Distinctive feature ndeyekuti nhamba yakakosha yevanhu vanobatsirwa nekushandiswa kwavo, uye kurambidza kushandiswa kwavo hazvigoneki kana kuti hazviiti. Mienzaniso inosanganisira migwagwa yeruzhinji, chengetedzo, tsvakiridzo yesainzi, uye yakavhurika sosi software. Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakadaro, sekutonga, hazvibatsiri kune vanhu, izvo zvinowanzokonzera kusakwana kwavo kugadzira () Mune zvimwe zviitiko, nyika nemamwe masangano (akadai semasangano anobatsira) anotora kugadzirwa kwavo, asi kushaikwa kweruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pezvinofarirwa nevatengi vezvinhu zveveruzhinji uye mamwe matambudziko ane chekuita nekuita sarudzo kwepakati anotungamira mukusashandisa zvakanaka mari. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvingave zvakakodzera kugadzira hurongwa apo vatengi vezvinhu zvehurumende vaizova nemukana wekuvhota zvakananga kune dzimwe sarudzo dzekugovera kwavo. Zvisinei, pakuvhota maererano nenheyo ye "munhu mumwechete - vhoti imwe", mavhoti evose vatori vechikamu akaenzana uye havagoni kuratidza kukosha kweiyi kana iyo sarudzo kwavari, izvo zvinogonawo kutungamirira kukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvehurumende.
(kana mari yeCLR) yakakurudzirwa muna 2018 mubasa semhinduro inobvira kumatambudziko akanyorwa ekupa mari zvinhu zveveruzhinji. Iyi nzira inobatanidza zvakanakira nzira dzemusika uye hutongi hwegutsaruzhinji, asi isinganyanyi kukanganiswa nekukanganisa kwavo. Kunobva papfungwa (kufananidza) umo vanhu vanoita mipiro yakananga kumapurojekiti akasiyana siyana avanoona seanobatsira munharaunda, uye mupi mukuru (somuenzaniso, hwaro hwerupo) anozvipira kuwedzera mari yakaenzana pamupiro wega wega (semuenzaniso, kupeta kaviri). Izvi zvinopa imwezve kukurudzira kutora chikamu uye inobvumira mupi wemari kugovera mari nemazvo pasina kuve nehunyanzvi munzvimbo iri kupihwa mari.
Iyo yakasarudzika yequadratic financing ndeyekuti kuverengerwa kwemari yakawedzerwa kunoitwa zvakafanana nekuverengwa kwemhedzisiro kana. . Rudzi urwu rwekuvhota runoreva kuti vatori vechikamu vanogona kutenga mavhoti voagovera kune akasiyana sarudzo sarudzo, uye mutengo wekutenga unowedzera zvichienderana neskweya yenhamba yevhoti yakatengwa:
Izvi zvinobvumira vatori vechikamu kuti vataure simba rezvavanoda, izvo zvisingagoneki nekuvhota kwemunhu mumwechete-imwe-vhoti. Uye panguva imwecheteyo, nzira iyi haipe simba risingakodzeri kune vatori vechikamu vane zvakakosha zviwanikwa, sezvinoitika nekuvhota zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekuenzana (uyo unowanzoshandiswa ).
Nekupa mari yequadratic, mupiro wega wega wemutori wechikamu kuchirongwa unoonekwa sekutenga mavhoti ekugovewa kwemari ichitsigira chirongwa ichi kubva kuhomwe huru yekufananidza mari. Ngatitorei kuti mutori wechikamu akaita mupiro kubasa racho pamwero we . Ipapo kuremera kwenzwi rake ichaenzana neskweya midzi yehukuru hwemupiro wake wega:
Match mari yemari , iyo purojekiti ichagamuchira , zvobva zvaverengwa zvichibva pahuwandu hwemavhoti echirongwa ichi pakati pevatori vechikamu vose:
Kana, semugumisiro wekuverenga mavhoti, mari yose yekubhadhara inodarika bhajeti yakatarwa , ipapo huwandu hwekubhadhara mari yepurojekiti yega yega inogadziriswa zvinoenderana nemugove wayo pakati pezvirongwa zvese:
Vanyori vebasa vanoratidza kuti nzira yakadai inovimbisa mari yakakwana yezvinhu zveveruzhinji. Kunyangwe mipiro midiki, kana ikaitwa nenhamba huru yevanhu, inokonzeresa kuwanda kwemari inofananidzwa (izvi zvinowanzoitika kune veruzhinji zvinhu), nepo mipiro mikuru kubva kunhamba shoma yevanopa inoguma nehuwandu hudiki hwemari inoenderana (izvi zvinoguma. zvinoratidza kuti chakanaka chingangove chakavanzika).
Kuti uzvizive nekushanda kwechigadziriso, unogona kushandisa Calculator: .
Gitcoin
Kekutanga, iyo quadratic financing mechanism yakaedzwa pakutanga kwa2019 sechikamu chechirongwa. paGitcoin papuratifomu, iyo inonyanya kutsigira mapurojekiti akavhurwa sosi. IN mari 132 vanopa vakaita mipiro mu cryptocurrency yekusimudzira 26 ecosystem mapurojekiti ezvivakwa . Mari yese yezvipo yakasvika kumadhora zviuru gumi nezvitatu nemazana maviri nemakumi mana nemaviri, ichiwedzerwa nemadhora zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu kubva kuhomwe inofananidzwa yakagadzirwa nevazhinji vanopa mari. Zvadaro, kubatanidzwa muchirongwa kwakazarurirwa munhu wose, uye mitemo yezvirongwa zvinowira pasi petsanangudzo yezvinhu zvevanhu veEthereum ecosystem yakawedzerwa, uye kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvakadai se "teknolojia" uye "media" yakaonekwa. Kubva muna Chikunguru 13242, zvakatoitwa , panguva iyo mapurojekiti anopfuura 700 akagamuchira mari inodarika mamiriyoni maviri emadhora, uye Mari yemupiro yaive madhora 4.7.
Chirongwa cheGitcoin Grants chakaratidza kuti quadratic funding mechanism inoshanda maererano nedzidziso yekuvaka uye inopa mari yezvinhu zvevanhu maererano nezvinodiwa nevanhu vemunharaunda. Nekudaro, iyi michina, senge akawanda emagetsi masisitimu ekuvhota, ari panjodzi kune kumwe kurwiswa uko vagadziri vepuratifomu vaifanira kubata nako panguva yekuedza:
- . Kuti aite kurwiswa uku, anorwisa anogona kunyoresa maakaundi akawanda uye, nekuvhota kubva kune yega yega, kugoverazve mari kubva kuhomwe inoenderana naye.
- Chiokomuhomwe. Kuti vashandise chiokomuhomwe, zvakakosha kuti vakwanise kudzora kutevedzera kwavo chibvumirano, izvo zvinova zvinogoneka nekuda kwekuvhurika kwezvese kutengeserana muruzhinji Ethereum blockchain. Sezvakangoita kurwiswa kweSybil, vashandisi vanopa chiokomuhomwe vanogona kushandiswa kugoverazve mari kubva kuhomwe huru vachifarira munhu anenge arwisa, kunze kwekunge mabhenefiti ekugovera patsva adarika mutengo wechiokomuhomwe.
Kuti udzivise kurwiswa kweSybil, account yeGitHub inodiwa paunenge uchinyoresa mushandisi, uye kusuma nhamba dzenharembozha kuburikidza neSMS kwakafungwawo. Kuedza kwechiokomuhomwe kwakateverwa kuburikidza nekushambadza kwekutenga mavhoti pasocial network uye kuburikidza nekutengeserana pa blockchain (mapoka evanopa vanowana mubhadharo kubva kune imwechete sosi akaonekwa). Nekudaro, matanho aya haavimbise kuchengetedzwa kwakazara, uye kana paine zvakakwana zvinokurudzira zvehupfumi, vanorwisa vanogona kuvanzvenga, saka vanogadzira vari kutsvaga dzimwe mhinduro dzinogona kuitika.
Pamusoro pezvo, dambudziko rakamuka rekugadzirisa runyorwa rwezvirongwa zvinowana mari. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvikumbiro zvekupihwa mari zvakabva kumapurojekiti akange asiri emidziyo yeruzhinji kana asina kuwira mumapoka anokodzera epurojekiti. Pakavewo nezviitiko apo scammers vakaisa zvikumbiro panzvimbo yemamwe mapurojekiti. Nzira yekuongorora nemaoko vanogamuchira mari yakashanda zvakanaka kune nhamba shoma yezvikumbiro, asi kushanda kwayo kunoderera sezvo chirongwa cheGitcoin Grants chichikura mukuzivikanwa. Rimwe dambudziko reGitcoin platform is centralization, iyo inoreva kudiwa kwekuvimba nevatungamiri vayo maererano nekururama kwekuverenga mavhoti avo.
cl.fund
Chinangwa cheprojekiti pari zvino pasi pekuvandudzwa, ndeyekugadzira yakachengeteka uye scalable quadratic mari homwe zvichienderana neruzivo rweGitcoin Grants chirongwa. Homwe iyi ichashanda pasi pemamiriro ekuvimba kudiki muvatungamiriri vayo uye ichatungamirwa nenzira yakasarudzika. Kuti uite izvi, kuverenga kwezvipo, kuverenga mari inofananidzwa uye kugovera mari kunofanirwa kuitwa uchishandisa . Kutenga mavhoti kuchaitwa kuoma kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekuvhota pachivande paine mukana wekutsiva mavhoti, kunyoreswa kwemushandisi kuchaitwa kuburikidza nesocial verification system, uye registry yevanowana mari ichatungamirwa nenharaunda uye ine gakava rakavakwa. kugadzirisa nzira.
Kuvhota kwakavanzika
Kuvanzika kwekuvhota kana uchivhota uchishandisa blockchain yeruzhinji inogona kuchengetedzwa uchishandisa maprotocol , iyo inokutendera kuti utarise iko kurongeka kwemasvomhu mashandiro pane encrypted data pasina kuburitsa iyi data. Mu clr.fund, huwandu hwemipiro yemunhu hunovanzwa uye sisitimu ichashandiswa kuverenga huwandu hwemari inofananidzwa. pasi pezita (Minimum Anti-Collusion Infrastructure, zvishoma zvigadziriso zvekupikisa kubatana). Inobvumira kuvhota pachivande kwequadratic uye inodzivirira vavhoti kubva pachiokomuhomwe uye kumanikidzwa, chero kugadziridzwa kwemavhoti uye kuverengerwa kwezvinenge zvabuda kuchiitwa nemunhu anovimbwa naye anonzi murongi. Hurongwa uhwu hwakagadzirirwa kuitira kuti murongi agone kuita chiokomuhomwe nekuti anokwanisa kutsanangura mavhoti, asi haakwanise kusabvisa kana kutsiva mavhoti, uye haakwanise kunyengedza zvakabuda pakuverengwa kwemavhoti.
Maitiro anotanga nevashandisi kugadzira peya makiyi uye kunyoresa muMACI smart kontrakiti, kurekodha kiyi yavo yeruzhinji. Kuvhota kunobva kwatanga, panguva iyo vashandisi vanogona kunyora mhando mbiri dzemameseji akavharidzirwa muchibvumirano chakangwara: mameseji ane izwi uye mameseji anoshandura kiyi. Mameseji anosainwa nekiyi yemushandisi obva avharirwa uchishandisa imwe kiyi inogadzirwa neprotocol kubva pakiyi yakakosha yemushandisi yenguva imwe chete uye kiyi yeruzhinji yemurongi nenzira yekuti murongi chete kana mushandisi iye pachake anogona kuzvinyora. Kana munhu anorwisa akaedza kupa mushandisi chiokomuhomwe, anogona kumukumbira kuti atumire meseji nezwi uye opa zviri mukati memeseji pamwe chete nekiyi yenguva imwe chete, iyo anorwisa anozodzosera meseji yakavharidzirwa uye nekutarisa nekutarisa mabatirwo. mu blockchain iyo yakatumirwa chaizvo. Nekudaro, usati watumira vhoti, mushandisi anogona kutumira meseji muchivande achichinja kiyi yeEdDSA uye obva asayina meseji yezwi nekiyi yekare, achiikanganisa. Sezvo mushandisi asingakwanise kuratidza kuti kiyi haina kutsiviwa, anorova haazovi nechivimbo chekuti vhoti inomutsigira ichaverengerwa, uye izvi zvinoita kuti chiokomuhomwe chishaye basa.
Mushure mekunge kuvhota kwapera, murongi anobvisa mameseji, anoverenga mavhoti uye anosimbisa maviri zero-ruzivo humbowo kuburikidza nechibvumirano chakangwara: humbowo hwechokwadi meseji kugadzirisa uye humbowo hwekuverenga mavhoti chaiko. Pakupera kwekuita, mhedzisiro yekuvhota inoburitswa, asi mavhoti ega ega anochengetwa zvakavanzika.
Social verification
Kunyangwe kuzivikanwa kwakavimbika kwevashandisi mumatiweki akagoverwa kunoramba kuri dambudziko risati ragadziriswa, kudzivirira kurwiswa kweSybil zvakakwana kuomesa kurwisa zvekuti mutengo wekuzviita unova wakakwira kupfuura zvingangobatsira. Imwe mhinduro yakadai ndeye decentralized identification system , iyo inoshanda sesocial network iyo vashandisi vanogona kugadzira maprofile uye kubatana nekusarudza nhanho yavo yekuvimba. Mune ino sisitimu, mushandisi wega wega anopihwa yakasarudzika identifier, ruzivo nezve hukama hwayo nezvimwe zviziviso zvinorekodhwa mukati. , iyo inochengetwa nekombuta node yeBrightID network uye inowiriraniswa pakati pavo. Hapana dhata yega yega inochengetwa mudhatabhesi, asi inongotamiswa pakati pevashandisi kana uchigadzira mameta, saka iyo system inogona kushandiswa isingazivikanwe. Iwo macomputer node eiyo BrightID network anoongorora iyo social graph uye, uchishandisa akasiyana matekiniki, edza kusiyanisa vashandisi chaivo kubva kune venhema. Iyo yakajairwa gadziriso inoshandisa iyo algorithm . Nekudaro, maitiro ekuzivikanwa anogona kusiyana, uye kana zvichidikanwa, vanogadzira maapplication vanogona kusanganisa mibairo inowanikwa kubva kune dzakasiyana node, kana kumhanyisa yavo node inozoshandisa maalgorithms ayo ari akakodzera kune yavo mushandisi.
Kugadzirisa Kukakavadzana
Kutora chikamu muquadratic financing kuchavhurika, asi kune izvi, mapurojekiti anozodikanwa kunyoresa mune yakakosha registry. Kuti iwedzere kwairi, vamiriri veprojekiti vachafanirwa kuita dhipoziti, iyo yavanogona kubvisa mushure meimwe nguva. Kana purojekiti ikasasangana neiyo registry maitiro, chero mushandisi achakwanisa kupikisa kuwedzera kwayo. Kubviswa kwepurojekiti kubva kurejista kuchatariswa nevanopikisa mune yakaganhurwa uye kana paine sarudzo yakanaka, mushandisi akashuma kukanganisa achagamuchira chikamu chedhipoziti semubairo. Muchina wakadaro uchaita kuti rejista yemidziyo yehurumende izvitonge.
Nzira ichashandiswa kugadzirisa kusawirirana , yakavakwa pachishandiswa zvibvumirano zvakanaka. Mariri, chero ani zvake anogona kuva mutongi gava, uye kururamisira kwezvisarudzo zvakaitwa kunowanikwa nerubatsiro rwekukurudzira kwehupfumi. Kana kupokana kwatangwa, sisitimu inosarudza otomatiki vatongi nekudhirowa mijenya. Vatongi vanoongorora humbowo hwakapihwa vovhota vachitsigira rimwe remapato ari kushandisa : Mavhoti anokandwa nenzira yakavharidzirwa uye anoburitswa chete kana kuvhota kwapera. Vatongi vari muruzhinji vanowana mubairo, uye avo vari vashoma vanobhadhara faindi. Nekuda kwekusafungidzirika kwedare redzimhosva uye kuvanza mavhoti, kuwirirana pakati pevanopokana kwakaoma uye vanomanikidzwa kutarisira zviito zveumwe neumwe uye kusarudza sarudzo iyo vamwe vangangosarudza, kana zvisina kudaro vanogona kurasikirwa nemari. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti sarudzo iyi () chichava chisarudzo chakanaka kwazvo, sezvo mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushaya ruzivo, sarudzo ine musoro ichava yekuita sarudzo inobva pane zvinonyatsozivikanwa pfungwa pamusoro pekururamisira. Kana mumwe wemapato emakakatanwa asingabvumirani nechisarudzo chakaitwa, ipapo zvikumbiro zvinorongwa, panguva iyo vatongi vakawanda vanosarudzwa zvakatevedzana.
Autonomous ecosystems
Mhinduro dzetekinoroji dzakanyorwa dzinofanirwa kuita kuti michina isatsamira kune vatariri uye inovimbisa kushanda kwayo kwakavimbika nemari shoma yakagoverwa. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, zvimwe zvikamu zvinogona kutsiviwa kuti zvipe dziviriro iri nani kubva pakutenga mavhoti nekumwe kurwiswa, nechinangwa chekupedzisira chiri homwe inozvimiririra yequadratic funding fund.
Mukushandiswa kuripo kwakadai seGitcoin Grants, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvevanhu kunotsigirwa nevanopa vahombe, asi mari inogona kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mune mamwe cryptocurrencies, semuenzaniso ΠΈ , inflationary financing inoshandiswa: chikamu chemubairo we vakatumirwa kuboka rebudiriro kuti vatsigire rimwe basa ravo rekuvandudza zvivakwa. Kana quadratic funding mechanism yagadzirwa inoshanda zvakavimbika uye isingade hutungamiriri hwepakati, ipapo chikamu chemubairo we block chinogona kutumirwa kwairi kuti igozogovaniswa nekutora chikamu kwenharaunda. Nenzira iyi, iyo inozvimiririra ecosystem ichaumbwa, uko kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zveveruzhinji kuchava nzira yekuzvitsigira zvachose uye isingaenderane nekuda kwevatsigiri nemasangano ekutungamira.
Source: www.habr.com