ndakanyora murairo kune yega yega vhidhiyo faira uye kumagumo chaiko kwakaratidza murairo wekumhanyisa script zvakare. Mhedzisiro ndeyekudzokororwa seizvi:
Команда 1... (запуск трансляции файла lecture1.mp4)
Команда 2... (запуск трансляции файла lecture2.mp4)
Команда 3... (запуск трансляции файла lecture3.mp4)
bash start.shUye, hongu, zvakashanda. Ndagutsikana, ndakatanga nhepfenyuro yebvunzo ndokuenda kunorara.
Mangwanani chishamiso chisingafadzi chakandimirira. Zvakazoitika kuti kutepfenyura kwakatora maminetsi mashoma uye kwakapera pakarepo pandakadzima komputa yangu. Ongororo yacho yakaratidza kuti mirairo yakatangwa neiyi nzira inoitwa nepo mushandisi achipinda muserver. Ndichingodimbura nhare, mirairo yandanga ndichimhanyisa yakamiswa. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, zvakakwana pamberi peboka bash wedzera murairo nohup. Izvi zvinobvumidza iyo yekumhanyisa maitiro kuti imhanye zvisinei nekuvapo kwako.
Iyo yekupedzisira diki vhezheni yescript inoita seizvi:
ffmpeg -re -i lecture1.mp4 -f flv rtmp://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2/%КЛЮЧ_ТРАНСЛЯЦИИ%
ffmpeg -re -i lecture2.mp4 -f flv rtmp://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2/%КЛЮЧ_ТРАНСЛЯЦИИ%
ffmpeg -re -i lecture3.mp4 -f flv rtmp://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2/%КЛЮЧ_ТРАНСЛЯЦИИ%
nohup bash start.sh $Panotangira.sh ifaira rakanyorerwa script. Uye iyi faira inofanirwa kunge iri mudhairekitori rimwe chete nemavhidhiyo mafaera.
Kuwedzera chiratidzo chedhora kumagumo kunobvumira maitiro kuti amhanye kumashure kuti urambe uchishandisa koni pasina kukanganisa kutepfenyura.
Iwo mabhonasi aisanganisira zvinotevera zvinonaka:
- Iwe unogona kushandura faira kutamba. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa "kuuraya" iyo iripo ffmpeg maitiro. Mushure meizvi, kutamba kweinotevera faira kubva pane iyo rondedzero kunotanga otomatiki.
- Mavhidhiyo matsva anogona kuwedzerwa kunhepfenyuro pasina kumisa kutepfenyura. Ingoisa vhidhiyo kune sevha, wedzera murairo wekumhanyisa iyi faira mune script, uye chengeta. Ndizvo zvose. Pamutambo unotevera wekutamba, faira idzva richatepfenyurwa pamwe chete nemafaira ekare.
Nhanho 5 - gadzirisa ffmpeg
Chaizvoizvo, tingadai takamira ipapo. Asi ndaida kuita kuti kutepfenyura kuwedzere kuva neushamwari kune vanoiona.
Ngatitii munhu akaenda kunhepfenyuro, akatanga kuona, akaifarira uye aida kuona iyi lecture kubva pakutanga, asi kutepfenyura haabvumiri kudzosera kumashure. Kuti utarise hurukuro kubva pakutanga, munhu anozofanira kuenda kune yangu webhusaiti uye kutora rekodhi yehurukuro yekufarira. Ungaziva sei kuti ndeipi hurukuro yaanofarira? Patova nehurukuro gumi nenhanhatu panzvimbo iyi uye kune dzimwe chete dzadzo vhiki rega rega. Ini ndinofunga kuti kunyangwe ini, uyo akadhirowa uye akagadzirisa zvese izvi zvidzidzo, handizokwanisa kuona kubva pane zvisina tsarukano chidimbu kuti ndeipi hurukuro. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti imwe neimwe hurukuro iitwe neimwe nzira.
Sarudzo yekuwedzera macaptions kune sosi yevhidhiyo mafaera muchirongwa chekugadzirisa haina kundikodzera. Zvaive zvakakodzera kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafaira ekutanga aishandiswa. Saka kuti kutsigira kutepfenyura kunoda kufamba kwemuviri kudiki sezvinobvira kubva kwandiri.
Zvakazoitika kuti ffmpeg inogona kundibatsira neizvi futi. Hune hunhu hwakakosha -vf, iyo inobvumira kuti zvinyorwa zviiswe pamusoro pevhidhiyo. Kuti uwedzere mameseji kuvhidhiyo, unofanirwa kuwedzera chimedu chinotevera kumurairo:
-vf drawtext="fontfile=OpenSans.ttf:text='Лекция 13: Психология эмоций. Как создавать радость?':fontsize=26:fontcolor=white:borderw=1:bordercolor=black:x=40:y=670"
Tsanangudzo yeparametersfontfile= - chinongedzo kune iyo font faira. Pasina izvi, chinyorwa hachizowedzerwe kuvhidhiyo. Nzira iri nyore ndeyekuisa iyo font faira mune imwechete folda nevhidhiyo. Kana kuti iwe uchada kutsanangura nzira yakazara yefaira.
text= - chaizvoizvo, zvinyorwa pachazvo zvinoda kuiswa pamusoro pevhidhiyo.
fontsize= - saizi yefonti mumapikiseli.
fontcolor= - ruvara rwemavara.
borderw= - kukora kwechiratidziro chakatenderedza chinyorwa mumapikiseli (ndine mavara machena ane dema dema 1 pixel gobvu).
bordercolor= - rondedzero ruvara.
x= и y= - zvinyorwa zvinoronga. Dot 0;0 iri mukona yekumusoro kuruboshwe. Makonisheni angu anosarudzwa nenzira yekuti zvinyorwa zvinoiswa mukona yezasi yekuruboshwe ine vhidhiyo resolution ye1280x720 pixels.
Zvinoita seizvi:
Nhanho yechitanhatu - sarudza kunaka kwenhepfenyuro
Ndizvozvo, nhepfenyuro yagadzirira. FFmpeg nhepfenyuro, mafaera anoridzwa, kuvapo kwangu hakudiwi kutepfenyura. Kunyange hurukuro yose inosainwa. Tarisai ndizvozvo.
Asi imwezve nuance yakaitika - ndakasarudza iyo shoma server kumisikidzwa uye haina kukwevera kumusoro kutepfenyura. Server configuration: 1 core (se2.2 GHz), 1 gigabyte ye RAM, 25 GB SSD. Paive ne RAM yakakwana, asi processor yakange yazara yakazara pa100% (uye dzimwe nguva kunyange 102-103% :) Izvi zvakaita kuti kutepfenyura kutonhora kwese kwese.
Iwe unogona kungotora inodhura gadziriso ine maviri macores, nerombo rakanaka, ine makore matekinoroji, kushandura sevha yekumisikidza kunoitika nekudzvanya akati wandei mabhatani. Asi ini ndaida kukwana muhushoma hwekugadzirisa huwandu. Ndakatanga kudzidza ffmpeg zvinyorwa uye hongu, kune zvakare zvigadziriso ipapo zvinokutendera iwe kudzora mutoro pane system.
Yemhando yepamusoro yemufananidzo inogona kuwanikwa nenzira mbiri: ingave yakakwira CPU mutoro kana yakakwira inobuda traffic. Zvinoitika kuti iyo yakawanda mutoro iyo processor inogona kutora, iyo shoma chiteshi bandwidth inozodiwa. Kana kuti haugone kurodha processor yakawandisa, asi ipapo iwe unozoda chiteshi chakakura chine hombe traffic headroom. Kana paine zvirambidzo pane ese ari maviri processor uye saizi yeinobuda chiteshi / traffic, saka iwe uchafanirwa kudzikisa kunaka kwemufananidzo kuitira kuti nhepfenyuro iende zvakanaka.
Sevha yangu inokwanisa kuwana 10 Mbit/s yakafara chiteshi. Uku kupamhama kwakarurama. Asi pane muganho wetraffic - 1 TB pamwedzi. Naizvozvo, kuti usangane nezvirambidzo zvemigwagwa, kuyerera kwangu kunobuda hakufanire kudarika ~ 300 KB pasekondi i.e. Iyo bitrate yerukova rwunobuda haifanire kudarika 2,5 Mbit/s. YouTube, nenzira, inokurudzira kutepfenyura panguva iyi bitrate.
Kugadzirisa mutoro pane system, ffmpeg inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana. Zvakanyorwa zvakanaka pamusoro peizvi . Ndakapedza kushandisa hunhu huviri: -crf и -preset.
Constant Rate Factor (CRF) - iyi ndiyo coefficient yekutenda kwaunogona kugadzirisa kunaka kwemufananidzo. CRF inogona kuve nemakoshero kubva pa0 kusvika pa51, uko 0 ndiyo mhando yeiyo sosi faira, 51 ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka mhando. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa kukosha kubva pa17 kusvika ku28, iyo yakasarudzika ndeye 23. Iine coefficient ye17, vhidhiyo ichave yakangofanana neyekutanga, asi nehunyanzvi haizove yakafanana. Zvinyorwa zvakare zvinoti saizi yevhidhiyo yekupedzisira, zvichienderana neyakatsanangurwa CRF, inoshanduka zvakanyanya, kureva. kuwedzera iyo coefficient ne6 mapoinzi kuchapeta kaviri bitrate yevhidhiyo inobuda.
Kana uchishandisa CRF unogona kusarudza "huremu" hwemufananidzo unobuda, wobva washandisa presets (-preset) unogona kuona kuti processor icharemerwa zvakadii. Hunhu uhu hune zvinotevera parameters:
ultrafastsuperfastveryfastfasterfastmedium- default kukoshaslowslowerveryslow
Iyo "nekukurumidza" iyo parameter inotsanangurwa, iyo yakakwirira mutoro pane processor ichave.
Ini ndakatanga ndasarudza preset yaive yakanyanya kuomera processor yangu, uyezve yakanyatso sarudza mutoro ndichishandisa CRF. Mune yangu, preset yakashanda fast, uye kune crf ndakagara pane kukosha 24.
mhedziso
Ndizvo zvose. Murairo wekupedzisira wekutanga kutepfenyura waive uyu:
ffmpeg -re -i lecture1.mp4 -vf drawtext="fontfile=OpenSans.ttf:text='Лекция 1: Жонглирование картинами мира':fontsize=26:fontcolor=white:borderw=1:bordercolor=black:x=40:y=670" -c:v libx264 -preset fast -crf 24 -g 3 -f flv rtmp://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2/%КЛЮЧ_ТРАНСЛЯЦИИ%Pane mapoinzi maviri chete asina kutsanangurwa asara pano:
1) -c:v libx264 - kutsanangura chaiyo codec yekushanda neiyo source file.
2) -g 3 - chiratidzo chakajeka chehuwandu hwemafuremu akakosha. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinotsanangurwa kuti furemu yega yega yechitatu inofanirwa kunge iri kiyi furemu. Iyo yakajairwa kukosha ndeye 5 kana 8, asi YouTube inopika uye inokumbira angangoita matatu.
Unogona kuona kuti nhepfenyuro yakave yemhando ipi .
Kutakura pane server kwaive seizvi:
Zvichienderana nedata rekutarisa, zviri pachena kuti processor mutoro unotangira pa70% kusvika 95% uye mukati mevhiki kutepfenyura hakuna kumbosvika zana%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nezvigadziriso izvi processor yakakwana.
Nekurodha dhisiki, ndinogona kutaura kuti inenge isina kutakurwa uye yenguva dzose HDD inofanira kukwana pakutepfenyura.
Asi kuwanda kwe traffic inobuda kunondinetsa. Zvinoitika kuti rwizi rwangu rwunobuda rwunobva pa450 kusvika pa650 KB pasekondi. Mumwedzi iyi inenge inenge 1,8 terabytes. Iwe unogona kutenga yekuwedzera traffic kana chinja kune iyo gadziriso ine maviri cores nekuti... Handidi kudzikisa kunaka kwemufananidzo.
***
Nekuda kweizvozvo, ini ndichataura kuti kumisikidza nhepfenyuro yakadaro kubva pakutanga kunotora anenge 1-2 maawa. Uyezve, kurodha vhidhiyo kune server zvinotora yakawanda yenguva.
Kutangwa kwekutepfenyura kwakadaro hakuna kuzviruramisa semudziyo wekutengesa. Zvichida, kana tikawedzera maonero kuitira kuti YouTube algorithms itore nhepfenyuro iyi uye yotanga kuiratidza nekushingaira mukurudziro, ipapo chimwe chinhu chingashanda. Muchiitiko changu, mumazuva 16 ekutepfenyura nguva dzose yakatariswa ka58.
Ndizvozvo. Nhepfenyuro inoenderana zvinoenderana nepeji huru yewebhusaiti yangu. Izvi zvakandipa mukana wekukurumidza kuumba maonero angu pamusoro pemudzidzisi uye zvidzidzo pachazvo.
Uye imwe nguva. Izvo zvakakosha kuti nhepfenyuro haityore kodzero yemunhu chero upi zvake, zvikasadaro ichavharwa. Ini ndakadzikama nezvenhepfenyuro yangu nekuti... Ini ndakanyatsosarudza mimhanzi inoiswa nekushandisa mahara, uye munyori wezvirimo anogara pakombuta iri padyo uye haatombopikisa ini ndichishandisa zvirimo :)
Asi kana iwe uine redhiyo inoridza kumashure kumwe munhepfenyuro yako, kana iwe wakashandisa yako yaunofarira track panguva yekugadzirisa, kana kutora vhidhiyo inoteedzana kubva kune yakakurumbira mimhanzi vhidhiyo, TV nhepfenyuro kana firimu, saka nhepfenyuro yako iri panjodzi. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti nhepfenyuro inotakura kanenge kadiki semantic mutoro, zvikasadaro inogona kuvharika se spam.
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Ndizvo chete zvandinazvo. Ndinovimba bhuku rino richabatsira mumwe munhu zvakanaka. Zvakanaka, kana iwe uine chimwe chinhu chekuwedzera, nyora, ini ndichafara kuverenga zvinyorwa uye kujekeswa kune chinyorwa.
Source: www.habr.com