Parizvino, ichi chinenge chiri chinzvimbo chinodhura zvakanyanya pamusika. Iko kupokana kwakatenderedza "DevOps" mainjiniya anopfuura ese angafungidzirwe miganhu, uye yakatonyanya kushata neVakuru DevOps mainjiniya.
Ini ndinoshanda semukuru wedhipatimendi rekubatanidza uye otomatiki, fungidzira iyo Chirungu decoding - DevOps Maneja. Hazvigoneki kuti chinyorwa cheChirungu chinoratidza mabasa edu ezuva nezuva, asi shanduro yeRussia munyaya iyi yakarurama. Nekuda kwechimiro chechiitiko changu, zvakangoitika kuti ndinoda kubvunzurudza nhengo dzemangwana dzechikwata changu, uye mugore rapfuura, vanhu vangangosvika makumi mashanu vakapfuura nekwandiri, uye nhamba imwe cheteyo yakagurwa pachiratidziro nevashandi vangu.
Tichiri kutsvaga vatinoshanda navo, nekuti kuseri kweiyo DevOps label kune yakakura kwazvo layer yemarudzi akasiyana einjiniya anovanda.
Zvese zvakanyorwa pazasi ipfungwa dzangu pachangu, haufanirwe kubvumirana nazvo, asi ndinobvuma kuti zvichawedzera rumwe ruvara kumafungiro ako kune musoro. Pasinei nenjodzi yekusadiwa, ndinoburitsa maonero angu nekuti ndinotenda kuti ine nzvimbo yekuve.
Makambani ane manzwisisiro akasiyana ekuti ndiani mainjiniya eDevOps uye, nekuda kwekukurumidza kuhaya sosi, vanorembera iyi label kumunhu wese. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu anoshamisa, sezvo makambani akagadzirira kubhadhara zvisingaite kune vanhu ava, achigamuchira, kazhinji, maneja wezvishandiso kwavari.
Saka ndivanaani mainjiniya eDevOps?
Ngatitangei nenhoroondo yekuonekwa kwayo - Development Operations yakaonekwa seimwe nhanho yekunatsiridza kudyidzana muzvikwata zvidiki kuwedzera kukurumidza kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, semhedzisiro inotarisirwa. Pfungwa iyi yaive yekusimbisa timu yekusimudzira neruzivo rwemaitiro uye nzira dzekugadzirisa nharaunda yechigadzirwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, mugadziri anofanirwa kunzwisisa uye kuziva kuti chigadzirwa chake chinoshanda sei mune mamwe mamiriro, anofanira kunzwisisa nzira yekuendesa chigadzirwa chake, ndeapi maitiro enharaunda anogona kugadziriswa kuti avandudze mashandiro. Saka, kwenguva yakati, vagadziri vane nzira yeDevOps vakaonekwa. Vagadziri veDevOps vakanyora kuvaka uye kurongedza zvinyorwa kurerutsa zviitiko zvavo uye kuita kwenzvimbo yekugadzira. Nekudaro, kuomarara kwegadziriso yekuvaka uye kupesvedzera kwezvikamu zvezvivakwa nekufamba kwenguva kwakatanga kukanganisa kushanda kwenzvimbo; nekudzokorora kwega kwega, kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvimwe zvikamu kwaidiwa, kuderedza kubereka kwemugadziri nekuda kwekuwedzera. mari yekunzwisisa zvikamu uye tuning masisitimu erimwe basa. Mari yemugadziri wacho yakawedzera, mutengo wechigadzirwa pamwe chete nawo, izvo zvinodiwa zvevagadziri vatsva muchikwata zvakasvetuka zvakanyanya, nekuti ivo vaifanirawo kuvhara mabasa e "nyeredzi" yekusimudzira uye, sezviri pachena, "nyeredzi" dzakava shoma. uye zvishoma zviripo. Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza kuti, mune yangu ruzivo, vashoma vanogadzira vanofarira izvo chaizvo zvekugadziriswa kwepakeji neiyo inoshanda system kernel, packet routing mitemo, uye yekuchengetedza maficha. Nhanho ine musoro yaive yekukwezva maneja anoziva nezve izvi uye kumupa mabasa akafanana, ayo, nekuda kweruzivo rwake, akaita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana zviratidzo zvakafanana nemutengo wakaderera kana uchienzaniswa nemutengo we "nyeredzi" kusimudzira. Vatariri vakadaro vakaiswa muchikwata uye basa rake guru raive rekutarisa bvunzo nekugadzira nharaunda, maererano nemitemo yechimwe chikwata, nezviwanikwa zvakagoverwa kune chimwe chikwata ichi. Aya ndiwo maitiro, chokwadi, DevOps akaonekwa mupfungwa dzevazhinji.
Zvishoma kana zvizere, nekufamba kwenguva, vatariri vehurongwa ava vakatanga kunzwisisa zvinodiwa nechikwata ichi mumunda wekusimudzira, maitiro ekuita kuti hupenyu huve nyore kune vanogadzira uye vanoedza, nzira yekuburitsa chigadziriso uye vasingafanire kugara husiku hweChishanu mu. hofisi, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvekutumira. Nguva yakapfuura, uye zvino "nyeredzi" dzaive vatariri vehurongwa vainzwisisa zvaidiwa nevagadziri. Kuti uderedze kukanganiswa, manejimendi ekushandisa akatanga kuuya; munhu wese akarangarira nzira dzekare uye dzakavimbika dzekuparadzanisa nhanho yeOS, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kudzikisa zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza, manejimendi echikamu chetiweki, uye gadziriso yevaenzi senge. yakazara uye, semugumisiro, kuderedza zvinodiwa zve "nyeredzi" itsva.
Chinhu "chinoshamisa" chaonekwa - docker. Sei zvinoshamisa? Hongu, chete nekuti kugadzira kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe muchroot kana jeri, pamwe neOpenVZ, yaida ruzivo rusiri rudiki rweOS, mukupesana, chishandiso chinokutendera iwe kuti ungogadzira yakasarudzika nzvimbo yekushandisa pane imwe muenzi ane zvese zvinodiwa mukati uye ruoko. pamusoro pematomu ebudiriro zvakare, uye maneja wehurongwa anogona kungobata neanotambira mumwechete, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwayo uye kuwanikwa kwepamusoro-kurerutsa zvine musoro. Asi kufambira mberi hakumire uye masisitimu ari kuramba achiwedzera kuomarara, kune akawanda uye akawanda zvikamu, muenzi mumwe haachasangana nezvinodiwa nehurongwa uye zvakakosha kuvaka masumbu, isu tiri kudzokera kune vatariri vehurongwa avo vari. kukwanisa kugadzira masisitimu aya.
Cycle mushure mekutenderera, masisitimu akasiyana anooneka anorerutsa budiriro uye/kana manejimendi, orchestration masisitimu anooneka, ayo, kusvikira iwe wada kutsauka kubva kune yakajairwa maitiro, ari nyore kushandisa. Microservice architecture yakaonekwawo nechinangwa chekurerutsa zvese zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro - hukama hushoma, nyore kubata. Mune ruzivo rwangu, handina kuwana zvachose microservice architecture, ndingati 50 kusvika 50 - 50 muzana ye microservices, mabhokisi matema, akapinda, akabuda akagadziriswa, mamwe makumi mashanu ari monolith yakabvaruka, masevhisi asingakwanisi kushanda zvakasiyana kubva kune mamwe. zvikamu. Zvese izvi zvakare zvakatemerwa zvirambidzo padanho reruzivo rwevagadziri uye maneja.
Kufanana "kuzununguka" muzinga reruzivo rwenyanzvi yeimwe sosi inoenderera mberi nanhasi. Asi isu tinodzikisira zvishoma, pane akawanda mapoinzi akakodzera kujekeswa.
Vaka Engineer/Release Engineer
Akanyanya hunyanzvi mainjiniya akabuda senzira yekumisikidza software kuvaka maitiro uye kuburitsa. Muchiito chekuunza kupararira kweAgile, zvingaita sekuti vakarega kudiwa, asi izvi zviri kure nemhosva. Iyi nyanzvi yakaonekwa senzira yekumisikidza kuungana uye kuendesa software pachiyero cheindasitiri, i.e. kushandisa maitiro akajairwa kune zvese zvigadzirwa zvekambani. Nekuuya kweDevOps, vanogadzira vakarasikirwa nemabasa avo, sezvo vaive vagadziri vakatanga kugadzirira chigadzirwa kuti vaendese, uye vachipihwa shanduko yezvivakwa uye nzira yekuendesa nekukurumidza pasina hanya nemhando, nekufamba kwenguva vakachinja kuita. chivharo chekuchinja, sezvo kuomerera kune zvemhando yepamusoro kunonotsa kuburitsa. Saka, zvishoma nezvishoma, chikamu chekushanda kweBuild/Release mainjiniya chakatamira kumapfudzi evatariri vehurongwa.
Ops zvakasiyana chaizvo
Isu tinoenderera mberi uye zvakare kuvepo kwehuwandu hukuru hwemabasa uye kushomeka kwevashandi vanokwanisa kunotisundidzira kuhunyanzvi hwakasimba, sehowa mushure memvura, maOperation akasiyana anooneka:
- TechOps - enikey system administrators aka HelpDesk Engineer
- LiveOps - vatariri vehurongwa vanonyanya kuita basa rekugadzira nharaunda
- CloudOps - vatariri vehurongwa vanonyanya kukoshesa makore eruzhinji Azure, AWS, GCP, nezvimwe.
- PlatOps/InfraOps/SysOps - vatariri vehurongwa hwezvivakwa.
- NetOps - network administrator
- SecOps - vatariri vehurongwa vanonyanya kuchengetedzwa kweruzivo - PCI kutevedzera, kutevedzera CIS, kupeta, nezvimwe.
DevOps ndeye (mu dzidziso) munhu anonzwisisa ekutanga-ruoko maitiro ese ekutenderera kutenderera - kusimudzira, kuyedza, anonzwisisa chigadzirwa dhizaini, anokwanisa kuongorora njodzi dzekuchengetedza, anoziva nzira uye otomatiki maturusi, pamwe pakakwirira. nhanho, pamusoro peizvi, zvakare inonzwisisa pre- uye post-kugadzirisa.kuburitswa kwechigadzirwa rutsigiro. Munhu anokwanisa kuita semurevereri wezvese Operations neBudiriro, izvo zvinobvumira kubatana kwakanaka pakati pembiru mbiri idzi. Inonzwisisa maitiro ekuronga basa nezvikwata uye kutonga zvinotarisirwa nevatengi.
Kuita rudzi urwu rwebasa uye mabasa, munhu uyu haafanire kunge aine nzira dzekutarisira kwete chete kusimudzira uye kuyedza maitiro, asiwo manejimendi ezvivakwa zvechigadzirwa, pamwe nekuronga zviwanikwa. DevOps mukunzwisisa uku haigone kuwanikwa muIT, kana muR&D, kana muPMO; inofanirwa kuve nesimba munzvimbo dzese idzi - technical director wekambani, Chief Technical Officer.
Izvi ndezvechokwadi here mukambani yako? - Ndinokahadzika. Kazhinji, iyi ingave IT kana R&D.
Kushaikwa kwemari uye kugona kupesvedzera imwe yeidzi nzvimbo nhatu dzebasa kunozochinja huremu hwematambudziko kuenda uko shanduko idzi dziri nyore kushandisa, sekushandiswa kwezvirambidzo zvehunyanzvi pakuburitswa zvine chekuita ne "tsvina" kodhi zvinoenderana ne static. analyzer systems. Kureva kuti, kana PMO ichiisa nguva yakaoma yekusunungurwa kwekushanda, R&D haigone kuburitsa mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro mukati memazuva ekupedzisira uye inoigadzira nepainogona napo, ichisiya refactoring kune gare gare, DevOps ine chekuita neIT inovhara kuburitswa nehunyanzvi nzira. . Kushaikwa kwechiremera chekuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu, kana iri yevashandi vane mutoro, kunotungamira mukuratidzwa kwe hyper-mutoro wezvavasingakwanise kupesvedzera, kunyanya kana vashandi ava vakanzwisisa uye vachiona zvikanganiso, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa - "Bliss kusaziva", uye semhedzisiro yekuneta uye kurasikirwa kwevashandi ava.
DevOps zviwanikwa musika
Ngatitarisei nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeDevOps kubva kumakambani akasiyana.
Takagadzirira kusangana newe kana iwe:
- Iwe ndiwe Zabbix uye unoziva kuti Prometheus chii;
- Iptables;
- BASH PhD Mudzidzi;
- Muzvinafundo Ansible;
- Linux Guru;
- Ziva mashandisiro ekugadzirisa uye tsvaga matambudziko ekushandisa pamwe chete nevagadziri (php/java/python);
- Routing haiite kuti unzwe hysterical;
- Chengetedza zvakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwehurongwa;
- Chengetedza "chero chinhu uye zvese", uye zvakare zvinobudirira kudzorera ichi "chero chinhu uye zvese";
- Iwe unoziva kugadzirisa hurongwa nenzira yekuti uwane huwandu kubva pane hushoma;
- Gadzira kudzokorora usati waenda kunorara paPostgres uye MySQL;
- Kumisikidza uye kugadzirisa CI / CD zvakafanira kwauri semangwanani / masikati / kudya kwemanheru.
- Iva neruzivo neAWS;
- Yakagadzirira kuvandudza nekambani;
Saka:
- kubva pa1 kusvika ku6 - system administrator
- 7 - diki network manejimendi, iyo inokodzerawo mune system administrator, Middle level
- 8 - chengetedzo shoma, inosungirwa kune Middle level system administrator
- 9-11 - Middle System Administrator
- 12 - Zvichienderana nemabasa akapihwa, ingave Middle System Administrator kana Build Injiniya
- 13 - Virtualization - Middle System Administrator, kana iyo inonzi CloudOps, ruzivo rwepamusoro rwemasevhisi eimwe saiti yekutambira, kuitira kushandiswa kwakanaka kwemari uye kuderedza mutoro pakugadzirisa.
Tichipfupikisa basa iri, tinogona kutaura kuti Middle/Senior System Administrator inokwana vakomana.
Nenzira, haufanirwe kupatsanura zvakasimba vatariri paLinux / Windows. Ehe, ndinonzwisisa kuti masevhisi uye masisitimu epasirese idzi mbiri akasiyana, asi hwaro hwese hwakafanana uye chero anozviremekedza admin anoziva nezvese uye mumwe, uye kunyangwe kana asina kujaira, zvichadaro. hazvinetsi kune admin anokwanisa kujairana nazvo.
Ngatitarisei imwe vacancy:
- Chiitiko chekuvaka hurongwa hwepamusoro-soro;
- Kuziva kwakanakisa kweLinux OS, general system software uye web stack (Nginx, PHP/Python, HAProxy, MySQL/PostgreSQL, Memcached, Redis, RabbitMQ, ELK);
- Chiitiko ne virtualization systems (KVM, VMWare, LXC/Docker);
- Kugona kunyora mitauro;
- Kunzwisisa kwemaitiro ekushanda kwe network protocol network;
- Kunzwisisa misimboti yekuvaka masisitimu anoshivirira;
- Kuzvimirira uye kutanga;
Ngatitarisei:
- 1 - Senior System Administrator
- 2 - Zvichienderana nechirevo chakaiswa mune iyi stack - Middle / Senior System Administrator
- 3 - Chiitiko chebasa, kusanganisira, chinogona kureva - "Iyo cluster haina kusimudza, asi yakagadzira uye yakagadziriswa machina chaiwo, pakanga paine imwe Docker host, kupinda mumidziyo kwanga kusipo" - Middle System Administrator
- 4 - Junior System Administrator - hongu, admin asingazive kunyora ekutanga otomatiki zvinyorwa, zvisinei nemutauro, kwete admin - enikey.
- 5 - Pakati System Administrator
- 6 - Senior System Administrator
Kupfupikisa - Pakati / Mukuru System Administrator
Imwe zvekare:
- Devops ruzivo;
- Ziva pakushandisa chigadzirwa chimwe kana kupfuura kugadzira CI/CD maitiro. Gitlab CI ichava mukana;
- Kushanda nemidziyo uye virtualization; Kana iwe wakashandisa docker, zvakanaka, asi kana iwe wakashandisa k8s, yakanaka!
- Ziva kushanda mune agile timu;
- Kuziva chero mutauro wepurogiramu;
Ngationei:
- 1 - Hmm... Vakomana vanorevei? =) Zvingangodaro ivo pachavo havazivi zvakavanzwa kuseri kwayo
- 2 - Vaka Engineer
- 3 - Pakati System Administrator
- 4 - Unyanzvi hwakapfava, isu hatizvifungire ikozvino, kunyangwe Agile chiri chimwe chinhu chinodudzirwa nenzira iri nyore.
- 5 - Mazwi ezwi zvakanyanyisa - unogona kunge uri mutauro wekunyora kana wakabatanidzwa. Hameno kuti kunyora muPascal neBasic kuchikoro zvinovaenderana here? =)
Ini ndodawo kusiya chinyorwa chine maererano nepoindi 3 kuitira kusimbisa kunzwisisa kwechikonzero nei iyi poindi yakafukidzwa neiyo system administrator. Kubernetes ingori orchestration, chishandiso chinoputira mirairo yakananga kunetiweki madhiraivha uye virtualization / yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe mune yakati wandei mirairo uye inokutendera iwe kuti utaure navo zvisingaite, ndizvo zvese. Semuenzaniso, ngatitorei 'kuvaka chimiro' Gadzira, izvo, nenzira, ini handitarise chimiro. Hongu, ndinoziva nezvefashoni yekusaidzira Ita chero kupi, pazvinenge zvichidikanwa uye zvisingadiwi - kuputira Maven muMake, semuenzaniso, zvakakomba?
Chaizvoizvo, Gadzira ingori kuputira pamusoro pegoko, kurerutsa kuunganidza, kubatanidza, uye kuunganidza nharaunda mirairo, senge k8s.
Pane imwe nguva, ndakabvunzurudza mumwe mukomana akashandisa k8s mubasa rake pamusoro pe OpenStack, uye akataura nezve mashandisiro aakaita masevhisi pairi, zvisinei, pandakabvunza nezve OpenStack, zvakazoitika kuti yaitungamirwa, pamwe nekusimudzwa nehurongwa. administrator. Iwe unonyatso funga here kuti munhu akaisa OpenStack, zvisinei kuti anoshandisa chikuva chei kumashure kwake, haakwanise kushandisa k8s? =)
Uyu munyoreri haasi chaizvo DevOps, asi System Administrator uye, kunyatsojeka, Kubernetes Administrator.
Ngatipfupikisai zvakare - Middle/Senior System Administrator ichavakwanira.
Zvakawanda sei kuyera mumagiramu
Huwandu hwemihoro yakarongwa yezvinzvimbo zvakaratidzwa i90k-200k
Zvino ini ndoda kudhirowa kuenderana pakati pemubairo wemari weSystem Administrators uye DevOps Injiniya.
Muchidimbu, kurerutsa zvinhu, unogona kuparadzira mamakisi zvichienderana neruzivo rwebasa, kunyangwe izvi zvisiri izvo, asi nekuda kwezvinangwa zvechinyorwa zvichave zvakakwana.
Chiitiko:
- kusvika kumakore matatu - Junior
- kusvika kumakore matanhatu - Middle
- kupfuura 6 - Mukuru
Saiti yekutsvaga yevashandi inopa:
System Administrators:
- Junior - makore maviri - 2k rub.
- Pakati - makore mashanu - 5k rub.
- Mukuru - 11 makore - 100k rub.
DevOps Injiniya:
- Junior - makore maviri - 2k rub.
- Pakati - makore matatu - 3k rub.
- Mukuru - 6 makore - 220k rub.
Zvinoenderana nechiitiko che "DevOps", ruzivo rwakashandiswa izvo zvakambokanganisa SDLC.
Kubva pane zviri pamusoro apa zvinotevera kuti makambani haadi maDevOps, uye zvakare kuti vanogona kuchengetedza inokwana makumi mashanu muzana yemitengo yakarongwa pakutanga nekuhaya Administrator; uyezve, vanogona kutsanangura zvakajeka mabasa emunhu wavari kutsvaga. uye kuzadza chinodiwa nekukurumidza. Hatifaniriwo kukanganwa kuti kupatsanurwa kwakajeka kwemabasa kunotibvumira kuderedza zvinodiwa nevashandi, pamwe nekugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka muchikwata, nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekupindirana. Mazhinji ezvinzvimbo azere nezvishandiso uye DevOps label, asi iwo haana kubva pane chaidzo zvinodiwa zveDevOps Injiniya, inongokumbira maneja wezvishandiso.
Maitiro ekudzidzisa mainjiniya eDevOps zvakare anongogumira kune seti yeakananga mabasa, zvishandiso, uye haape kunzwisiswa kwakazara kwemaitirwo uye kutsamira kwavo. Zvakanaka chaizvo kana munhu achigona kuendesa AWS EKS achishandisa Terraform, pamwe chete neFluentd sidecar musumbu iri uye AWS ELK stack yekugadzira matanda mumaminitsi gumi, achishandisa murairo mumwe chete mukoni, asi kana asinganzwisise musimboti wekuzvigadziridza matanda uye zvaari kudikanwa, kana iwe usingazive nzira yekuunganidza metrics paari uye nekutevera kuderedzwa kwesevhisi, zvino icharamba iri enikey imwe chete anoziva mashandisiro ezvimwe zvinoshandiswa.
Kudiwa, zvisinei, kunogadzira kugovera, uye tinoona yakanyanyisa kupisa musika weiyo DevOps chinzvimbo, uko izvo zvinodikanwa zvisingaenderane nebasa chairo, asi zvinongobvumira vatariri vehurongwa kuwana yakawanda.
Saka ndivanaani? DevOps kana vane makaro sisitimu maneja? =)
Kuti urambe uchirarama sei?
Vashandirwi vanofanirwa kugadzira zvinodikanwa nenzira kwayo uye kutarisa chaizvo izvo zvinodikanwa, uye kwete kukanda-kanda mavara. Iwe hauzive zvinoitwa neDevOps - haudi ivo mune iyo kesi.
Vashandi - Dzidza. Gara uchivandudza ruzivo rwako, tarisa iyo yakazara mufananidzo wemaitiro uye tevera nzira yechinangwa chako. Iwe unogona kuve chero waunoda, iwe unongofanira kuedza.
Source: www.habr.com