Rega nditange nekutaura kuti ini handisi anti-vaxxer zvachose, zvakapesana. Asi jekiseni rakasiyana nejekiseni, kunyanya iye zvino uye nekurwisa utachiona hunozivikanwa. Saka, chii chatinacho nhasi?
Gamaleevsky Sputnik V. Mushonga unonakidza uye wazvino uno, mushonga wemajini chete muchimiro chayo chakachena chiri mberi. Hazvishamisi kuti kuedza kwakawanda, nguva nemari zvakaiswa pano. Ndiro chete rinogoneka munyika yedu. Mabhenefiti ayo aripachena: yakanyanya immune immune mhinduro (mukuwedzera kune masoja ekudzivirira chirwere, isu tine cellular immune system) ine mashoma emhedzisiro. Asi pane nuance iyo, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, inotaurwa nezvayo zvikuru, zvishoma, uye zvechokwadi kwete munhau, asi mune nyanzvi dzezvokurapa. Zvino ndichatsanangura zvandiri kutaura nezvazvo.
Iyi jekiseni ndeye genetically modified adenovirus, kana kuti maviri neutralized adenoviruses (serotypes 5 uye 26), ayo anopinzwa mumuviri nenguva yemavhiki matatu. Iyo coronavirus spike protein gene inovakwa mune yega genome. Zvikurukuru, iyi βmichinaβ ine basa rekuendesa βmutyairiβ akakosha kwairi kuenda. Uye ipapo zvese zvinoenda semasikirwo akarongwa: iyo adenovirus inoburitsa iyo coronavirus gene mumaseru, inoburitsa ipapo uye inotanga kuburitsa ese "vafambi" mapuroteni uye ayo. Zvidimbu zvemapuroteni aya zvinoratidzwa nesero rine hutachiona, nekudaro kudzidzisa T-lymphocytes. Mushure mokunge "factory cell" yaparadzwa, mapuroteni ehutachiona (kureva mapuroteni, uye kwete virions akagadzirira kutapudza masero matsva, sechirwere) anopinda muropa, nokudaro achikurudzira kugadzirwa kwezvirwere. Hazvibviri kurwara, kusadzivirirwa kunoumbwa, uye zvese zvinoita kunge zvakanaka. Asi mhedzisiro yejekiseni iyi kuvandudzwa kwemhinduro yekudzivirira kune adenoviral zvikamu zvevector pachazvo. Somugumisiro wekudzokororwa kwesumo, "motokari ine mutakuri" haizove nenguva yekusvika muchitokisi, asi ichaparadzwa pakarepo nehutachiona hunoumbwa semugumisiro we "kuziva" kwekare. Zvinoitika kuti Satellite V inogona kushandiswa kamwe chete. Uye izvi hazvina kuzara chete nenyaya yekuti vaccine haichagone kushandiswa kune chinangwa chayo - simba rekudzivirira kukoronavirus harisati razivikanwa kune chero munhu, uye zvinoita sekunge kune zviitiko zvehutachiona hunodzokororwa, asi vashoma. Kurambidzwa kwehupenyu hwese pane chero angangoita adenovector gene therapy, kusanganisira kurapwa kweoncology inogona kudiwa mune ramangwana, inotyisa. Zvese izvi zvave kuvandudzwa, uye mushure me "kuyedzwa kukuru-kuru", zvinhu zvichaenda nekukurumidza. Asi zvakare, kurapwa uku kunogona kana kusabatsira, asi kusadzivirirwa kuhutachiona kunodiwa nhasi. Nokudaro, pano munhu wose anozvisarudzira izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kwavari. Mushonga wacho wakazova wakanaka, waingoitira vakwegura. Asi kudai ndakanga ndiri vanhu vaduku (vane mikana yose yokushandisa kurapa kwemajini munguva yemberi), ndaizofunga kaviri nezvazvo.
Ndakanzwa nezvekuvandudzwa kweshanduro yeSputnik-Lite, kune avo vanodzivirira (chifananidzo) chekudzivirira. Ichi chichava chekudzivirira chechikamu chimwe chete chakagadzirwa kubva pane imwechete serotype. Iyi sarudzo yakanaka, asi kuburitswa kwayo hakuna kurongwa kusvika Zvita 2021.
Mamwe majekiseni maviri ekuRussia: EpiVacCorona kubva kuVector centre (yakagadzirwa kubva kumapuroteni emavhairasi) nejekiseni rese revirion kubva kuChumakov centre (rakagadzirwa nehutachiona hwese) vatove munzira. Ose ari maviri akaitwa nzira yechinyakare. Pane pfungwa yekuti nekuda kweichi chikonzero ivo vakatongerwa kukundikana, uye zvakare nekuti ivo havaite T-cell immunity, iyo isiri inotonhorera nhasi. Iye zvino zvishoma nezvemumwe nomumwe, sezvo zvakawanda pamusoro pavo zvisati zvazivikanwa. Sezviri pachena PR yavo ndeye-saka, kana kuti zvimwe inongova chakavanzika chemauto.
Mushonga weChumakov whole-virion vaccine ndeyemhando yepamusoro, rudzi rwevanhu rwakakura narwo. Pano, hutachiona hwese hunoshandiswa, hunoumba hutachiona hwakavimbika, sezvo hunopa seti yakakwana yeantigens. Asi hutachiona hwakafa, saka maitiro ekudzivirira muviri achange ari antibody chete, asi ichava nesimba, uye maitiro acho achava akasimba. Zvakanyanya kuomarara, asi panguva yedenda rakakodzera, kunyanya kune vane hutano, vane shungu uye vakashinga. Pahupfumi hwese hwesarudzo, ndingachida nekuda kweiyo nzira inonzwisisika yekuumbwa kwekudzivirira. Asi ikozvino zviri mupfungwa chete. Haisati yave nezita. Asi kugadzirwa kukuru kwakarongwa munaKurume. Mira uone.
Mushonga wechitatu wekuRussia wekudzivirira EpiVacCorona kubva kuVector centre. Iyo haina biological chikamu chehutachiona zvachose, asi chete mapuroteni ayo akagadzirwa, kuitira kuti tisamanikidze maseru edu kushanda uye kunetsa zvachose. Iyo jekiseni yakapfava, isina mhedzisiro, asiwo isina yakanaka immunogenicity. Majekiseni ePeptide anogadzira hutachiona hwekugara kwenguva refu, hunogara husati hwagadzirwa. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti uwedzere maitiro ekudzivirira zvirwere, adjuvants anoshandiswa mavari. Heino aluminium hydroxide. Handizivi kana izvi zvakanaka kana zvakaipa, asi zvinotendwa kuti zvishoma "zvigadzirwa" mujekiseni, zviri nani. Asi neVector vaccine, kusiyana neSputnik V, zvinokwanisika kubaya nhamba isingaperi yevanhu. Yakaedzwawo kune vakwegura (65+) nevana (14-17), pamwe chete nevanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaperi. Vari kuedza kupatsanura pie. Nezvevana, ndinobvuma, asi maererano nevanhu vakuru, handina chokwadi. Ivo zvino vanoda nekukurumidza RELIABLE dziviriro. Mushonga uyu waifanirwa kutanga kushandiswa kutanga kwegore. Hameno kana yave kutowanikwa kune imwe nzvimbo?
Zvakanaka, uye majekiseni makuru ekunze, taizovepi pasina iwo? Yakagadzirwa pahwaro hweadenovector tekinoroji: Chinese CanSino Biological. Yakagadzirwa kubva ku5th serotype yeadenovirus, iyo inonyanya kuwanda muhuwandu hwevanhu. Zvinotendwa kuti 30% yevanhu vatove nekudzivirirwa kwairi, saka vaccine haizonyatsoshanda kwavari. American Johnson & Johnson - zvichibva pane serotype 26. Iyi strain haina kuwanda, asi pachine mukana. Naizvozvo, Sputnik akatora mapuratifomu ese kamwechete, kungoita chokwadi! Mushonga wekudzivirira weBritish-Swedish AstraZeneca/oxford. Parizvino ndiyo yakanyanya kuodha pasi rose. Anenge mabhiriyoni matatu emadhora akatorairwa. Inogadzirwa pahwaro hwechimpanzee adenovirus. Izvi, hongu, zvinopa 3% vimbiso yekuti immune system yemunhu haina kumbosangana nehutachiona hwakadaro uye haichazosangana nayo zvakare, asi zoovirus pakaitika shanduko inogona kuburitsa zvisingatarisirwi mhedzisiro mumuviri wemunhu, iyo pachayo. neimwe nzira inotyisa.
Mafambiro maviri epasirese akaitwa zvichibva pane mRNA tekinoroji: Pfizer BioNTech uye Moderna. Iyi inzira nyowani, iyo panguva ino ingori iyo yepamusoro ye pharmacology. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, hapana mRNA yekudzivirira yaivepo. Iyo tekinoroji yakati fananei nevector tekinoroji, asi yakasiyana. Iko hakuna chechitatu-bato rehutachiona chikamu, uye "muchina" ndeye yakasikwa lipid nanoparticle, iyo inopinda zviri nyore mu membrane dzemasero edu, uye "mupfuuri" ijini rimwe chete kana mRNA inokodha coronavirus spike protein. Muchiitiko ichi, masero inopinda mRNA haaparadzwi, uye puroteni inongobuda yakadzikama, ichigadzira yakanaka T-cell uye antibody immunity. Zvose zvinoratidzika kunge zvakanaka, asi zvakare pane nuances. Chekutanga, inonzi polyethylene glycol, inoshandiswa kudzikamisa mRNA pamwe chete nekudziya kwakaderera (kusvika -70), iyo pachayo inokonzeresa uye inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya, kusanganisira anaphylactic shock. Uye chechipiri, idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzisingatarisirwi dze "mufambi" wedu. Uye kana iyo yakasikwa tarisiro yeadenovirus ari chaiwo maseru, kazhinji maseru ekumusoro ekufema turakiti, uko iyo coronavirus gene inounzwa mune adenovector vaccine, ipapo iyo iyo coronavirus mRNA ichaunzwa ne lipid nanoparticles - Mwari chete ndiye anoziva. Uye izvi zvinogona kuva nzvimbo dzakasiyana zvachose apo vachazofanirawo kushanda: mitsipa yeropa, majoini, tsinga, etc. Migumisiro yemigumisiro inotozivikanwa nenzira yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dze autoimmune, kupera kwechinguva, etc. Iwe haufaniri kutarisa kure. , Internet yose yakazara nemigumisiro kubva kuPfizer. Asi vaccine haina kubviswa kubva kushandiswa. Saka zvakadini kana ukafamba-famba zvishoma nechiso chakashata? Izvi hazvina kuenzaniswa neyakaomarara nzira yeCovid, handiti? Asi ma antibodies ku "muchina" uyu haabudiswi, asi chete kune "mufambi". Kazhinji, pane chimwe chinhu chokufunga nezvazvo.
Mushonga wekuAmerica weNovavax unogadzirwa zvichibva pamapuroteni anosanganisirwa. Mushonga uyu une nhamba yechipiri yepamusoro-soro yemadosi akarongerwa pasi rose. Saka zvakavanzika zvake ndezvipi? Uye mune imwe yakasarudzika tekinoroji ye "kuunganidza" recombinant mapuroteni mune nanoparticles, nekuda kweiyo immunogenicity yeprotein inowedzera, uye zvakare mune yekutanga adjuvant Matrix-M. Zvakanaka, ndizvo zvese ikozvino.
Sinovac mumwe mushonga wakagadzirwa neChina. Iyo yakazara-virion, iyo inotsanangura mukurumbira wayo. Mamiriro ezvinhu ekuchengetedza akajairwa uye nzira inonzwisisika yekugadzira kusadzivirirwa kunogona kuita kuti ivepo munyika dzakawanda. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yezvikamu zviviri zvekutanga zvekuyedzwa, yaionekwa seimwe yeinonyanya kuvimbisa, asi mumhedzisiro yechikamu chechitatu, jekiseni rakaratidza chete 50% kushanda. Ndinoshamisika kana izvi zvinogona kuvimbwa?
Neimwe nzira seizvi. Chinhu chimwe chiri pachena kuti hapana jekiseni rakakwana munyika izvozvi, asi munguva pfupi imwe sarudzo ichafanira kuitwa. Chero zvazvingava, ndinoshuvira munhu wese hutano uye kudzivirirwa kwakasimba!
Source: www.habr.com