Munyori: Sir Tim Berners-Lee, muvambi weURIs, URLs, HTTP, HTML uye World Wide Web, uye iye zvino mukuru weW3C. Chinyorwa chakanyorwa muna 1998

Chii URI inonzi "inotonhorera"?
Imwe isingachinji.
URIs inoshandurwa sei?
URIs haichinji: vanhu vanovashandura.

Mukutaura, hapana chikonzero chekuti vanhu vachinje URIs (kana kumisa magwaro anotsigira), asi mukuita kune mamiriyoni avo.

Mune dzidziso, muridzi wezita rezita rezita rezita ane dura rezita uye saka ese maURI arimo. Kunze kwekutadza kubhadhara mari, hapana chinotadzisa muridzi wezita rezita kuti asachengete zita. Uye mune dzidziso, iyo URI nzvimbo pasi pezita rako rezita iri pasi pekutonga kwako, saka iwe unogona kuita kuti ive yakagadzikana sezvaunoda. Zvakanyanya chikonzero chakanaka chekuti gwaro rinyangare kubva painternet ndechekuti kambani yaive nezita rezita yabuda mubhizinesi kana kuti haichakwanise kuchengetedza sevha ichimhanya. Saka nei kune zvakawanda zvakadaro zvisipo zvinongedzo munyika? Zvimwe zveizvi kungotadza kufanofunga. Hezvino zvimwe zvikonzero zvaunganzwa:

Isu takangorongedza saiti kuti ive nani.

Iwe unonyatso funga here kuti maURI ekare haachagone kushanda? Kana zvakadaro, saka wakavasarudza zvisina kunaka. Funga kuchengetedza zvitsva zvekugadzirisa kunotevera.

Tine zvinhu zvakawandisa zvekuti hatikwanise kuronda izvo zvakasakara, zvakavanzika, uye zvichiri kukosha, saka takaona zvakanaka kuti tingodzima zvese.

Ndinogona kungonzwira tsitsi. W3C yakapinda munguva yataifanira kunyatsosefa muzvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza zvakavanzika tisati tazvizivisa pachena. Sarudzo inofanirwa kufungwa pamberi - ita shuwa kuti negwaro rega rega unorekodha kuverenga kunogamuchirwa, zuva rekugadzira uye, zvakanaka, zuva rekupera. Sevha iyi metadata.

Zvakanaka, takaona kuti tinoda kufambisa mafaera ...

Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinonzwisa tsitsi. Vanhu vazhinji havazive kuti maseva ewebhu anobvumidza iwe kudzora hukama pakati pechinhu cheURI nenzvimbo yacho chaiyo mufaira system. Funga nezvenzvimbo yeURI senzvimbo isinganzwisisike, yakanyatsorongeka. Wobva wagadzira mepu kune chero chokwadi chaunoshandisa kuzviona. Wobva waudza izvi kune web server. Iwe unogona kutonyora yako wega server snippet kuti uigadzirise.

John haachachengete faira iri, Jane manje anoita.

Zita raJohn raive muURI here? Aiwa, faira racho raingova mudhairekitori rake here? Zvakanaka, zvakanaka.

Pakutanga takashandisa CGI script yeizvi, asi ikozvino isu tinoshandisa binary chirongwa.

Pane pfungwa inopenga yekuti mapeji akagadzirwa nezvinyorwa anofanirwa kuwanikwa munzvimbo ye "cgibin" kana "cgi". Izvi zvinoburitsa mechanics ekuti unomhanyisa sei web server yako. Iwe unoshandura michina (kunyangwe uchichengetedza zvirimo), uye oops - yako URIs yese inoshanduka.

Tora iyo National Science Foundation (NSF) semuenzaniso:

NSF Online Documents

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/pubsys/browser/odbrowse.pl

Peji yekutanga yekutanga kuona magwaro haizoramba yakangofanana mumakore mashoma. cgi-bin, oldbrowse и pl - zvese izvi zvinopa zvimedu zveruzivo nezve maitirwo-isu-tinoita-ikozvino. Kana ukashandisa peji kutsvaga gwaro, mhedzisiro yaunowana yakashata zvakaenzana:

Chirevo cheBato Rinoshanda paCryptology uye Coding Theory

http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/getpub?nsf9814

kune iyo gwaro index peji, kunyangwe iyo html gwaro pachayo inotaridzika zvirinani:

http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1998/nsf9814/nsf9814.htm

Pano iyo pubs/1998 musoro unozopa chero ramangwana rekuchengetedza sevhisi nzwisiso yakanaka yekuti yekare 1998 gwaro rekuisa chirongwa chiri kushanda. Kunyangwe nhamba dzegwaro dzingataridzika zvakasiyana muna 2098, ndingafungidzira kuti URI iyi ichiri kushanda uye yaisazokanganisa NSF kana chero rimwe sangano raizochengetedza dura.

Ini handina kufunga kuti maURL aifanira kushingirira - pakanga paine ma URN.

Iyi ingangove imwe yeakaipisisa mhedzisiro yekupokana kweURN. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti nekuda kwekutsvagisa kune imwe nzvimbo isingaperi yemazita, vanogona kunge vasina hanya nezve dangling links nekuti "URNs ichagadzirisa zvese izvo." Kana uri mumwe wevanhu ava, rega ndikuodza mwoyo.

Zvirongwa zvakawanda zveURN zvandaona zvinoita senge chiziviso chechiremera chinoteverwa nerimwe zuva uye tambo yaunosarudza, kana tambo yaunosarudza. Izvi zvakafanana neHTTP URI. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana iwe uchifunga kuti sangano rako richakwanisa kugadzira maURN anogara kwenguva refu, wobva waratidza iko zvino nekuvashandisa kune yako HTTP URIs. Hapana chinhu muHTTP pachacho chinoita kuti URI yako isagadzikane. Sangano rako chete. Gadzira dhatabhesi rinomepu iro gwaro URN kune razvino faira zita, uye rega sevha yewebhu ishandise kuti itore mafaera.

Kana iwe wasvika panguva ino, kana iwe usina nguva, mari nekubatanidza kugadzira imwe software, saka unogona kutaura chikonzero chinotevera:

Taida, asi hatina zvokushandisa zvakakodzera.

Asi iwe unogona kuzvinzwira tsitsi. Ndinobvuma chose. Chaunofanirwa kuita kumanikidza webhu server kuti ichene nekukasira iyo URI inoramba iripo uye kudzosera iyo faira chero kwairi kuchengetwa pari zvino kupenga faira system. Iwe unoda kuchengeta maURI ese mufaira secheki uye chengetedza dhatabhesi iri kusvika parizvino nguva dzese. Iwe unoda kuchengetedza hukama pakati peshanduro dzakasiyana neshanduro dzegwaro rimwe chete, uye zvakare chengetedza yakazvimirira cheki rekodhi kuti uone kuti faira harina kushatiswa nekukanganisa netsaona. Uye maseva ewebhu haangobuda mubhokisi aine aya maficha. Paunenge uchida kugadzira gwaro idzva, mupepeti wako anokukumbira kuti utaure URI.

Iwe unofanirwa kukwanisa kushandura muridzi, kuwana zvinyorwa, kuchengetedzwa kwemazinga ekuchengetedza, nezvimwe munzvimbo yeURI pasina kuchinja URI.

Zvose zvakaipa. Asi tichagadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu. PaW3C, isu tinoshandisa Jigedit (Jigsaw editing server) inoteedzera shanduro, uye tinoedza nekugadzira zvinyorwa. Kana iwe ukagadzira maturusi, maseva, uye vatengi, teerera kune dambudziko iri!

Chikonzero ichi chinoshandawo kune akawanda mapeji eW3C, kusanganisira iyi: saka ita sezvandinotaura, kwete sezvandinoita.

Nei ndichifanira kuita hanya?

Paunoshandura URI pane server yako, haungambo nyatso taurira kuti ndiani achave nehukama kune yekare URI. Izvi zvinogona kuve zvinongedzo kubva kumapeji ewebhu akajairika. Bookmark peji rako. Iyo URI inogona kunge yakakwenenzverwa mumicheto yetsamba kushamwari.

Kana mumwe munhu akatevera chinongedzo uye chatyoka, kazhinji vanorasikirwa nekuvimba nemuridzi weseva. Anovhiringidzikawo, zvose mupfungwa nomumuviri, nokusakwanisa kuzadzisa chinangwa chake.

Vanhu vazhinji vanogunun'una pamusoro pezvakaputsika zvinongedzo nguva dzese, uye ndinovimba kukuvara kuri pachena. Ndinovimba kuti kukuvadzwa kwemukurumbira kune muchengeti weserver uko gwaro rakanyangarika kuri pachena zvakare.

Saka ndoita sei? URI dhizaini

Ibasa re webmaster kugovera URIs inogona kushandiswa mumakore maviri, mumakore makumi maviri, mumakore mazana maviri. Izvi zvinoda kufunga, kuronga uye kutsunga.

URIs inoshanduka kana chero ruzivo rwuri mukati mavo rwachinja. Magadzirirwo aunoita akakosha. (Chii, URI dhizaini? Ndinofanira kugadzira URI? Hongu, iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezvazvo). Dhizaini inoreva kusiya chero ruzivo muURI.

Zuva rakagadzirwa gwaro - zuva rakaburitswa URI - chimwe chinhu chisingazoshanduke. Inobatsira zvikuru pakuparadzanisa mibvunzo inoshandisa iyo itsva system kubva kune iyo inoshandisa yekare system. Iyi inzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga neURI. Kana gwaro rakanyorwa, kunyange kana gwaro racho richizove rakakodzera mune ramangwana, saka uku ndiko kutanga kwakanaka.

Chinosarudzika ipeji rinenge riri remaune "yazvino" vhezheni, semuenzaniso yesangano rose kana chikamu chikuru chayo.

http://www.pathfinder.com/money/moneydaily/latest/

Iyi ndiyo koramu yazvino yeMoney Daily mumagazini yeMoney. Chikonzero chikuru chekusada zuva muURI iyi ndechekuti hapana chikonzero chekuchengeta URI inozopfuura irogi. Pfungwa yeMoney Daily inopera kana Mari yanyangarika. Kana iwe uchida kubatanidza kune zvirimo, unofanirwa kuzvibatanidza nazvo zvakasiyana mumatura:

http://www.pathfinder.com/money/moneydaily/1998/981212.moneyonline.html

(Inotaridzika zvakanaka. Inofungidzira kuti "mari" ichareva chinhu chimwe chete muhupenyu hwose hwepathfinder.com. Pane kopi "98" uye isingakoshi ".html", asi neimwe nzira inoita seURI yakasimba.

Zvekusiya padivi

Zvose! Kunze kwezuva rekugadzira, kuisa chero ruzivo muURI kuri kubvunza dambudziko neimwe nzira.

• Zita remunyori. Vanyori vanogona kuchinja sezvo shanduro itsva dziri kuwanikwa. Vanhu vanosiya masangano vopfuudza zvinhu kune vamwe.
• Nyaya. Zvakaoma zvikuru. Nguva dzose inotaridzika zvakanaka pakutanga, asi inoshanduka zvinoshamisa nekukurumidza. Ndichataura zvakawanda pamusoro peizvi pazasi.
• Mamiriro ezvinhu. Madhairekitori akaita se "kare", "dhizaini" uye zvichingodaro, tisingarevi "zvichangoburwa" uye "inotonhorera", inowanikwa mune ese mafaera masisitimu. Zvinyorwa zvinoshandura chimiro - zvikasadaro hapazovi nechikonzero mukugadzira dhizaini. Iyo yazvino vhezheni yegwaro inoda chiziviso chinoramba chiripo, zvisinei nechimiro charo. Chengetedza chimiro kunze kwezita.
• Kuwana. PaW3C, takapatsanura saiti kuita zvikamu zvevashandi, nhengo, uye veruzhinji. Izvi zvinonzwika zvakanaka, asi chokwadi, magwaro anotanga semazano echikwata kubva kuvashandi, anokurukurwa nenhengo, uye ozove ruzivo rweveruzhinji. Zvingave zvinonyadzisa kana pese panovhurwa gwaro kuti rikurukurwe zvakanyanya, zvese zvekare zvinongedzo kwariri zvakaputswa! Iye zvino tinoenda kune yakapfava date code.
• File extension. Chiitiko chinowanzoitika. "cgi", kunyangwe ".html" ichachinja mune ramangwana. Iwe unogona kunge usiri kushandisa HTML yepeji ino mumakore makumi maviri, asi nhasi zvinongedzo kwairi zvinofanirwa kushanda. Canonical links paW20C saiti usashandise kuwedzera (zvinoitwa sei).
• Software michina. MuURI, tsvaga "cgi", "exec" nemamwe mazwi anoshevedzera "tarisa kuti tiri kushandisa software ipi." Pane chero munhu anoda kupedza hupenyu hwake hwese achinyora Perl CGI zvinyorwa? Aihwa? Wobva wabvisa .pl yekuwedzera. Verenga bhuku remaseva rekuita izvi.
• Disk zita. Handeyi nazvo! Asi ndazviona izvi.

Saka iyo yakanakisa muenzaniso kubva kune yedu saiti iri nyore

http://www.w3.org/1998/12/01/chairs

... taura nezvemaminitsi emusangano wemasachigaro eW3C.

Misoro uye kupatsanurwa nemusoro wenyaya

Ini ndichaenda kune zvakadzama nezve njodzi iyi, sezvo chiri chimwe chezvinhu izvo zvakanyanya kuoma kudzivirira. Kazhinji, misoro inoguma muURIs paunoronga zvinyorwa zvako nebasa ravanoita. Asi kuparara uku kuchachinja nekufamba kwenguva. Mazita enzvimbo achachinja. PaW3C taida kushandura MarkUP kuMarkup uyezve kuHTML kuratidza izvo chaizvo zviri muchikamu. Mukuwedzera, pane kazhinji pane nzvimbo yezita rakadzikama. Mumakore zana, une chokwadi here kuti haungade kushandisazve chero chinhu? Muhupenyu hwedu hupfupi isu takatoda kushandisa zvakare "Nhoroondo" uye "Style Sheets" semuenzaniso.

Inzira inoedza kuronga webhusaiti-uye nzira inoyedza zvechokwadi kuronga chero chinhu, kusanganisira Webhu yese. Iyi imhinduro huru yepakati-kati asi ine zvikanganiso zvakakomba munguva refu.

Chikamu chechikonzero chiri muuzivi hwezvinoreva. Temu yega yega mumutauro inogona kutariswa kubatanidza, uye munhu wega wega anogona kunge aine imwe pfungwa yezvazvinoreva. Sezvo hukama pakati pemasangano hwakafanana nedandemutande pane muti, kunyangwe avo vanobvumirana newebhu vanogona kusarudza imwe inomiririra yemuti. Aya ndiwo angu (anowanzodzokororwa) maonero akajairwa pamusoro penjodzi dzekuronga kwehierarchical semhinduro yakajairika.

Muchokwadi, iwe paunoshandisa zita remusoro muURI, uri kuzvipira kune imwe mhando yemhando. Zvichida mune ramangwana iwe uchasarudza imwe sarudzo. Iyo URI inozobva yabatwa nekutyorwa.

Chikonzero chekushandisa chidzidzo sechikamu cheURI ndechekuti basa rezvikamu zvenzvimbo yeURI rinowanzopihwa, uyezve unoda zita resangano resangano - dhipatimendi, boka, kana chero - iro rinotarisira nzvimbo iyi. Iyi URI inosungirira kune chimiro chesangano. Zvinowanzo chengeteka chete kana iyo mberi (kuruboshwe) URI yakadzivirirwa nezuva: 1998/pics inogona kureva kune server yako "zvataireva muna 1998 nemapikicha" pane kuti "zvatakaita muna 1998 nezvatave kudaidza mapics."

Usakanganwa zita renzvimbo

Rangarira kuti izvi zvinoshanda kwete chete kunzira iri muURI, asiwo kune zita reseva. Kana uine maseva akaparadzana ezvinhu zvakasiyana, yeuka kuti kupatsanurwa uku hakugone kuchinja pasina kuparadza akawanda, akawanda ma link. Mamwe makirasi "tarisai software yatinoshandisa nhasi" kukanganisa mazita emadomasi "cgi.pathfinder.com", "secure", "lists.w3.org". Izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuita kuti server management zvive nyore. Zvisinei nekuti dura rinomiririra kupatsanurwa mukambani yako, chimiro chegwaro, danho rekuwana, kana danho rekuchengetedza, nyatsochenjerera usati washandisa rinopfuura rimwe zita rezita remhando dzemagwaro akawanda. Rangarira kuti iwe unogona kuvanza akawanda mawebhu maseva mukati meimwe inooneka sevha yewebhu uchishandisa redirection uye proxying.

Ah, uye zvakare funga nezvezita rako rezita. Iwe hausi kuda kunzi sipo.com mushure mekunge wachinja mitsara yechigadzirwa uye womira kugadzira sipo (Tine hurombo kune chero muridzi wesipo.com parizvino).

mhedziso

Kuchengetedza URI ye2, 20, 200, kana kunyange 2000 makore zviri pachena kuti hazvisi nyore sezvazvinoratidzika. Zvisinei, pose paInternet, webmasters vari kuita zvisarudzo zviri kuita kuti basa iri rive rakaoma kwavari pachavo mune ramangwana. Kazhinji izvi zvinodaro nekuti vanoshandisa maturusi ane basa rekupa yakanakisa saiti chete panguva ino - uye hapana akaongorora zvichaitika kune zvinongedzo kana zvese zvachinja. Nekudaro, poindi apa ndeyekuti zvakawanda, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kuchinja, uye maURI ako anogona uye anofanira kuramba akafanana. Izvi zvinogoneka chete kana iwe uchifunga nezve magadzirirwo aunoita iwo.

Onawo:

• Jakob Nielsen's tirade pachinhu chimwe chete

Kuwedzera

Maitiro ekubvisa mafaira ekuwedzera ...

...kubva kuURI mune yazvino faira-based web server?

Kana iwe ukashandisa Apache, semuenzaniso, unogona kuimisa kuti itaurirane zvirimo. Sevha faira rekuwedzera (semuenzaniso .png) kufaira (semuenzaniso. mydog.png), asi iwe unogona kubatanidza kune webhu sosi pasina iyo. Apache inobva yatarisa dhairekitori remafaira ese ane zita iroro uye chero yekuwedzera, uye inogona kusarudza yakanakisa kubva pane iyo set (semuenzaniso, GIF nePNG). Uye hapana chikonzero chekuisa marudzi akasiyana emafaira mumadhairekitori akasiyana, kutaura zvazviri kuenzanisa kwemukati hakushande kana ukaita izvozvo.

• Gadzirisa server yako kutaurirana zvirimo
• Gara uchibatanidza kune URIs pasina kuwedzera

Manongedzo ane ekuwedzera acharamba achishanda, asi anodzivirira server yako kubva pakusarudza yakanakisa fomati iripo iye zvino uye mune ramangwana.

(Saizvozvo, mydog, mydog.png и mydog.gif - zviwanikwa zvewebhu zvinoshanda, mydog ndeye universal content type sosi, uye mydog.png и mydog.gif - zviwanikwa zveimwe mhando yezvinyorwa).

Ehe, kana iwe uchinyora yako wega sevha yewebhu, ipfungwa yakanaka kushandisa dhatabhesi kuti usunge inoenderera identifiers kune yavo yazvino fomu, kunyangwe chenjera usingagumi dhatabhesi kukura.

The Board of Shame - Nyaya 1: Channel 7

Muna 1999, ndakatsvaga kuvharwa kwezvikoro nekuda kwechando chiri papeji http://www.whdh.com/stormforce/closings.shtml. Usamirire kuti ruzivo rwuonekwe pazasi peTV skrini! Ndakazvibatanidza kubva papeji yangu yekumba. Dutu guru rekutanga rechando re2000 rinosvika uye ndinotarisa peji. Pakanyorwa ipapo kuti:,

- Kubva.
Hapana chakavharwa parizvino. Ndokumbira udzoke kana paine yambiro yemamiriro ekunze.

Harigoni kuva dutu rakasimba kudaro. Zvinosetsa kuti zuva racho haripo. Asi kana iwe ukaenda kune peji guru resaiti, pachava nebhokisi guru "Zvikoro Zvakavharwa", zvinotungamirira kune peji. http://www.whdh.com/stormforce/ nendaza refu yezvikoro zvakavharwa.

Pamwe vakachinja sisitimu yekuwana rondedzero - asi ivo vaisada kushandura URI.

Board of Shame - Nyaya yechipiri: Microsoft Netmeeting

Nekutsamira kuri kukura paInternet, zano rakangwara rakauya rekuti zvinongedzo kune webhusaiti yemugadziri zvinogona kuiswa mumashandisirwo. Izvi zvakashandiswa nekushungurudzwa zvakanyanya, asi haugone kushandura URL. Rimwe zuva ndakaedza chinongedzo kubva kuMicrosoft Netmeeting 2/chimwe chinhu mutengi muRubatsiro/Microsoft paWebhu/Mahara zvinhu menyu uye ndakagamuchira kukanganisa kwe404 - hapana mhinduro kubva kuseva yakawanikwa. Pamwe zvakatogadziriswa...

© 1998 Tim BL

Nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare: Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi20, pakanyorwa izvi, "kutonhorera" yaiva chirevo chemvumo, kunyanya pakati pevechidiki, zvichiratidza fashoni, kunaka, kana kukodzera. Nekukurumidza, iyo URI nzira yaiwanzo kusarudzirwa "kutonhorera" pane kubatsira kana kugara. Iyi positi kuyedza kudzosera simba kumashure kwekutsvaga kwekutonhorera.

Source: www.habr.com