DevOps yave musoro wakakurumbira mumakore mashoma apfuura. Vanhu vazhinji vanorota kuijoinha, asi, sezvinoratidzwa nemaitiro, kazhinji nekuda kwemwero wemihoro.
Vamwe vanhu vanonyora maDevOps pane yavo yekutanga, kunyangwe ivo vasingagare vachiziva kana kunzwisisa musimboti wetemu. Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti mushure mekufunda Ansible, GitLab, Jenkins, Terraform uye nezvimwe (iyo rondedzero inogona kupfuuridzirwa zvinoenderana nekuravira kwako), iwe unobva wangove "devopsist". Izvi, zvechokwadi, hazvisi zvechokwadi.
Kwemakore mashoma apfuura, ndanga ndichinyanya kubatanidzwa mukuitwa kweDevOps mumakambani akasiyana. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, akashanda kwemakore anopfuura 20 muzvinzvimbo kubva kune system administrator kusvika IT director. Parizvino DevOps Inotungamira Injiniya kuPlaygendary.
Ndiani DevOps
Pfungwa yekunyora chinyorwa yakasimuka mushure memumwe mubvunzo: "DevOps ndiani?" Hapasati pave nenguva yakatarwa yekuti ndiani kana kuti ndiani. Dzimwe dzemhinduro dzatove mune izvi . Kutanga, ndichasimbisa mapfundo makuru ari mariri, uye ipapo ndichagovera cherekedzo dzangu nemifungo.
DevOps haisi nyanzvi inogona kubhadharwa, kwete seti yezvishandiso, uye kwete dhipatimendi revagadziri vane mainjiniya.
DevOps ifilosofi uye nzira.
Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo seti yemaitiro inobatsira vanogadzira kushingaira kupindirana nevatariri vehurongwa. Ndiko, kubatanidza uye kubatanidza maitiro ebasa mune mumwe nemumwe.
Nekuuya kweDevOps, chimiro uye mabasa enyanzvi zvakaramba zvakafanana (kune vanogadzira, kune mainjiniya), asi mitemo yekudyidzana yakachinja. Miganhu iri pakati pemadhipatimendi haina kujeka.
Zvinangwa zveDevOps zvinogona kutsanangurwa mumapoinzi matatu:
- Iyo software inofanirwa kuvandudzwa nguva nenguva.
- Software inofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza.
- Iyo software inofanirwa kuiswa zviri nyore uye munguva pfupi.
Iko hakuna chishandiso chimwe cheDevOps. Kugadzirisa, kuendesa uye kudzidza akati wandei zvigadzirwa hazvireve kuti DevOps yaonekwa mukambani. Kune akawanda maturusi uye ese anoshandiswa pamatanho akasiyana, asi anoshanda chinangwa chimwe chete.
Uye ichi chingori chikamu chemidziyo yeDevOps
Ndanga ndichibvunzurudza vanhu nokuda kwechinzvimbo cheDevOps injiniya kwemakore anopfuura 2 ikozvino, uye ndakasvika pakuziva kuti zvakakosha sei kunyatsonzwisisa chinangwa chezwi. Ndakaunganidza zviitiko chaizvo, kucherechedza uye pfungwa dzandinoda kugovera.
Kubva pane zvakaitika kubvunzurudzo, ndinoona mufananidzo unotevera: nyanzvi dzinofunga DevOps zita rebasa kazhinji vane kusanzwisisana nevanoshanda navo.
Paiva nemuenzaniso unoshamisa. Mumwe murume wechidiki akauya kubvunzurudzo aine mazwi akawanda akangwara pane rake rekutanga. Pamabasa ake matatu ekupedzisira, akange aine 5-6 mwedzi yeruzivo. Ndakasiya maviri ekutanga nekuti "havana kusimuka." Asi nezvekambani yechitatu, akataura kuti hapana anomunzwisisa ipapo: vanogadzira vanonyora kodhi paWindows, uye mutungamiriri anomanikidza iyi kodhi kuti "yakaputirwa" muDocker yenguva dzose uye yakavakwa muCI / CD pombi. Mukomana uyu akataura zvinhu zvakaipa zvakawanda nezvenzvimbo yake yebasa uye nevaanoshanda navo - ndaingoda kupindura: "Saka hautengese nzou."
Ndakabva ndamubvunza mubvunzo uri pamusoro pezvandanyora zvemunhu wese.
- DevOps inorevei kwauri iwe pachako?
- Kazhinji kana ndinozviona sei?
Ndaifarira maonero ake. Aiziva dzidziso nemabviro eshoko racho, asi aisabvumirana nazvo zvakasimba. Akatenda kuti DevOps raive zita rebasa. Apa ndipo pane mudzi wematambudziko ake. Pamwe chete nedzimwe nyanzvi dzine maonero akafanana.
Vashandirwi, vakanzwa zvakawanda nezve "mashiripiti eDevOps", vanoda kutsvaga munhu achauya uye kugadzira iyi "mashiripiti". Uye vanonyorera kubva kuchikamu che "DevOps ibasa" havanzwisise kuti nenzira iyi havazokwanisa kuzadzisa zvinotarisirwa. Uye, kazhinji, vakanyora DevOps pane yavo yekutanga nekuti itsika uye vanobhadhara yakawanda pairi.
DevOps nzira uye uzivi
Nzira yacho inogona kuva yedzidziso uye inoshanda. Muchiitiko chedu, ndiyo yechipiri. Sezvandambotaura pamusoro, DevOps seti yemaitiro uye mazano anoshandiswa kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvakataurwa. Uye mune imwe neimwe nyaya, zvichienderana nekambani yebhizinesi maitiro, inogona kusiyana zvakanyanya. Izvo zvisingaite kuti zvive nani kana kuipa.
Iyo DevOps nzira ingori nzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa.
Zvino nezve izvo DevOps philosophy chii. Uye uyu zvichida ndiwo mubvunzo wakaoma zvikuru.
Zvakanyanya kuoma kugadzira mhinduro pfupi uye pfupi, nekuti haisati yagadzirwa. Uye sezvo vatevedzeri veDevOps philosophy vari kuita zvakawanda mukuita, hapana nguva yehuzivi. Zvisinei, iyi inzira inokosha zvikuru. Uyezve, inoenderana zvakananga nemabasa einjiniya. Kune kunyange nzvimbo yakasarudzika yeruzivo - .
Pakanga pasina chidzidzo chakadaro kuyunivhesiti yangu, ndaifanira kudzidza zvese ndega ndichishandisa zvinhu zvandaigona kuwana kuma90s. Musoro wacho unosarudzika padzidzo yeinjiniya, nekudaro kushomeka kwekugadziriswa kwemhinduro. Asi avo vanhu vakanyudzwa zvakanyanya muDevOps vanotanga kunzwa imwe "mweya" kana "kusaziva kunzwisisa" kwese kwekambani maitiro.
Ndichishandisa ruzivo rwangu pachangu, ndakaedza kuita mamwe eβzvirevoβ zveuzivi uhwu. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeiyi:
- DevOps hachisi chinhu chakazvimirira chinogona kupatsanurwa munzvimbo yakaparadzana yeruzivo kana chiitiko.
- Vese vashandi vekambani vanofanirwa kutungamirwa neDevOps nzira yekuronga mabasa avo.
- DevOps inokanganisa maitiro ese mukati mekambani.
- DevOps iripo kuti ideredze mutengo wenguva kune chero maitiro mukati mekambani kuve nechokwadi chekusimudzira masevhisi ayo uye yakanyanya kunaka kunyaradza kwevatengi.
- DevOps, mumutauro wemazuva ano, ndiyo inosimudzira chinzvimbo chemushandi wese wekambani, ine chinangwa chekudzikisa mutengo wenguva nekuvandudza mhando yezvigadzirwa zveIT zvakatipoteredza.
Ini ndinofunga kuti yangu "postulates" inyaya yakasiyana yekukurukurirana. Asi ikozvino pane chimwe chinhu chekuvaka pamusoro pacho.
Zvinoita DevOps
Shoko rakakosha apa kutaura. Kune kwakawanda kutaurirana, iyo yekutanga iyo inofanirwa kunge iri iyo yakafanana DevOps injiniya. Nei zvakadaro? Nekuti uhwu huzivi uye nzira, uye chete ipapo ruzivo rweinjiniya.
Ini handigone kutaura ne100% chivimbo nezvemusika wevashandi vekuMadokero. Asi ini ndinoziva zvakawanda nezve DevOps musika muRussia. Pamusoro pemazana ekubvunzurudza, mugore rapfuura nehafu ndakatora chikamu mumazana ehunyanzvi presales yebasa re "Implementation of DevOps" kumakambani makuru eRussia nemabhangi.
MuRussia, DevOps ichiri mudiki, asi yatove musoro wenyaya. Sekuziva kwangu, muMoscow chete kushomeka kwenyanzvi dzakadaro muna 2019 kwaive nevanhu vanopfuura chiuru. Uye izwi rekuti Kubernetes revashandirwi rakada kuita sedhende dzvuku renzombe. Vateveri vechishandiso ichi vakagadzirira kuishandisa kunyangwe pazvisina kufanira uye zvine pundutso mune zvehupfumi. Mushandirwi haanzwisisi nguva dzose mune zvipi zvakafanira kushandisa, uye nekuendesa kwakakodzera, kuchengetedza Kubernetes cluster kunodhura 1000-2 nguva kupfuura kutumira application uchishandisa yakajairwa cluster scheme. Rishandise paunoda chaizvo.
Kushandisa DevOps kunodhura maererano nemari. Uye inoruramiswa chete apo inounza zvikomborero zvehupfumi mune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye kwete pachayo.
DevOps mainjiniya, chokwadi, mapiyona - ndivo vanofanirwa kuve vekutanga kushandisa nzira iyi mukambani nekuvaka maitiro. Kuti izvi zvibudirire, nyanzvi inofanirwa kugara ichidyidzana nevashandi uye vaunoshanda navo pamatanho ese. Sezvandinowanzo taura, vese vashandi vekambani vanofanirwa kuve nechekuita mukuita kweDevOps: kubva kumukadzi wekuchenesa kuenda kuMukuru Mukuru. Uye ichi ndicho chinodiwa. Kana iyo nhengo yejunior yechikwata isingazivi uye inonzwisisa kuti DevOps chii uye nei zvimwe zviito zvesangano zvichiitwa, ipapo kuita kwakabudirira hakuzoshanda.
Zvakare, injinjiniya yeDevOps inoda kushandisa saizi yekutonga nguva nenguva. Semuenzaniso, kukunda "kupokana kwezvakatipoteredza" - kana timu isati yagadzirira kugamuchira maturusi eDevOps uye maitiro.
Mugadziri anofanira kungonyora kodhi uye bvunzo. Kuti aite izvi, haadi ine simba-pamusoro laptop yaanozoisa uye nekutsigira munharaunda hurongwa hwese purojekiti. Semuenzaniso, mugadziri wepamberi anochengeta zvese zvekushandisa palaptop yake, kusanganisira dhatabhesi, S3 emulator (minio), nezvimwe. Ndiko kuti, anopedza nguva yakawanda achichengetedza zvivako izvi zvemunharaunda uye ari oga-anotambura nezvinetso zvose zvekugadzirisa kwakadaro. Panzvimbo pekugadzira kodhi yekumberi. Vanhu vakadai vanogona kuramba zvakanyanya kune chero shanduko.
Asi kune zvikwata izvo, pane zvinopesana, zvinofara kuunza zvishandiso zvitsva uye nzira, uye nekushingaira kutora chikamu mune izvi. Kunyangwe mune iyi kesi, kutaurirana pakati peinjiniya yeDevOps nechikwata hakuna kubviswa.
Kana DevOps isingadiwi
Pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo DevOps isingadiwi. Ichi ichokwadi - chinoda kunzwisiswa nekugamuchirwa.
Chekutanga pane zvese, izvi zvinoshanda kune chero makambani (kunyanya mabhizinesi madiki), kana purofiti yavo isingaenderane nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwezvigadzirwa zveIT zvinopa masevhisi eruzivo kune vatengi. Uye pano hatisi kutaura nezve webhusaiti yekambani, ingave iri static "bhizinesi kadhi" kana neane simba mabhuroki enhau, nezvimwe.
DevOps inodiwa kana kugutsikana kwemutengi wako uye chishuwo chake chekudzokera kwauri zvakare zvinoenderana nekuwanikwa kweaya masevhisi eruzivo rwekudyidzana nemutengi, hunhu hwavo uye kunanga.
Muenzaniso unoshamisa nderimwe bhangi rinosanozivikanwa. Iyo kambani haina mahofisi evatengi echinyakare, kuyerera kwegwaro kunoitwa kuburikidza netsamba kana vatakuri, uye vashandi vazhinji vanoshanda kubva kumba. Iyo kambani yakarega kungova bhangi uye, mumaonero angu, yashanduka kuita kambani yeIT ine yakagadziridzwa DevOps tekinoroji.
Mimwe mizhinji mimwe mienzaniso uye hurukuro dzinogona kuwanikwa mune zvakarekodhwa zve thematic meetups uye makonferensi. Ndakashanyira vamwe vavo pachangu - ichi chiitiko chinobatsira kune avo vanoda kusimudzira mune ino nzira. Heano malink eYouTube chiteshi ane hurukuro dzakanaka uye zvinhu paDevOps:
Zvino tarisa bhizinesi rako uye funga nezve izvi: Ko kambani yako uye purofiti yayo inoenderana sei nezvigadzirwa zveIT kugonesa kudyidzana kwevatengi?
Kana kambani yako ichitengesa hove muchitoro chidiki uye chete IT chigadzirwa chiri maviri 1C: Enterprise masisitimu (Accounting uye UNF), saka hazvina musoro kutaura nezveDevOps.
Kana iwe ukashanda mubhizimusi rakakura rekutengesa nekugadzira (semuenzaniso, iwe unoburitsa pfuti dzekuvhima), saka unofanirwa kufunga nezvazvo. Iwe unogona kutora danho uye kuendesa kune yako manejimendi tarisiro yekushandisa DevOps. Zvakanaka, uye panguva imwechete, tungamira iyi nzira. Chinzvimbo chekusimudzira ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zveDevOps philosophy.
Saizi uye huwandu hwemari yegore negore haisi iyo nzira huru yekuona kana kambani yako ichida DevOps.
Ngatimbofungidzira bhizinesi hombe reindasitiri risingadyidzane zvakananga nevatengi. Semuenzaniso, mamwe anogadzira mota uye makambani anogadzira mota. Handina chokwadi iye zvino, asi kubva pane zvakaitika kwandiri, kwemakore akawanda kushamwaridzana kwevatengi kwakaitwa kuburikidza neemail uye foni.
Vatengi vavo vane mazita mashoma evatengesi vemotokari. Uye imwe neimwe inopihwa nyanzvi kubva kumugadziri. Zvose zvemukati zvinyorwa zvinoyerera zvinoitika kuburikidza neSAP ERP. Vashandi vemukati ndivo vanonyanya vatengi veiyo ruzivo system. Asi iyi IS inodzorwa nemaitiro echinyakare ekugadzirisa masumbu masisitimu. Izvo zvisingabatanidzi mukana wekushandisa DevOps maitiro.
Nokudaro mhedziso: kumabhizinesi akadaro, kushandiswa kweDevOps hachisi chinhu chakakosha, kana tikayeuka zvinangwa zvemaitiro kubva pakutanga kwechinyorwa. Asi ini handirambire kuti vanoshandisa mamwe maturusi eDevOps nhasi.
Kune rimwe divi, kune akawanda makambani madiki anogadzira software achishandisa DevOps methodology, philosophy, maitiro uye maturusi. Uye vanotenda kuti mutengo wekushandisa DevOps ndiwo mutengo unovatendera kukwikwidza zvine mutsindo mumusika wesoftware. Mienzaniso yemakambani akadaro inogona kuonekwa .
Chiyero chikuru chekunzwisisa kana DevOps inodiwa: kukosha kwakadii zvigadzirwa zvako zveIT kune kambani nevatengi.
Kana chigadzirwa chikuru chekambani chinoburitsa purofiti iri software, unoda DevOps. Uye hazvina kukosha zvakanyanya kana iwe uchiwana mari chaiyo uchishandisa zvimwe zvigadzirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo zvitoro zvepamhepo kana nharembozha ine mitambo.
Chero mitambo iripo nekuda kwemari: yakananga kana isina kunanga kubva kuvatambi. PaPlaygendary, tinogadzira emahara mitambo yemafoni nevanhu vanopfuura mazana maviri vanobatanidzwa zvakananga mukugadzira kwavo. Isu tinoshandisa sei DevOps?
Hongu, zvakangofanana sezvatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Ndinogara ndichitaurirana nevagadziri uye vanoedza, uye ndinoitisa kudzidziswa kwemukati kwevashandi paDevOps maitiro uye maturusi.
Isu tave kushingaira kushandisa Jenkins seCI/CD mapaipi ekushandisa pakuita mapaipi ese egungano neKubatana uye kunotevera kuendeswa kuApp Store uye Play Market. Zvimwe kubva kune classic toolkit:
- Asana - yekutungamira kweprojekiti. Kubatanidzwa neJenkins kwakagadziriswa.
- Google Sangana - yemisangano yevhidhiyo.
- Slack - yekutaurirana uye dzakasiyana chenjedzo, kusanganisira zviziviso kubva kuJenkins.
- Atlassian Confluence - yezvinyorwa uye basa reboka.
Zvirongwa zvedu zvekukurumidza zvinosanganisira kuunza static kodhi yekuongorora uchishandisa SonarQube uye kuita otomatiki UI bvunzo uchishandisa Selenium painoenderera Kubatanidzwa nhanho.
Pane mhedziso
Ndinoda kupedzisa nepfungwa inotevera: kuve anonyatso kwanisa DevOps mainjiniya, zvakakosha kuti udzidze nzira yekutaurirana kurarama nevanhu.
Injiniya yeDevOps mutambi wechikwata. Uye hapana chimwe. Kutanga mukutaura nevaunoshanda navo kunofanira kubva kwaari, uye kwete pasi pesimba remamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Nyanzvi yeDevOps inofanirwa kuona uye kupa mhinduro yakanakisa yechikwata.
Uye hongu, kushandiswa kweimwe sarudzo kunoda hurukuro yakawanda, uye pakupedzisira inogona kuchinja zvachose. Kukudziridza kuzvimiririra, kupa mazano uye kushandisa mazano ake, munhu akadaro ndeyekuwedzera kukosha kune timu uye kumushandirwi. Izvo, pakupedzisira, zvinoratidzwa muhuwandu hwemubhadharo wake wepamwedzi kana nenzira yemamwe mabhonasi.
Source: www.habr.com