Decryption:
Azat Khadiev: Mhoro. Ini ndinonzi Azat Khadiev. Ini ndiri mugadziri wePaaS weMail.ru Cloud Solutions. Aneni pano ndiPavel Selivanov anobva kuSouthbridge. Isu tiri kumusangano weDevOpsDays. Iye achapa hurukuro pano pamusoro pekuti iwe unogona sei kuvaka DevOps neKubernetes, asi kazhinji iwe haungabudiriri. Nei nyaya yakashata kudaro?
Pavel Selivanov: Hazvina kusuruvara. Zviri pamusoro pekuti tiri kuedza kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda munharaunda yedu nerubatsiro rwe teknolojia. Uye isu tiri kuyedza kugadzirisa zvinhu nerubatsiro rwetekinoroji nenzira ine divi rimwe chete. Kubenetes akafanana - ichi ndicho chinhu chavanotarisira, mumwe angati Ops. Asi isu tine pfungwa huru yeDevOps injiniya. Injiniya yeDevOps ine basa reKubernetes. Panguva imwecheteyo ... Sezvaunoita Kubernetes, asi vaDev vakomana havazivi nezvese izvi Kubernetes zvachose, havazivi izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti uite - uye zvese zvinorarama zvakafanana kwavari. Uye izvi zvakadaro kunyangwe hazvo Kubernetes ine yakagadzirira-yakagadziriswa mhinduro, yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa maturusi kuitira kushandisa iyi tekinoroji kutambanudza iyi DevOps nzira, kutaurirana pakati peDev neOps. Isu tinoshandisa mukana uyu zvishoma. Nekuda kwekuti isu tiri kutoendesa zvimiro zvazvino kune ese maDevOps maturusi - Docker, Kubernetes, makore uye zvichingodaro - isu tiri kuwedzera mamiriro ezvinhu aya zvakanyanya. Uye isu tinotanga kushandisa maturusi akasiyana pane zvavakanga vaitirwa. Uye chete madondoro anotyisa ari kuvakwa kutenderedza ese aya matekinoroji.
Azat Khadiev: Ndiri kuona. Inonzwa sehurukuro yakafara. Iwe unofunga kuti chii chinonyanyozivikanwa nemakambani ane dambudziko izvozvi? With Kubernetes.
Pavel Selivanov: Dambudziko rinowanzoitika neKubernetes kushaikwa kwehunyanzvi. Iri idambudziko rinowanzoitika muIT. Pane nguva dzose kushomeka kwenyanzvi. Pane nguva dzose kushaya unyanzvi. Uye zvino neKubernetes hapana hunyanzvi hwakakwana. Uye panguva imwe chete, kuchine zana-yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa mhinduro pamusika izvo zvinokutendera iwe kuti uwane Kubernetes, asi panguva imwecheteyo usina hunyanzvi hunodiwa; pane kutaura chokwadi vashoma vavo pamusika. Uye izvo zviripo, zvese zvinomutsa mimwe mibvunzo. NaKubernetes, isu tinogara tichitsvaga vanhu vanonzwisisa izvi. Tiri kuedza kugadzirisa budiriro kune iyi.
Azat Khadiev: Uye nekupihwa kushomeka kwazvino kwevashandi muIT. Izvo zvagara zviripo. Uye ikozvino pane. Iwe unofunga sei kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu aya? Ndeapi ma hacks ehupenyu aripo?
Pavel Selivanov: Lifehacks. Chekutanga, kubva pakuona kwemakore, iyo yehupenyu hack inotaridzika seizvi - ngatitipei humwe hunyanzvi hwako. Uye tichazvitora isu. Uye tichaita izvi mukati medu. Uye izvozvo zvose zvakanaka. Kunze kwekuti zvakakosha kunzwisisa kune avo vanoishandisa ... Chaizvoizvo nguva huru ... Asi zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kana tikapa chikamu cheunyanzvi hwedu pane imwe nzvimbo kune gore kana mupi, tinowana mhinduro yepasi rose mukudzoka. . Kutaura zvazviri, isu tine dhatabhesi inoita zvinhu chaizvo, uye yakagadziridzwa nenzira chaiyo. Nekupa iyi dhatabhesi kune gore, isu, hongu, tinogona kupisa maneja aiwanzobata nemasumbu e database - iyo imwechete Amazon kana Google ichatiitira izvi. Asi panguva imwe chete, Amazon kana Google haizotibvumiri kuti tinyatsogadzirisa database yedu. Zvirongwa zvakakura, makambani makuru - chero zvipi zvacho, vanosvika padanho rekuti pane imwe nhanho yehupenyu hwavo vanoshandisa cloud solutions, uyezve, chero zvazvingava, vanodzokera kunotora hunyanzvi kudzoka kwavari, nekuti chimwe chinhu chakanyanya kudiwa chinodiwa. .
Azat Khadiev: Mhinduro dzepasirese dzakaipa here kana kuti dzinogona kuvakwa pahwaro hwadzo?
Pavel Selivanov: Kwete, zvigadziriso zvepasi rose hazvina kushata. Universal mhinduro dzakanaka. Just universal solutions... universal. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa pano. Zvakafanana nekutora script yakajairwa ... Kana iwe ukakwanisa kuvaka iyo logic yese yebasa rekambani kutenderedza iyi yakajairika script, yakajairika application, saka izvo zvinotonhorera. Uye kana pfungwa yebasa iri yakasiyana, asi iwe unotora iyi mhinduro yepasi rose, script yepasi rose - uye kutanga, sezizi, kudhonza pasi rose, izvi zvakaipa. Uye hapana chakaipa neuniversalism pachayo.
Azat Khadiev: Kana uyu admin ari kutokushandira iwe, poindi haisi mukudzingwa kwake. Achangokwanisa kuita zvakawanda.
Pavel Selivanov: Hongu, bvisa maitiro kubva kwaari uye uvape kune imwe nzvimbo kune mumwe munhu kuti aitwe pane imwe nzvimbo ikoko. Zvechokwadi iyi inzira yakanaka. Chinhu chakakosha apa ndechekuti iyi chiyero mhinduro yakakodzera imwe nyaya.
Azat Khadiev: Kubva pane zvakaitika kwandiri, ndinoona kuti makambani mazhinji ari kuita chinhu chimwe chete. Ivo vari kumisikidza Kubernetes cluster uye kufunga nezve kuyera. Uye mabasa ese aya anodzokororwa zvakanyanya.
Pavel Selivanov: Hongu, zvechokwadi. Uyezve, kana tikatora Kubernetes zvakananga, pane pfungwa yekuti pane zvishoma zvakadzama, ruzivo rwakanaka paKubernetes pamusika izvozvi. Uye Kubernetes muvaki akakura zvekuti kana ukahaya kambani, gadzirira kutora mainjiniya achaita zvese izvi nguva yakazara. Uye inodhura. Uye edza kutsvaga injiniya akadaro zvakare. Kana ndikataura nezvangu, ini handidi chero zvigadziriso zvemakore, nekuti ndine nzwisiso yakanaka uye yakadzama yemashandisiro anoita Kubernetes. Uye kazhinji mumakore ndinongoshaya mamwe maitiro andinokumbira - asi vanondiudza "Kwete, haugone." Zvakanaka, kana zvakadaro, ndine urombo, asi ndinogona kuita zvirinani pane Cloud. Asi panguva imwe chete, kana iwe usina injiniya wenguva yakazara, haudi kubhadhara injiniya uyu anomhanya Kubernetes, uye unogara uchimubhadhara mari yakawanda kuti aedze chete, saka gore rakangodaro. yakanaka, mhinduro yakanaka. Nekuti pane vakomana vakagara ipapo vakatotsvaga. Uye vanoziva zvavanoita. Uye izvo zvakakosha zvinhu zvaunoda zuva nezuva zviripo.
Azat Khadiev: Unofungei nezve mamiriro azvino eKubernetes? Chii chichaitika kwaari mumakore mashanu uye gumi?
Pavel Selivanov: Mubvunzo wakanaka. Ini ndinongoziva zviri kuitika munharaunda yedu pamusoro peizvi. Vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti hapana chasara kunze kweKubernetes. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaitika neLinux nguva refu yapfuura. Kureva, kunze kweLinux kune vanhu vanogara paBSD, vangangove vane mabasa chaiwo. Kune vanhu vanoshanda pasi peWindows - Windows maseva - kazhinji, ivo vanewo mabasa chaiwo, kana vanongove nehunyanzvi mune iyi nyaya uye havana kugadzirira kubva ipapo. Chero zvazvingava, chiyero mumunda wedu Linux. Pane fungidziro yekuti Kubernetes ichave yakafanana de facto chiyero, uye hapazovi nechinhu kunze kweKubernetes. Kubernetes haizongobata kwete chete zvikumbiro, kuendesa kwavo, kutumira, uye kuyera. Muzhinji, gadzirisa zvese. Ikozvino vave kutobvunza kuti: "Zvinoita here kusundira dhatabhesi muKubernetes?" Ini ndinowanzo taura kuti nyaya iri pano haisi muKubernetes, asi muDocker. Kana iwe wakagadzirira dhatabhesi rako kuti rishande mumidziyo, aya ndiwo mashandire aachaita. Vanondipindura kuti: βAiwa, aiwa, aiwa, mira. Hapana kudiwa kwemidziyo. Inoda Kubernetes. Isu tinoibatanidza pane node. Kureva kuti, zvese zvichave sezvatinazvo izvozvi, Kubernetes chete ndiye achazvigadzirisa zvese. " Uye iyi ipfungwa yakanaka. Kureva kuti, Kubernetes chinhu chakadaro kana iwe uchikwanisa kuuya kukambani, kana kambani ine Kubernetes uye maitiro akavakirwa pairi, zvino munhu anonzwisisa izvi - anongoda kuzvitarisa kwemazuva mashoma kuti ati: " Ndakagadzirira kukutsigira. Zvizere. Zvakakwana. Ndinonzwisisa kuti zvinhu zvinokufambira sei.β Mukupesana nemaitiro asina Kubernetes - apa mamwe madondoro akasundidzirwa mukati, apa mamwe madondoro. Ansible pano, Terraform pano. Mumwe munhu akanyora zvese izvi, uye zvinotora mwedzi mitanhatu kuti azvione. Here. Saka kana Kubernetes achizove de facto chiyero, ini handizive. Nhasi, anotarisa zvakanyanya kuda uye ane chivimbo kupfuura mhinduro dziripo dzakamupoteredza.
Azat Khadiev: Zvakanaka, kuenzanisa neLinux kwakashinga. Inoshanda pamushini mumwe - ndizvo chete. Uye Kubernetes anoshanda pamichina yakawanda. Mamirioni akasiyana uye zvikonzero zvinomuka pakarepo. Hongu, yakashinga. Just kana iwe uchifunga kuti kune vakwikwidzi kune iyi paradigm. Somuenzaniso, Serverless. Kubernetes ari munjodzi nevakwikwidzi vakadaro?
Pavel Selivanov: Kubva kuServerless ... (kuseka) Serverless - isu tichiri kunzwisisa kuti kune maseva shure kwezvose. Nguva pfupi yadarika ndakanzwa mushumo wenyaya iyi. Ikoko munhu akataura kuti kuchine maseva - uye iri igore. Asi isu tinofanira kugara tichinzwisisa kuti gore zvakare rine maseva. Kune chaiwo maseva ehardware, rack, uye anoiswa kumwe kunhu. Iri ndiro gore. Pamusoro peizvi pane Serverless, uko kune "kwete" maseva. Saka mubvunzo ndewekuti: Serverless ichakunda Kubernetes here? Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti Serverless ichaenda kuKubernetes. Kune vanopa vanopa Serverless, Kubernetes ipuratifomu iri nyore kwazvo kupa izvi. Ehe, pamwe pane imwe nguva isu tichamira kutaura nezve Kubernetes mumusimboti, senge nezve zvakajairwa kusimudzira kwebhizinesi application. Asi pane imwe nzvimbo pakadzika, vanopa uye mainjiniya vachave neKubernetes, uko zvese izvi zvichaitwa.
Azat Khadiev: Chinyorwa chakasiyana zvishoma. Pane chinhu chakadai seakazara-stack injiniya. Unofungei nezvavo? Dziripo here?
Pavel Selivanov: Um ... Fullstack engineer ... Zvakanaka, zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pezvinhu izvi izvo ... Unoziva, kune chinhu chakadai sevanhu vane T-shaped. Vanhu vakadaro vanodiwa here muindasitiri yanhasi? Hongu, tinochida zvechokwadi. Tinoda vanhu vane maonero akasiyana, asi panguva imwechete ivo inyanzvi mune imwe nzvimbo yakamanikana. Uye pano iyo Fullstack injiniya yakafanana - munhu anoita zvese. Kutanga kubva kumberi-kumagumo kusimudzira, kuyedza, kumashure-kumagumo, maseva nezvimwe zvese. Ini handitendi kuti mukambani hombe munhu mumwe chete anogona kuita izvi pasina kuve nehunyanzvi hwakatetepa mune yega yega paramita. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, kungova nehunyanzvi hwakatetepa, sezviri kuitika kune izvi, ini hapana chandinoziva - izvi zvakare hazvishande munyika yanhasi. Ndiko kuti, pano ndingati ... ndaizorasa izwi rekuti Fullstack. Tinoda mainjiniya chaizvo. Tinoda DevOps. Ndine manzwiro ekuti tichafunga zvakare nguva ino munguva pfupi. Uye havazodiwi.
Azat Khadiev: Unogona kuburitsa?
Pavel Selivanov: Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti isu muindasitiri tichauya kumhedziso yekuti aya mabasa eDev uye Ops achakurumidza kupera. Kana isu tichida nyanzvi uye isu tiri kuvhima ... Tinoda akadaro uye akadaro mugadziri, tinoda vakadaro uye vakadaro vatungamiri, tinoda mainjiniya eDevOps - iye zvino tava nawo, iye zvino tichavawo nevanjiniya vekugadzira, SRE mainjiniya. Kunyangwe hazvo, zvatinoda mainjiniya atinoda kuhaya. Kumashure hakuna kukosha. Nokuti ... Semuyenzaniso, SRE inotaura kuti matambudziko ezvivakwa anogara ari matambudziko esoftware. Saka ... Ngatitorei vagadziri - kubva pakuona kuti mugadziri injiniya - aise mudhipatimendi rekuchengetedza uye ivo vachagadzirisa matambudziko aya nenzira imwechete sezvavanogadzirisa matambudziko ebhizimisi nerubatsiro rwekodhi, nerubatsiro. zve engineering zvakadaro.
Azat Khadiev: Uye kubva pane iyi maonero ... Nzira yekubvunzurudza mainjiniya akadaro?
Pavel Selivanov: O, mubvunzo wakanaka. Anenge atopfuura zvandinonzwisisa muhupenyu huno. Asi ndaizongopa muenzaniso. Hazvinei nechokuita nebvunzurudzo. Izvi zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwedu hwedzidzo muRussia. MuIT, tinoziva kuti hurongwa hwedu hwedzidzo muRussia hwakasakara kune iyo IT nyika, handizvo zvayaifanira kunge iri. Ndiri kutaura paavhareji nezveRussia yakakura - uye zviri kuitika ikoko. Vanhu vari kupedza kudzidza avo vasina kugadzirira kuenda mukuvandudza webhu kana kambani yetekinoroji zuva rinotevera mushure mekupedza kudzidza. Uye zvakaipa. Isu tinovadzidzisa zvimwe zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike, kunyangwe isu tichifanira kunge tichivadzidzisa magadzirirwo eApple, iOS, mashandisiro eGit uye zvese izvi zvinhu. Muchokwadi, zvinoita sekunge kwete. Koreji inguva iyo vabereki vako vanokubhadharira zvakanyanya. Kwehupenyu hwako hwese. Uye iwe unogona kupa makore mashanu ehupenyu hwako kudzidza zvakadzama. Uye dzidza zvese izvi zvakaumbwa neT. Paunokwanisa kudzidza kuInstitute kuti chii vhezheni yekudzora system, ndeapi maitiro ekuvandudza aripo, maitiro ekuyedza chinhu chose, ndeapi marudzi emadhatabhesi uye mabharani aripo. Uye paunoenda kubasa, unotanga kunyura zvakadzama mune imwe nzvimbo. Uye iyi ndiyo nzira yatinowana mainjiniya. Uye sisitimu yedu yedzidzo muRussia iri padyo neichi chokwadi kupfuura zvatinofunga. Isu tinopihwa kudzidziswa kwakanaka kwemasvomhu, isu tinopihwa yakanaka algorithmic kudzidziswa, isu tinopihwa kumwe kunzwisisa kwemitauro yekuronga. Uye pamusoro pebvunzurudzo, inoratidzika kwandiri chimwe chinhu chiri pedyo neizvi. Tinofanira kubvunzurudza mainjiniya. Tinoda kumusoro kweT kune T-yakaumbwa. Nekuti ichawana mutsara wakatwasuka wetsamba T.
Azat Khadiev: Hongu, zvinonakidza. Makore mashanu pashure pekoreji, zvakaratidzika kwandiri kuti dzidzo yangu yakanga iri yechienzi uye isina kukwana. Uye zvino, sezvo basa raifambira mberi, apo mabasa akadzama, mapurojekiti akava makuru, ndakaona kuti aiwa, ndakadzidziswa zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru. Pavel, ndatenda. Zvainakidza chaizvo kuteerera mhinduro dzako. Ngatinzwei mushumo wenyu.
Pavel Selivanov: Ndatenda.
Source: www.habr.com