Iyo Quantum Communications bhizinesi inogadzira encryption kiyi yekugovera masisitimu. Chinhu chavo chikuru ndechekusaita kwe "wiretapping".
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Sei quantum network iri kushandiswa?
Dhata inoonekwa seyakachengetedzwa kana nguva yayo yekudzima yakapfuura zvakanyanya "zuva rekupera". Nhasi, zviri kuwedzera kuoma kuzadzisa mamiriro ezvinhu aya - izvi zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwemakomputa makuru. Makore mashoma apfuura, boka re80 Pentium 4-yakavakirwa makomputa "akangwara" () 1024-bit RSA encryption mumaawa zana nemana chete.
Pane supercomputer, ino nguva ichave ipfupi zvakanyanya, asi imwe yemhinduro kudambudziko inogona kunge iri "yakasimba kwazvo cipher," iyo pfungwa yakatsanangurwa naShannon. Mune masisitimu akadaro, makiyi anogadzirwa kune yega meseji, izvo zvinowedzera njodzi yekubatwa.
Pano, rudzi rutsva rwemutsara wekutaurirana ruchauya kuzonunura - quantum network inotumira data (cryptographic keys) uchishandisa mafotoni ega. Paunenge uchiedza kubata chiratidzo, mafotoni aya anoparadzwa, ayo anoshanda sechiratidzo chekupinda mugero. Yakadaro data data system iri kugadzirwa nediki diki bhizinesi paITMO University - Quantum Communications. Pakutungamirira ndiArthur Gleim, mukuru weQuantum Information Laboratory, uye Sergei Kozlov, mutungamiriri weInternational Institute of Photonics uye Optoinformatics.
Michina inoshanda sei
Inobva pane nzira ye quantum kutaurirana padivi ma frequency. Chimiro chayo ndechekuti mafotoni ega haabudiswe zvakananga nekwakabva. Iwo anotakurwa kuenda kudivi frequency semhedzisiro yechikamu modulation ye classical pulses. Iyo nguva pakati peiyo inotakura frequency uye subfrequencies ingangoita 10-20 pm. Iyi nzira inobvumidza iwe kutepfenyura chiratidzo che quantum pamusoro pe200 metres nekumhanya kwe400 Mbit / s.
Inoshanda sezvizvi: laser yakakosha inogadzira pulse ine wavelength ye1550 nm uye inotumira kune electro-optical phase modulator. Mushure modulation, maviri mativi ma frequency anoonekwa anosiyana kubva kune anotakura nehuwandu hweiyo modulating redhiyo chiratidzo.
Tevere, uchishandisa chikamu chekuchinja, chiratidzo chinoiswa-bhiti-encoded uye chinotumirwa kudivi rekugamuchira. Kana yasvika kune inogamuchira, iyo spectral sefa inoburitsa chiratidzo chedivi (ichishandisa photon detector), re-phase modulates, uye decrypts iyo data.
Ruzivo runodiwa kumisikidza kubatana kwakachengeteka runotsinhaniswa pamusoro pechiteshi chakavhurika. Iyo "mbishi" kiyi inogadzirwa panguva imwe chete mukutumira uye kugamuchira mamodule. Chiyero chemhosho chinoverengerwa icho, icho chinoratidza kana pakamboedza kubata network newaya. Kana zvese zvakarongeka, ipapo zvikanganiso zvinogadziriswa, uye yakavanzika cryptographic kiyi inogadzirwa mukutumira uye kugamuchira modules.
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Zvasara kuti zviitwe
Kunyangwe iyo theoretical "kusagadzikana" kwehuwandu network, ivo havasati vapa yakakwana cryptographic dziviriro. Equipment ine simba rakasimba pakuchengetedza. Makore mashoma apfuura, boka revainjiniya kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWaterloo vakawana kusagadzikana kunogona kubvumira data kubatwa mune network yequantum. Yakanga yakabatanidzwa nemukana we "kupofumadza" iyo photodetector. Kana iwe ukavhenekera chiedza chakajeka pane detector, inova yakazara uye inomira kunyoresa mafotoni. Zvadaro, nekushandura kusimba kwechiedza, unogona kudzora sensor uye kunyengedza sisitimu.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, misimboti yekushanda kwevanogamuchira ichafanirwa kuchinjwa. Patova nechirongwa chemidziyo yakadzivirirwa iyo isinganzwi kurwiswa kwema detectors - aya ma detectors haana kubatanidzwa mairi. Asi mhinduro dzakadaro dzinowedzera mutengo wekushandisa quantum masisitimu uye haisati yapfuura yerabhoritari.
βChikwata chedu chiri kushandawo chakanangana neizvi. Isu tinoshandira pamwe neCanada nyanzvi uye mamwe mapoka ekunze uye eRussia. Kana tikakwanisa kuvhara kusadzivirirwa padanho rehardware, ipapo quantum network inozopararira uye ichave nzvimbo yekuyedza yekuyedza matekinoroji matsva, βanodaro Arthur Gleim.
Matarisiro
Makambani mazhinji epamba ari kuratidza kufarira quantum mhinduro. Chete Quantum Communications LLC inopa vatengi vane mashanu data data system pagore. Imwe seti yemidziyo, zvichienderana nehuwandu (kubva pa10 kusvika 200 km), inodhura 10-12 miriyoni rubles. Mutengo wacho unofananidzwa nemaanalogue ekunze ane mwero maitiro ekuita.
Gore rino, Quantum Communications yakagamuchira mari muhuwandu hwemamiriyoni zana rubles. Mari iyi ichabatsira kambani kuunza chigadzirwa kumusika wepasi rose. Vamwe vavo vachaenda kune kuvandudzwa kwemapurojekiti ebato rechitatu. Kunyanya, kusikwa kwehuwandu hwekudzora masisitimu ekugovera data data. Chikwata chinovimba nema modular masisitimu anogona kubatanidzwa mune iripo IT zvivakwa.
Quantum data transmission systems ichava hwaro hwemhando itsva yezvivakwa mune ramangwana. SDN network ichaonekwa inoshandisa quantum kiyi yekugovera masisitimu akapetwa neyechinyakare encryption kuchengetedza data.
Mathematics cryptography icharamba ichishandiswa kuchengetedza ruzivo nechinguva chidiki chekuvanzika, uye nzira dzehuwandu dzichawana niche yavo munzvimbo dzinodiwa kuchengetedzwa kwedata kwakasimba.
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Source: www.habr.com