DevOps mainjiniya inyanzvi dzakasiyana siyana dzinoziva maitiro ekuita otomatiki uye kuziva mashandiro anoita vanogadzira, QA uye maneja. Vanoziva kuronga, nekukurumidza kugona maturusi akaoma uye havasi kurasika kana vatarisana nebasa rausina kujaira. Kune vashoma DevOps mainjiniya - vanoda kuvabhadhara 200-300 zviuru rubles, asi kuchine zvakawanda vacancies.
Dmitry Kuzmin anotsanangura zvinonyatsoitwa neDevOps uye kuti chii chaunofanira kudzidza kuti unyorere chigaro chakadaro. Bonus: zvakakosha zvinongedzo kumabhuku, mavhidhiyo, chiteshi uye nharaunda yehunyanzvi.
Chii chinoitwa naDevOps injiniya?
Mumamiriro ezvinhu eDevOps, zvakakosha kuti usakanganise mazwi. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti DevOps haisi nzvimbo chaiyo yekuita, asi inyanzvi yehuzivi. Iyo inzira inobatsira vanogadzira, vanoedza uye masisitimu manejimendi kushanda nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya kuburikidza ne otomatiki uye kusaita.
Saizvozvo, injinjini yeDevOps inyanzvi inoshandisa iyi nzira mukuita basa:
- Padanho rekuronga, injinjiniya yeDevOps inobatsira kusarudza kuti ndechipi chivakwa icho chishandiso chichashandisa, kuti chichakwira sei, uye sarudza orchestration system.
- Ipapo anomisa maseva, otomatiki kutarisa uye kurodha kodhi, uye kutarisa nharaunda.
- Inobva yaita otomatiki kuyedzwa uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ekutumira.
- Mushure mekusunungurwa, zvakakosha kuunganidza mhinduro kubva kuvashandisi uye kuita kuvandudzwa. DevOps inoita shuwa kuti vashandisi havaone kuvandudzwa uku uye maitiro ekuvandudza anoenderera.
- Uye panguva imwecheteyo, inogadzirisa akawanda ematambudziko anobatsira kuvandudza sisitimu yebasa yevagadziri, QA, vatariri vehurongwa nemaneja.
Zvese zvakanyorwa pamusoro zvinoitika mumapurojekiti ari pedyo neakanaka. Munyika chaiyo, iwe unofanirwa kutanga purojekiti uko kuronga kwakapotsa, chivakwa chaive chisina kunaka, uye wakatanga kufunga nezve otomatiki apo mapurojekiti ese akamira. Uye kunzwisisa matambudziko ese aya, kuagadzirisa uye kuita kuti zvese zvishande inyanzvi yakakosha yeDevOps nyanzvi.
Pane kuvhiringidzika mumusika wematarenda. Dzimwe nguva bhizinesi riri kutsvaga maDevOps mainjiniya echinzvimbo cheinjiniya, kuvaka mainjiniya, kana mumwe munhu. Mabasa anochinjawo zvichienderana nekukura kwekambani uye kutungamira - kumwe kwavanenge vachitsvaga munhu wekubvunza, kumwe kwavanokumbirwa kuti vagadzirise zvese, uye kumwe kunhu ivo vanofanirwa kuita mabasa epamberi emaneja system anoziva kuronga.
Zvaunoda kutanga mubasa
Kupinda basa kunoda kugadzirira kwekutanga. Iwe haugone kungotora makosi kubva kutanga, pasina kunzwisisa chero chinhu nezveIT, uye kudzidza kusvika junior level. Technical background inodiwa:
- Yakanakira kana ukashanda kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana kupfuura semaneja system, mashandiro kana nyanzvi yekuyedza. Kana kuti une pfungwa yekuti maapplication anotanga sei, munzvimbo ipi yaanogona kugadzira, uye zvekuita kana ukaona kukanganisa. Kana iwe usina ruzivo rwebasa, tora chero kosi paLinux manejimendi, uchidzokorora zvese zvinoitika pamushini wako wepamba.
- Nzwisisa mashandiro etiweki tekinoroji - dzidza kuisa, kugadzirisa uye kubata emunharaunda uye yakafara nharaunda network.
- Ona kuti sei uye kuti chirongwa chinoshanda sei - nyora zvinyorwa zvishoma muPython kana Go, edza kunzwisisa misimboti yeOOP (Object-Oriented Programming), verenga nezve general chigadzirwa kutenderera.
- Kuziva kwehunyanzvi Chirungu kuchave kunobatsira - hazvifanirwe kutaurirana pamisoro yemahara, zvakakwana kuti ugone kuverenga zvinyorwa uye interfaces.
Izvo hazvifanirwe kuziva zvese zvakanyorwa zvakadzama; kutanga kudzidza DevOps, yakaderera mwero yekudzidziswa yakakwana. Kana uine hunyanzvi hwakadaro, edza kunyoresa mumakosi.
Izvo DevOps Inofanira Kuziva
Akanaka DevOps mainjiniya inyanzvi yemhando dzakasiyana siyana ine maonero akafara kwazvo. Kuti ushande zvinobudirira, iwe uchafanirwa kunzwisisa akati wandei IT nzvimbo kamwechete.
Development
DevOps inonyora script inozobatsira vanogadzira kuisa kodhi pane server. Ichagadzira chirongwa chinoedza kupindura kwedatabase "pane nhunzi". Achanyora application yekudzora shanduro. Chekupedzisira, ingoona dambudziko ringangoitika rekuvandudza rinogona kuoneka pane server.
Nyanzvi yakasimba yeDevOps inoziva mitauro yakati wandei inokodzera otomatiki. Haazvinzwisisi zvakakwana, asi anogona kukurumidza kunyora purogiramu duku kana kuverenga kodhi yemumwe munhu. Kana usati wambosangana nebudiriro kare, tanga nePython - ine syntax iri nyore, zviri nyore kushanda nematekinoroji emakore, uye kune zvakawanda zvinyorwa uye maraibhurari.
Maitiro Ekushandisa
Izvo hazvigoneke kuziva zvese zvinogoneka zvega yega vhezheni system yega yega - iwe unogona kupedza zviuru zvemaawa pakudzidziswa kwakadaro uye hazvingabatsire. Pane kudaro, yakanaka DevOps inonzwisisa misimboti yekushanda pane chero OS. Kunyangwe, tichifunga nezve kutaurwa muvacancies, ruzhinji rwava kushanda muLinux.
Injiniya akanaka anonzwisisa kuti ndeipi sisitimu yakanakisa kuendesa purojekiti mukati, ndeapi maturusi ekushandisa, uye ndeapi zvikanganiso zvinogona kuoneka panguva yekuitwa kana kushanda.
Makore
Cloud tekinoroji musika paavhareji ne20-25% pagore - zvivakwa zvakadaro zvinokutendera kuti uite otomatiki mashandiro ekodhi yekuyedza, kuunganidza zvikumbiro kubva kuzvikamu, uye kuendesa zvigadziriso kune vashandisi. Iyo yakanaka DevOps inonzwisisa zvese zvizere gore uye mahybrid mhinduro.
Izvo zvinodikanwa zvemainjiniya zvinowanzo sanganisira GCP, AWS uye Azure.
Izvi zvinosanganisira hunyanzvi muCI/CD zvishandiso. Kazhinji, Jenkins inoshandiswa kuenderera mberi kubatanidzwa, asi analogues akakodzera kuedza. Kune akawanda acho, semuenzaniso Buddy, TeamCity uye Gitlab CI. Zvichabatsira kudzidza Terraform - chishandiso chinozivisa chinokubatsira iwe kure kuseta uye kugadzirisa zvivakwa mumakore. UYE Packer, inodiwa kuti ugadzire otomatiki maOs mifananidzo.
Orchestration systems uye microservices
Microservice architecture ine akawanda mabhenefiti - kugadzikana, kugona kuyera nekukurumidza, kurerutsa uye kushandisa zvakare. DevOps inonzwisisa mashandiro anoita mamicroservices uye anogona kutarisira matambudziko anogona kuitika.
Anonyatsoziva Docker naKubernetes. Inonzwisisa kuti midziyo inoshanda sei, maitiro ekuvaka sisitimu kuitira kuti iwe ugone kudzima mamwe acho pasina mhedzisiro yehurongwa hwese hwakazara. Semuenzaniso, anogona kuvaka Kubernetes cluster achishandisa Ansible
Chii chimwe chinofanira kuyedza DevOps mune ramangwana?
Rondedzero yezvishandiso zvinogona kubatsira kune DevOps injiniya haiperi. Vamwe vanoshanda pakurongeka kweprojekiti, vamwe vanopedza yakawanda yenguva yavo otomatiki kutumira uye kuyedza, uye vamwe vanovandudza mashandiro mukugadzirisa manejimendi. Mukuita izvi, zvichava pachena kuti kuchera kupi uye ndeapi mapurojekiti achabatsira.
Heino humwe hudiki hudiki huchabatsira pakutanga:
- Nzwisisa mashandiro anoita Git neGithub kana usati watoita. Isa GitLab pane yako server.
- Jaira neJSON uye YAML markup mitauro.
- Isa uye edza kushanda mumadhatabhesi - kwete MySQL chete, asiwo NoSQL. Edza MongoDB.
- Nzwisisa maitiro ekugadzirisa magadzirirwo emaseva akawanda panguva imwe chete. Somuenzaniso, kushandisa Ansible.
- Gadzirisa mutoro wekutarisa uye matanda ipapo ipapo. Edza iyo Prometheus, Grafana, Alertmanager musanganiswa.
- Tsvaga mhinduro dzakanakisa dzekutumira mitauro yakasiyana - iwe unongoda kujairana, kuita uye kuzvinzwisisa pane yekudzidziswa kana kushanda chirongwa.
Nei uchifanira kutanga kudzidza DevOps izvozvi
Pane kushomeka kwevashandi mumusika weDevOps mainjiniya. Izvi zvinotsigirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu nehuwandu uye kunaka kwezvinzvimbo:
- MuRussia, paHeadHunter chete, anopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemabasa zvinogara zviripo kune iri kiyi izwi.
- Uye vanhu 1 chete vakatumira zvinyorwa zvavo.
Tichifunga kuti kutumira resume hakureve kushingaira kutsvaga basa, zvinoitika kuti kune imwe nyanzvi kune maviri kana matatu vacancy - aya mamiriro haapo kunyangwe mumusika unozivikanwa wewebhu. Wedzera pano mamwe mabasa kubva kuHabr neTeregiramu chiteshi - kushomeka kwenyanzvi kwakakura.
Ngwarira kune zvinodiwa muhoro wevanonyorera
DevOps haina kuderera mukudiwa munyika - kana iwe uchizotamira kuUSA kana Europe, ipapo chete pane portal. Makambani anopfuura zviuru makumi matatu nemana ari kutsvaga nyanzvi dzakadai. Zvinowanzodiwa zvinosanganisira 34-1 makore echiitiko, kugona kushanda nemakore, uye usatya kubvunza mabasa.
Pane kakawanda mashoma anopihwa emahara - mainjiniya eDevOps ari kunyanya kutsvaga vashandi uye zvinzvimbo zvenguva yakazara.
Kutsvaga purojekiti yakakodzera yemahara kwakaoma, asi zvinogoneka
Iyo yakajairika basa nzira yeinjiniya yeDevOps inogona kufungidzira chimwe chinhu chakadai:
- Anga achishanda semutongi wehurongwa mukambani diki yeIT kwemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika pagore. Panguva imwecheteyo, anodzidza mutauro wakakodzera automation.
- Anodzidza zvakasimba pamakosi kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu.
- Kutamira kune rimwe basa - kune kambani inotengesa cloud solutions, bazi rekambani huru, kune vanogadzira mapurogiramu makuru. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, pane kudikanwa kwekugara otomatiki uye kuita. Panzvimbo yekutanga inenge 100 zviuru rubles.
- Ave achishanda nesimba uye achidzidza kwemakore akati wandei, achiwedzera mari yake kakawanda.
- Inova nyanzvi munharaunda yehunyanzvi uye inofamba mukubvunzana. Kana inokura kuva system architect kana IT director.
DevOps yakaoma. Iwe unofanirwa kusanganisa hunyanzvi hweakawanda maprofessionals kamwechete. Iva munhu akagadzirira kupa kuvandudzwa uko dzimwe nyanzvi dzeIT dzisingatombofungi nezve chimwe chinhu. Vanobhadhara zvakawanda nokuda kweizvi, asi vanodawo ruzivo rwakakura.
Yakawanda sei iyo DevOps inowana?
Zvinoenderana nedata rechikamu chechipiri chegore ra2019, muhoro wepakati wepakati we devops uri pakati pe90 ne160 zviuru rubles. Kune zvakachipa zvinopihwa - kazhinji 60-70 zviuru.
Kune zvinogara zvichipihwa kusvika ku200 zviuru, uye kune vacancies vane mihoro inosvika 330 zviuru rubles.
Pakati pevashandi vekushanda, DevOps inobhadharwa zvakanyanya kupfuura vamwe. Kwakabva:
DevOps mainjiniya, kusanganisira vanotanga, vava kudiwa mumabhanga makuru, makambani, masevhisi emakore, masisitimu ekutengesa uye mamwe masangano ane hanya nekuchengetedza mhinduro dzeIT.
Mumiriri akanaka kwazvo wejunior vacancy ane muhoro we60-90 zviuru angave ari wekutanga sisitimu maneja ane rinenge gore reruzivo uye diploma rakasarudzika.
Iko hakuna manhamba akadaro, asi zvinoita sekunge vanhu vane ruzivo muLinux vanobhadharwa zvakanyanya
Zvekuona nekuverenga kuti ukure mubasa rako
Kunyura munyika yeDevOps, edza akati wandei ruzivo:
- [YouTube, ENG] - akawanda mavhidhiyo kubva kumisangano uye edzidzo webinars.
- [YouTube, RUS] - mishumo yevhidhiyo kubva kumusangano weDevOps muRussia.
- [bhuku, RUS] nderimwe remabhuku anonyanya kufarirwa nezveDevOps philosophy. Iri bhuku rine misimboti yemaitiro; rinotaurira chekuteerera kune chekutanga pane zvese kana uchishanda pane chero chirongwa.
- [bhuku, RUS] - yakawanda dzidziso uye misimboti nezve magadzirirwo ehurongwa hwehurongwa.
- [bhuku, ENG] - wongororo yevhiki nevhiki yenhau nezve zviri kuitika muDevOps kutenderera pasirese.
- [Teregiramu, RUS] - nhau dzeindasitiri, zviziviso zvemusangano, zvinongedzo kune zvitsva zvinonakidza zvinyorwa uye mabhuku.
- [Teregiramu, RUS] - ChiRussian-mutauro wekutaura kwaunogona kukumbira zano uye kukumbira rubatsiro nemagadzirirwo.
- Devops.com inzvimbo yakakura yepasirese ine zvinyorwa, webinars, podcasts uye makoramu kubva kumakambani makuru muindastiri.
- -Nharaunda inotaura chiRussia yeDevOps mainjiniya uye vanonzwira tsitsi.
- Mabhuku akanakisa emutauro wauchashandisa kusimudzira.
Kupi kudzidza DevOps
Unogona kuwana ruzivo rwakarongeka pachikoro "" mu Netology. Iwe unozodzidza kutenderera kwakazara kwemethodiology:
- Dzidza maitiro ekuongorora kodhi uye nekukurumidza kushandisa shanduro yekudzora maturusi.
- Nzwisisa maitiro akanakisa ekuenderera mberi kwekubatanidza, kuyedzwa uye kuvaka.
- Dzidza kubata uye otomatiki shanduko yekushandisa.
- Wana maoko-on nekugadzirisa uye manejimendi maturusi.
- Jaira kusarudza nekukurumidza uye kugadzirisa masevhisi anodiwa ekutarisa.
Tora kosi yePython programming sebhonasi - unogadzirisa matambudziko nekukurumidza uye nyore. Zvese zvinoshanda - isu tinoshandisa AWS, GCP kana Azure.
Izvi zvakakwana kushandura injinjiniya kana system maneja kuti ive inotsvakwa-kumashure maDevOps uye nekufadza kusimudza mutengo wako weti pamusika wevashandi.
Source: www.habr.com