Lab: kumisikidza lvm, raid paLinux

Kudonha kudiki: iyi LR ndeyekugadzira.
Mamwe emabasa anotsanangurwa pano anogona kuitwa zviri nyore, asi sezvo basa re l/r nderekuziva.
ine raid uye lvm mashandiro, mamwe mashandiro akaomarara.

Zvinodikanwa zvematurusi ekuita LR:

• Virtualization zvishandiso seVirtualbox
• Linux yekuisa mufananidzo, semuenzaniso Debian9
• Kuwanikwa kweInternet yekudhawunirodha akati wandei mapakeji
• Batanidza kuburikidza ne ssh kune yakaiswa VM (inosarudza)

KUDZIDZA

Iri basa rerabhoritari rine chekuita nenyaya yakavanzika sekuchengetedza data - iyi inzvimbo uko
iyo inokutendera kuti urasikirwe nedata rako rese nekuda kwechikanganiso chidiki - imwe yakawedzera tsamba kana nhamba.
Sezvo uri kuita basa rerabhoritari, hausi mungozi, kunze kwekuti iwe uchafanirwa kutanga kuzviita zvakare.
Muhupenyu chaihwo, zvinhu zvose zvakanyanya kuoma, saka iwe unofanira kuisa mazita e disk zvakanyatsonaka, kunzwisisa
chii chaizvo chauri kuita nemurairo uripo uye madhisiki api auri kushanda nawo.

Chinhu chechipiri chakakosha ndechekutumidza mazita emadhisiki uye zvikamu: zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, nhamba dze disk dzinogona kusiyana
kubva kune izvo zvakakosha zvinoratidzwa mumirairo mubasa rerabhoritari.
Saka, semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukabvisa iyo sda dhisiki kubva pane array uye wobva wawedzera dhisiki nyowani, iyo dhisiki nyowani icharatidzwa.
pane imwe system inonzi sda. Kana iwe ukatangazve usati wawedzera dhisiki nyowani, ipapo iyo nyowani
disk ichanzi sdb, uye yekare ichanzi sda

Iyo lab inofanirwa kumhanyiswa sesuperuser (mudzi) sezvinodiwa nemizhinji yemirairo
ropafadzo dzakakwirira uye hazvina musoro kugara uchiwedzera maropafadzo kuburikidza ne sudo

Zvokudzidza

• bvuta
• LVM
• Disk zita muLinux OS
• Chii chinonzi chikamu
• Chii chinonzi partition table uye inochengeterwa kupi?
• Chii chinonzi grub

Zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa

1) kuona dhisiki ruzivo

• lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
• fdisk -l
  2) kuona ruzivo uye kushanda neLVM
• pvs
• pvextend
• pvcreate
• pvresize
• etc
• vgreduce
• lvs
• lvextende
  3) kuona ruzivo uye kushanda neRAID
• katsi /proc/mdstat
• mdadm
  4) mount points
• pagomo
• umount
• katsi /etc/fstab
• katsi /etc/mtab
  5) dhisiki repartition
• fdisk /dev/XXX
  6) kukopa zvikamu
• dd kana=/dev/xxx ye=/dev/yyy
  7) kushanda netafura yekuparadzanisa
• partx
• sfdisk
• mkfs.ext4
  8) kushanda nebootloader
• grub-install /dev/XXX
• gadziridzo-grub
  9) zvimwe
• lsof
• akakodzera
• rsync

Basa re laboratory rine zvikamu zvitatu:

• kumisikidza sisitimu yekushanda uchishandisa lvm, raid
• emulation yeimwe yedhisiki kukundikana
• kutsiva madhisiki panhunzi, kuwedzera madhisiki matsva uye zvikamu zvinofamba.

Basa 1 (OS kuisirwa uye kumisikidzwa kweLVM, RAID)

1) Gadzira mutsva chaiwo muchina, uchipa iwo anotevera maitiro:

• 1 gb ram
• 1 cpu
• 2 hdds (zita ssd1, ssd2 uye ugovane saizi yakaenzana, tarisa kupisa kunopisa uye ssd mabhokisi)
• SATA controller yakagadzirirwa 4 ports

2) Tanga kuisa Linux uye kana wasvika pakusarudza hard drive, ita zvinotevera:

• Partitioning nzira: bhuku, pashure unofanira kuona mufananidzo uyu:
  

• Kumisikidza chikamu chakasiyana che / bhutsu: Sarudza dhisiki yekutanga uye gadzira tafura yekugovera nyowani pairi

  • Chikamu saizi: 512M
  • Mount point: /boot
  • Dzokorora marongero echipiri dhisiki, asi sezvo usingakwanise kukwira / bhutsu kaviri panguva imwe chete, sarudza gomo poindi: hapana, pakupedzisira kuwana zvinotevera (mufananidzo une jamb, wakanyanya usimbe kuti uzviite zvakare):
    

• RAID setup:

  • Sarudza nzvimbo yemahara pane yekutanga dhisiki uye gadzirisa iyo yekuparadzanisa mhando sevhoriyamu yemuviri yeRAID
  • Sarudza "Ndapedza kuseta chikamu"
  • Dzokorora zvimiro zvakafanana zvechipiri dhisiki, zvichikonzera zvinotevera:
    
  • Sarudza "Gadzira software RAID"
  • Gadzira MD mudziyo
  • Software RAID mudziyo mhando: Sarudza yakamisikidzwa array
  • Zvishandiso zvinoshanda zveRAID XXXX array: Sarudza ese madhiraivha
  • Zvishandiso zvakasara: Siya 0 seyakagadzika
  • Zvishandiso zvinoshanda zveRAID XX array: sarudza zvikamu izvo zvawakagadzira pasi pekupambwa
  • pedza
  • Nekuda kweizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kuwana mufananidzo wakadai:
    

• Kugadzirisa LVM: Sarudza Gadzira iyo Logical Vhoriyamu Maneja

  • Chengetedza ikozvino kugovera dhizaini uye gadzirisa LVM: Ehe
  • Gadzira boka revhoriyamu
  • Zita reboka revhoriyamu: system
  • Zvishandiso zveboka idzva revhoriyamu: Sarudza yako yakagadzirwa RAID
  • Gadzira inzwi rine musoro
  • zvine musoro vhoriyamu zita: mudzi
  • inonzwisisika vhoriyamu saizi: 25 yedhisiki yako saizi
  • Gadzira inzwi rine musoro
  • zvine musoro vhoriyamu zita: var
  • inonzwisisika vhoriyamu saizi: 25 yedhisiki yako saizi
  • Gadzira inzwi rine musoro
  • zvine musoro vhoriyamu zita: log
  • inonzwisisika vhoriyamu saizi: 15 yedhisiki yako saizi
  • Nekusarudza Ratidza gadziriso yeruzivo iwe unofanirwa kuwana unotevera mufananidzo:
    
  • Kana wapedza kuseta LVM iwe unofanirwa kuona zvinotevera:
    

• Partition dhizaini: imwe neimwe, sarudza yega yega vhoriyamu yakagadzirwa muLVM uye gadzira iwo, semuenzaniso, kune mudzi seizvi:

  • Shandisa se: ext4
  • nzvimbo yekukwira: /
  • Mhedzisiro yekumaka iyo midzi partition inofanirwa kutaridzika seizvi:
    
  • dzokorora kushanda kwekuparadzanisa kwe var uye log, uchisarudza nzvimbo dzakakodzera dzegomo (/var uye / var/log yakapinda nemaoko), uchiwana zvinotevera:
    
  • Sarudza Finish Partitioning
  • Iwe unozobvunzwa mibvunzo yakati wandei nezve chokwadi chekuti iwe uchine isina kusimudzwa partition uye swap haina kugadzirwa. Mibvunzo yese iri miviri inofanirwa kupindurwa mune negative.

• Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inofanira kutaridzika seizvi:
  
  3) Pedzisa kuisirwa kweOS nekuisa grub pane yekutanga mudziyo (sda) uye boot system.
  4) Kopa zviri mukati me / boot partition kubva kune sda ​​drive (ssd1) kune sdb drive (ssd2)

  dd if=/dev/sda1 of=/dev/sdb1

  5) Isa grub pane yechipiri mudziyo:

• tarisa ma disks ari mu system:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

• Nyora madhisiki ese awakapihwa nemurairo yapfuura uye tsanangura kuti idhisiki rudzii

• Tsvaga dhiraivha iyo grub isina kuiswa uye ita iyi yekuisa:
  grub-install /dev/sdb

• tarisa ruzivo nezve kupambwa kwazvino nekatsi /proc/mdstat kuraira uye nyora pasi zvaunoona.

• tarisa kubuda kwemirairo: pvs, vgs, lvs, kwidza uye nyora pasi izvo chaizvo zvawaona

Rondedzera nemazwi ako zvawakaita uye kuti ndezvipi zvawawana kubva pabasa racho.

Mushure mekupedza basa iri, zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza kopi yekuchengetedza yeiyo chaiyo muchina folda kana kugadzira
vagrant box: https://t.me/bykvaadm/191

Mhedzisiro: Virtual muchina ane disks ssd1, ssd2

Basa 2 (Kutevedzera kutadza kweimwe dhisiki)

1) Kana iwe wakatarisa bhokisi rinopisa rekuchinja, saka unogona kudzima disks pane nhunzi

• Delete disk ssd1 mune zvemuchina zvivakwa
• Tsvaga dhairekitori panochengetwa mafaera emuchina wako wodzima ssd1.vmdk
  2) Ita shuwa muchina wako chaiwo uchiri kushanda
  3) Reboot iyo chaiyo muchina uye ita shuwa kuti ichiri kushanda
  4) tarisa mamiriro eRAID array: katsi /proc/mdstat
  5) wedzera dhisiki nyowani yehukuru hwakafanana muVM interface uye uipe zita ssd3
  6) kuita maoparesheni:
• ona kuti dhisiki idzva rasvika muhurongwa uchishandisa fdisk -l
• Kopa tafura yekuparadzanisa kubva kudhisiki yekare kuenda kune itsva: sfdisk -d /dev/XXXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY
• tarisa mhedzisiro uchishandisa fdisk -l
• Wedzera dhisiki nyowani kune yekuparadza array: mdadm - maneja / dev / md0 - wedzera / dev / YYY
• Tarisa mhedzisiro: katsi /proc/mdstat. Iwe unofanirwa kuona kuti kuwiriranisa kwatanga
  7) Zvino iwe unofanirwa kuwiriranisa nemaoko zvikamu zvisiri chikamu cheRAID.
  Kuti tiite izvi, isu tichashandisa iyo dd utility, kutevedzera kubva ku "live" dhisiki kuenda kune itsva yawakaisa munguva pfupi yapfuura.

  dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

  8) Mushure mekuwiriranisa kwapera, isa grub pane itsva drive
  9) Reboot iyo VM kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvese zviri kushanda
  Rondedzera nemazwi ako zvawakaita uye kuti ndezvipi zvawawana kubva pabasa racho.
  Mhedzisiro: Disk ssd1 yakabviswa, disk ssd2 yakachengetedzwa, disk ssd3 yakawedzerwa.

  Basa rechitatu (Kuwedzera madhisiki matsva uye kufambisa chikamu)

  Iri ndiro basa rakaoma uye rakakura pane ese anoratidzwa.
  Tarisa zvakanyanya zvauri kuita uye kuti ndeapi madhisiki uye zvikamu.
  Inokurudzirwa kuita kopi usati waimhanyisa.
  Iri basa rakasununguka pane basa Nhamba 2; inogona kuitwa mushure mebasa Nha.
  Chikamu chechipiri chebasa rerabhoritari iyi chinofanira kutungamira kune chaiyo yakafanana iyo yaive mushure mekupedza chikamu chekutanga.

  Kuita kuti basa rako rive nyore, ndinogona kukurudzira kusabvisa mumuviri madhisiki kubva kumushini wekutambira, asi chete
  bvisa iwo mumichina zvinhu. Kubva pakuona kweOS muVM inotaridzika zvakafanana, asi iwe unogona
  kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika, batanidza dhisiki kumashure uye uenderere mberi nebasa nekudzosera kumashure akati wandei mapoinzi, kana
  une matambudziko. Semuenzaniso, unogona kunge wakazviita zvisizvo kana kukanganwa kukopa / boot partition kune dhisiki nyowani.
  Ini ndinogona chete kukurayira kuti utarise kaviri-tarisa kuti ndeapi madhisiki uye zvikamu zvauri kushanda nazvo kakawanda, kana zvirinani
  Nyora pasi papepa kunyorerana pakati pemadhisiki, zvikamu uye nhamba ye "physical" disk. Muti wakanaka uye wakajeka
  timu inodhirowa lsblk, rishandise kakawanda sezvinobvira kuongorora zvawakaita uye zvinofanira kuitwa.

  Kunyaya...

  Fungidzira kuti sevha yako yanga ichimhanya kwenguva yakareba pane 2 SSD madhiraivha, apo kamwe kamwe ...

  1) Tevedzera ssd2 dhisiki kutadza nekubvisa dhisiki kubva kuVM zvivakwa uye kutangazve
  2) Tarisa mamiriro azvino emadhisiki uye RAID:

  cat /proc/mdstat
  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  3) Une rombo rakanaka - vakuru vako vakakubvumidza kutenga akati wandei madhisiki:

  2 yakakura-inogonesa SATA yebasa rakareba-refu rekufambisa chikamu nematanda kune imwe dhisiki

  2 SSDs kutsiva iyo yakafa, pamwe nekutsiva iyo ichiri kushanda.

  Ndokumbira utarise kuti server basket inongotsigira kuisa 4 disks panguva,
  saka, haugone kuwedzera madhisiki ese kamwechete.

  Sarudza HDD inokwana kaviri yakakura kupfuura SSD.
  Iyo SSD inokwana 1,25 nguva yakakura kupfuura yaimbova SSD.

  4) Wedzera imwe itsva ssd disk, ichidana ssd4, uye mushure mekuwedzera, tarisa zvakaitika:

  fdisk -l
  lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

  5) Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kutarisira kuchengetedza kweiyo data pane yekare dhisiki.
  Panguva ino tichaendesa data tichishandisa LVM:

  • Chekutanga pane zvese, iwe unofanirwa kukopa tafura yefaira kubva kune yekare dhisiki kuenda kune itsva:

    sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    Tsiva madhisiki chaiwo e x,y uye uone kuti murairo uyu unoitei.

    Mhanya lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT uye enzanisa yakabuda neyakare runhare.
    Chii chachinja?
    shandisa dd command kukopa iyo / boot data kune dhisiki nyowani

    dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

    kana / bhutsu yakaramba yakagadzikwa pane yekare dhisiki, inofanirwa kuiswa pairi dhisiki:

    mount | grep boot # смотрим куда смонтирован диск
    lsblk # смотрим какие диски есть в системе и смотрим есть ли диск, полученный из предыдущего пункта
    umount /boot # отмонтируем /boot
    mount -a # выполним монтирование всех точек согласно /etc/fstab. 
    # Поскольку там указана точка монтирования /dev/sda, то будет выполнено корректное перемонтирование на живой диск

    Isa iyo bootloader pane itsva ssd drive

    grub-install /dev/YYY

    Sei tiri kuita oparesheni iyi?

    gadzira rutsva rutsva runosanganisira imwe chete ssd disk itsva:

    mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md63 --level=1 --raid-devices=1 /dev/YYY

    Murairo uri pamusoro haushande usina kudoma kiyi yakakosha.
    Verenga rubatsiro uye wedzera kiyi iyi kumurairo.

    Shandisa katsi /proc/mdstat kuraira kutarisa mhedzisiro yekushanda kwako. Chii chachinja?
    Mhanya lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT uye enzanisa yakabuda neyakare runhare.
    Chii chachinja?
    6) Nhanho inotevera ndeyekugadzirisa LVM
    mhanyisa iyo pvs command kuti uone ruzivo nezve yazvino mavhoriyamu emuviri
    gadzira vhoriyamu nyowani yemuviri kusanganisira iyo yakambogadzirwa RAID array:

    pvcreate /dev/md63

    Mhanya lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT uye enzanisa yakabuda neyakare runhare.
    Chii chachinja?
    Mhanya iyo pvs command zvakare. Chii chachinja?
    Ngatiwedzere saizi yeVolume Group system tichishandisa murairo unotevera:

    vgextend system /dev/md63

    Mhanya mirairo uye nyora pasi zvawaona uye zvachinja.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices

    Pane dhisiki rei remuviri pane LV var, log, midzi iripo parizvino?

    Fambisa data kubva kudhiraivha yekare kuenda kune itsva, uchishandisa iwo chaiwo mazita emudziyo.

    pvmove -i 10 -n /dev/system/root /dev/md0 /dev/md63 

    Dzokorora kushanda kwemavhoriyamu ese ane musoro

    Mhanya mirairo uye nyora pasi zvawaona uye zvachinja.

    vgdisplay system -v
    pvs
    vgs
    lvs -a -o+devices
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    Ngatichinje VG yedu nekubvisa yekare raid disk kubva mairi. Chinja zita raid rekwazvo.

    vgreduce system /dev/md0

    Mhanya mirairo uye nyora pasi zvawaona uye zvachinja.

    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT
    pvs
    vgs

    Kuita kuti mufananidzo wacho uwedzere kunaka, remount / boot kune yechipiri ssd disk (ssd4) uye mhanya lsblk. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo ssd3 dhisiki haina
    hapana chinofanira kuiswa. Nyatsotarisa kuti iyo / boot partition haina chinhu! ls /boot anofanira kuratidza
    akawanda mafaera nemaforodha. Dzidza zvakachengetwa muchikamu chino uye nyora pasi kuti nderipi dhairekitori refaira rine chekuita nei.
    7) bvisa ssd3 dhisiki uye wedzera ssd5, hdd1, hdd2 zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro, zvichikonzera:
    ssd4 - yekutanga itsva ssd
    ssd5 - yechipiri itsva ssd
    hdd1 - yekutanga HDd itsva
    hdd2 - yechipiri itsva HDd

    8) Tarisa zvakaitika mushure mekuwedzera madhisiki:

    fdisk -l
    lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

    9) Ngatidzorerei kushanda kweiyo huru yekuparadza array:

    • Kopa tafura yekugovera, kutsiva madhisiki chaiwo:

      sfdisk -d /dev/XXX | sfdisk /dev/YYY

    • Ndokumbira utarise kuti patakakopa tafura yekuparadzanisa kubva kune yekare dhisiki, zvaiita senge saizi nyowani
      haishandise iyo hard drive huwandu.
      Naizvozvo, munguva pfupi isu tichada kudzoreredza uku kugovera uye kuwedzera kupamba.
      Zvionere wega nekumhanyisa murairo:

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      10) kopira iyo boot partition / boot kubva ssd4 kusvika ssd5

      dd if=/dev/XXX of=/dev/YYY

      11) Isa grub pane itsva drive (ssd5)
      12) resize chikamu chechipiri che ssd5 disk

      mhanyisa disk partitioning utility:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      isa kiyi ye d kudzima chikamu chiripo (sarudza 2)
      isa kiyi n kugadzira chikamu chitsva
      isa kiyi p kuratidza rudzi rwekuparadzanisa "primary"
      isa kiyi 2 kuitira kuti chikamu chitsva ive nenhamba yechipiri
      Chikamu chekutanga: dzvanya pinda kuti ugamuchire saizi yakaverengerwa otomatiki yekutanga kwechikamu
      Chikamu chekupedzisira: dzvanya enter kuti ugamuchire otomatiki akaverengerwa saizi yekupera kwechikamu
      pinda kiyi ye l kuti uone runyorwa rweese anogona partition marudzi uye uwane Linux raid auto mairi
      isa kiyi t kuti uchinje rudzi rwechikamu chakagadzirwa (2) uye isa nhamba inowanikwa munhanho yapfuura.
      isa w kiyi yekunyora shanduko kune dhisiki.
      12) verenga zvakare tafura yekuparadzanisa uye tarisa mhedzisiro

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      wedzera dhisiki nyowani kune yazvino raid array (usakanganwa kutsiva iwo chaiwo dhisiki)

      mdadm --manage /dev/md63 --add /dev/sda2

      Ngatiwedzerei nhamba yemadhisiki muhurongwa hwedu kusvika ku2:

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --raid-devices=2

      Tarisa mhedzisiro: isu tine 2 arrays akamisikidzwa, asi ese ari maviri zvikamu zvinosanganisirwa mune ino array ane hukuru hwakasiyana.

      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      13) wedzera saizi yekuparadzanisa pane ssd4 dhisiki

      mhanyisa disk partitioning utility:

      fdisk /dev/XXX

      isa kiyi ye d kudzima chikamu chiripo (sarudza 2)
      isa kiyi n kugadzira chikamu chitsva
      isa kiyi p kuratidza rudzi rwekuparadzanisa "primary"
      isa kiyi 2 kuitira kuti chikamu chitsva ive nenhamba yechipiri
      Chikamu chekutanga: dzvanya pinda kuti ugamuchire saizi yakaverengerwa otomatiki yekutanga kwechikamu
      Chikamu chekupedzisira: dzvanya enter kuti ugamuchire otomatiki akaverengerwa saizi yekupera kwechikamu
      Pakupera kwemakapu, sarudza Kwete kuti usiye siginicha yenhengo yechikamu muhurongwa.
      isa w kiyi yekunyora shanduko kune dhisiki.
      12) verenga zvakare tafura yekuparadzanisa uye tarisa mhedzisiro

      partx -u /dev/XXX
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT

      Ndokumbira utarise kuti ikozvino sda2, sdc2 zvikamu zvine saizi> kupfuura saizi yechishandiso chekupamba.

      13) panguva ino saizi yekurwisa ikozvino inogona kuwedzerwa

      mdadm --grow /dev/md63 --size=max
      lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,FSTYPE,TYPE,MOUNTPOINT # check result

      Wongorora lsblk uye ona zvachinja
      14) Nekudaro, kunyangwe isu takachinja saizi yekupamba, saizi yevg mudzi, var, log pachayo haina kuchinja.

      • tarisa PV size:

        pvs

      • Ngatiwedzere saizi yePV yedu:

        pvresize /dev/md63

      • tarisa PV size:

        pvs

        15) Wedzera iyo ichangobva kuoneka nzvimbo VG var,mudzi

        lvs # посмотрим сколько сейчас размечено
        lvextend -l +50%FREE /dev/system/root
        lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/system/var
        lvs # проверьте что получилось

        Panguva ino, wapedza kutamira kune huru dhisiki kune madhisiki matsva. shanda ne ssd1, ssd2 yapera

        16) Basa redu rinotevera nderokufambisa / var / log kune ma disks matsva, nokuda kweizvi tichagadzira mutsva mutsva uye lvm pane hdd disks.

        • ngationei mazita matsva ehdd drives

          fdisk -l

        • ngatigadzirirei hurongwa hwekuvhomora

          mdadm --create /dev/md127 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

        • ngatitangei PV itsva pakurwisa kubva kumadhisiki makuru

          pvcreate data /dev/md127

        • Ngatigadzirei boka muPV iyi inonzi data

          vgcreate data /dev/md127

        • Ngatigadzirei vhoriyamu inonzwisisika nehukuru hwese nzvimbo yemahara toidana val_log

          lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n var_log data # lvs # посмотрим результат

        • gadzira chikamu chakagadzirwa mu ext4

          mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/data-var_log

        • ngatione mhedzisiro

          lsblk

          17) chinjanisa data regi kubva kune yekare partition kuenda kune itsva

          kwekanguva gadza nyowani nyowani yekuchengetedza

          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /mnt

          ngatiwiriranei zvikamu

          apt install rsync
          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          Ngationei kuti ndeapi maitiro ari kushanda mukati /var/log

          apt install lsof
          lsof | grep '/var/log'

          misa maitiro aya

          systemctl stop rsyslog.service syslog.socket

          ita kuwiriranisa kwekupedzisira kwezvikamu (data ringave rakachinja kubva pakuwiriranisa kwekupedzisira)

          rsync -avzr /var/log/ /mnt/

          chinjanisa zvikamu

          umount /mnt
          umount /var/log
          mount /dev/mapper/data-var_log /var/log

          ngatitarisei zvakaitika

          lsblk

          18) Rongedza /etc/fstab
          fstab - faira inorekodha mitemo iyo zvikamu zvichaiswa pa boot
          basa redu nderekutsvaga mutsara uko / var/log yakakwidzwa uye kugadzirisa mudziyo system-log pamusoro data-var_log

          19) Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha panguva ino hachisi kukanganwa kuchinja tafura ye radela (ext4, somuenzaniso). Nokuti pasinei nokuti tinoshandura sei kupambwa, lvm, kusvikira FS pachikamu ichiziviswa kuti ukuru hwekuparadzanisa ikozvino hwachinja, hatizokwanisi kushandisa nzvimbo itsva. Shandisa murairo resize2fs kuchinja FS.

          20) Final chord

          • Ngatitangezve. Kana waita zvese nemazvo, uchadzoserwa kuOS yako (izvi zvinodiwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti zvese zviri kushanda. Danho iri harina zvarinoreva kunze kwekuzviongorora wega)
          • tarisa kuti zvese zvataida kuita zvakaitwa chaizvo:

            pvs
            lvs
            vgs
            lsblk
            cat /proc/mdstat

          21) [ZVINODA] Tevedzera matanho

          • reboot nekudzvanya F12 kuti utaure madhiraivha akasiyana paunenge uchibhota kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unogona boot
            kubva kune chero ssd dhiraivha, kuitira kuti isu tisatye kukundikana kweumwe wavo
          • ikozvino iwe une isina kufanira LV log muVG system. Govera iyi nzvimbo pakati pemudzi kana var, asi pane kushandisa
            dhizaini 100% YEMAHARA tsanangura saizi neruoko uchishandisa -L kiyi:

            -L 500M

          • gadzirisa dambudziko iro / bhutsu iri pazvikamu zviviri pasina kuwiriranisa, hapana chikonzero chekuita izvi nemazvo,
            yakawedzerwa pano semuenzaniso. Usakanganwa kukopa zviri mukati / boot kumwe kunhu kutanga.
            • gadzira kurwiswa kutsva uye sanganisira sda1, sda2 mairi
            • sanganisira zvikamu izvi mukurwisa kuripo uye kudzoreredza / bhutsu kuhombe huru, asi pasina kuiisa.

Source: www.habr.com