Kuverenga kwenguva refu nezve chokwadi chekutyisidzira kwehuwandu kune cryptocurrencies uye matambudziko e "2027 chiporofita"

Runyerekupe runoramba ruchitenderera paforamu dzecryptocurrency uye hurukuro dzeteregiramu kuti chikonzero chekuderera kukuru kweiyo BTC chiyero yaive nhau yekuti Google yakawana hukuru hwehuwandu. Iyi nhau, yakatanga kutumirwa pawebhusaiti yeNASA uye gare gare yakabudiswa neThe Financial Times, zvakangoenderana nekudonha kamwe kamwe musimba reBitcoin network. Vazhinji vaifungidzira kuti kusangana uku kwaireva kubira uye zvakaita kuti vatengesi varase huwandu hwakaringana hweBitcoin. Vanoti nemhaka yeizvi, mwero wemari yacho wakafashukira ne“mapurezidhendi eUnited States akafa” anosvika 1500 XNUMX. Runyerekupe runoramba kufa uye rwunokuchidzirwa nekutendiswa kwakasimba kweveruzhinji kuti kuvandudzwa kwequantum computing ndiko kufa kwakavimbiswa kwe blockchains uye cryptocurrencies.

Hwaro hwekutaura kwakadaro kwaive basa, mhedzisiro yacho yakagovaniswa muna 2017 arxiv.org/abs/1710.10377 boka revatsvakurudzi vakadzidza dambudziko re "quantum threat". Mukufunga kwavo, iyo yakawanda yecrypto protocol inogonesa kutengeserana mumadhijitari akagoverwa ari panjodzi kune ane simba quantum makomputa. Ndakaongorora mashoko akabudiswa paInternet maererano nezvinonzi. "Kusagadzikana kwehuwandu hwe blockchains mune zvese uye cryptocurrencies kunyanya. Zvinotevera mhedzisiro yekuongorora uye kuenzaniswa kwechokwadi chiripo nezve mukana wekubudirira kurwiswa kweBitcoin.

Mazwi mashoma nezve quantum makomputa uye quantum hukuru

Chero ani anoziva kuti quantum komputa chii, qubit uye quantum supremacy inogona kuenderera zvakachengeteka kune chikamu chinotevera nekuti ivo havazowana chero chinhu chitsva pano.

Saka, kuti unzwisise zvakanyanya kutyisidzira kunogona kufungidzirwa kubva kumakomputa ehuwandu, unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti zvii izvi zvigadziri. Komputa ye quantum inonyanya kuita analog computing system inoshandisa zviitiko zvemuviri zvinotsanangurwa ne quantum mechanics kugadzirisa data uye kutumira ruzivo. Kunyanya, quantum makomputa anoshandiswa pakuverenga quantum superposition и quantum entanglement.

Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwehuwandu hwezviitiko mumakomputa masisitimu, masisitimu emakombuta anokwanisa kuita mabasa ega ega makumi nemazana ezviuru, uye mukufungidzira mamirioni enguva nekukurumidza kupfuura ekare makomputa (kusanganisira supercomputers). Kuita uku kwemamwe masvomhu kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwequbits (quantum bits).

A qubit (quantum bit kana quantum discharge) ndicho chinhu chidiki chiripo chekuchengeta ruzivo muquantum komputa. Sezvishoma, qubit inobvumira

“mbiri eigenstates, inodudzwa {displaystyle |0rangle }|0rangle uye {displaystyle |1rangle }|1rangle (Dirac notation), asi inogonawo kuva munzvimbo yadzo yepamusoro, kureva, mudunhu {displaystyle A|0rangle +B|1rangle } { displaystyle A|0rangle +B|1rangle }, apo {displaystyle A}A uye {displaystyle B}B inhamba dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzinogutsa chimiro {displaystyle |A|^{2}+|B|^{2}=1}| A |^{2}+|B|^{2}=1.”

(Nielsen M., Chang I. Quantum computing uye ruzivo rwehuwandu)

Kana tikaenzanisa yemhando yepamusoro, iyo ine 0 kana imwe, ine qubit, ipapo bhiti racho rinenge riine zvinzvimbo zviviri "pa" uye "kudzima". Mukuenzanisa kwakadaro, qubit ichava chimwe chinhu chakafanana nekudzora vhoriyamu, uko "0" kunyarara, uye "1" ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka vhoriyamu. Iyo regulator inogona kutora chero chinzvimbo kubva kune zero kuenda kune imwe. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuitira kuti uve muenzaniso wakazara wequbit, inofanirawo kuenzanisa kuparara kwebasa remafungu, i.e. panguva ipi neipi yekubatana nayo, somuenzaniso, kutarisa pairi, mutongi anofanira kutamira kune imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanyisa, i.e. "0" kana "1".

Muchokwadi, zvese zvakatonyanya kuomarara, asi kana ukasapinda mumasora, saka nekuda kwekushandiswa kwepamusoro uye kupinza, komputa yequantum ichakwanisa kuchengeta nekushanda yakakura (yenguva ino) mavhoriyamu eruzivo. . Panguva imwecheteyo, ichashandisa simba rakaderera zvakanyanya pane mashandiro pane ekare makomputa. Nekuda kwekuvimba nezviitiko zve quantum mechanics, kufanana kwekuverenga kuchave nechokwadi (kana, kuti uwane mhedzisiro, hapana chikonzero chekuongorora zvese zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvingangoita nyika dzehurongwa), izvo zvinozoita kuti hupamhi hwepamusoro-hwekuita ne kushandiswa kwesimba shoma.

Parizvino, mhando dzinoverengeka dzekuvimbisa quantum makomputa dzakagadzirwa munyika, asi hapana kana imwe yadzo yakapfuura kuita kweakanyanya simba emhando yepamusoro macomputer akagadzirwa. Kugadzira komputa yakadai seyokureva kuwana hukuru hwehuwandu. Zvinotendwa kuti kuti uwane hukuru hwakafanana hwehuwandu, zvinodikanwa kugadzira 49-qubit quantum komputa. Yaingove komputa yakadaro yakaziviswa munaGunyana pawebhusaiti yeNASA, mune bhuku rakakurumidza kunyangarika asi rakaburitsa ruzha rwakawanda.

Hypothetical njodzi kune blockchain

Kuvandudzwa kwehuwandu hwemakomputa uye quantum ruzivo sainzi, pamwe nekubatikana kwechinyorwa ichi munhau, kwamutsa runyerekupe rwekuti simba remakomputa rakakura rinogona kutyisidzira maredhi akagoverwa, cryptocurrencies, uye kunyanya kune network yeBitcoin. A akati wandei vezvenhau, kunyanya zviwanikwa zvinofukidza cryptocurrency misoro, gore rega rega inoburitsa ruzivo rwekuti quantum makomputa achakurumidza kuparadza blockchains. Vanyori veongororo kubva kuCornell University nesainzi vakatsigira mukana wekufungidzira wekubudirira kurwiswa nekombuta yehuwandu paBitcoin network. uyo akaburitsa iyi data pa avix.org. Pahwaro hwechinyorwa ichi izvo zvinyorwa zvakawanda nezve "Chiporofita 2027" zvakagadzirwa.

Paunenge uchigadzira cryptocurrencies, chimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru ndechekudzivirira kubva kune data falsification (somuenzaniso, pakusimbisa kubhadhara). Parizvino, kushandiswa kwecryptography uye registry yakagoverwa inobata nebasa iri chaizvo. Transaction data inochengetwa pa blockchain, iine makopi eiyo data yakagoverwa pakati pemamiriyoni evatori vechikamu network. Panyaya iyi, kuti uchinje data panetiweki kuitira kuti udzose kutengeserana (kuba mubhadharo), zvinodikanwa kupesvedzera zvidhinha zvese, uye izvi hazvigoneke pasina kusimbiswa kwemamirioni evashandisi. chiyero chekusachinjika kwedata, iyo blockchain inodzivirirwa zvakavimbika, kusanganisira kubva kuhuwandu hwekuverenga.

Chete chikwama chemushandisi chinogona kunetsa uye chinokanganisa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mune ramangwana rinoonekwa simba rekombuta yequantum rinogona kukwana kutsemura makiyi ega ega makumi matanhatu nemana uye iyi ndiyo chete mukana wekufungidzira kune chero kutyisidzira kubva kuquantum computing.

Nezve chokwadi chekutyisidzira

Chekutanga, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi nhanho iyo vagadziri ve quantum makomputa uye ndevapi avo vanogona chaizvo kupaza 64-manhamba kiyi. Semuyenzaniso, Vladimir Gisin, mumwe purofesa pa Financial University pasi Hurumende Russian Federation, akataura kuti Bitcoin blockchain anogona hacked munyika umo 100-qubit quantum makombiyuta aripo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyange kuvepo kwe49-qubit quantum komputa, inonzi yakagadzirwa neGoogle, haina kusimbiswa.

Parizvino, hapana fungidziro yakavimbika yekuti vaongorori vachawana riinhi hukuru, zvishoma kana 100-qubit quantum makomputa ichaonekwa. Uyezve, parizvino, quantum computing masisitimu inokwanisa kugadzirisa ipapo ipapo mashoma mashoma ematambudziko ane hunyanzvi. Kuvagadzirisa kuti vabire chero chinhu kunotora makore, uye pamwe kunyange makumi emakore, ebudiriro.

Jeffrey Tucker anotendawo kuti kutyisidzira kweBitcoin nemamwe makriptoaktiti kubva kumakomputa ehuwandu akawedzeredzwa, uye akaruramisa maonero ake mu. work "Kutyisidzira kuBitcoin kubva kuhuwandu hwekombuta." Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Tucker anotora mhedziso zvichienderana nebasa re quantum physicist kubva kuMacquarie University muSydney, Dr. Gavin Brennen. Nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuAustralia ine chokwadi chekuti:

"Tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemagetsi komputa huripo parizvino, mamiriro asina kunaka haagoneke."

I quote maererano forklog.
Brennen anotenda kuti ikozvino quantum zvivakwa zvine inononoka quantum gedhi kumhanya zvichienzaniswa nezvinodiwa kupaza kiyi ye cryptographic.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti unzwisise kuti kana uchiongorora iyo quantum kutyisidzira kune blockchains, kusanganisira BTC, vaongorori vanoshandisa data nezve yavo yazvino mamiriro. Avo. vanoongorora njodzi yemakiyi aripo nhasi ari kukanganiswa nemidziyo ichaonekwa mu10, 15, uye pamwe makore makumi mashanu kubva zvino.

Kudzoka muna 2017, IBM Director weDhipatimendi Dziviriro Nev Zunich akati matanho ekudzivirira kubva panjodzi dzine chekuita nequantum computing anofanirwa kuvandudzwa nhasi. Chirevo ichi chakanzwika, uye parizvino chiri kuvandudzwa post-quantum cryptography, iyo yakatogadzira nzira dzekudzivirira blockchains kubva pakurwisa kwequantum.

Nzira dzinonyanya kukosha dzekudzivirira blockchain kubva kuchiri kufungidzira quantum kutyisidzira kwaive kushandiswa kweimwe-nguva. Lamport/Winternitz digital siginecha, pamwe chete nekushandiswa masiginicha и huni Merkla.

Co-muvambi wezvigadzirwa zvemigodhi yekambani BitCluster Sergei Arestov ane chokwadi chokuti nzira dziripo dzemashure-quantum cryptography dzicharamba chero kuedza kwe quantum hack blockchain mumakore makumi mashanu anotevera. Iyo crypto-muzvinabhizimusi akapa mienzaniso yemapurojekiti ayo atove nhasi achifunga nezve njodzi dzine chekuita nekuvandudzwa kwemakomputa equantum:

"Nhasi kwatova nemapurojekiti akadai seQuantum-Resistant Ledger, iyo inoshandisa iyo Winternitz imwe-nguva siginecha algorithm uye Merkle muti, pamwe neiyo quantum-resistant blockchains IOTA neArQit. Zvingangodaro kuti panguva iyo paine kunyange mazano ekugadzira chimwe chinhu chinokwanisa kubaya makiyi eBitcoin kana Ether wallet, mari idzi dzichadzivirirwa kubva kuquantum computing, imwe yehunyanzvi hwekuvimbisa. "

Semhedziso

Taongorora zviri pamusoro, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti quantum makomputa mune ramangwana rinoonekwa haaise chero njodzi yakakomba kune cryptocurrencies uye blockchains. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kune zvichangobva kugadzirwa masisitimu uye kune aripo. Ngozi yekubirwa kwemaleja akagoverwa uye mari dzakatemerwa mari dzinofanirwa kunzwisiswa zvakanyanya sechinhu chingangoitika (chichikurudzira kusikwa kwemasisitimu akachengeteka) kupfuura sezvazvinogona kuitika muchokwadi.

Matambudziko anoyera mukana ndeaya anotevera:

• iyo "rawness" ye quantum computing uye kukosha kwekuigadzirisa kune inoenderana mashandiro;
• simba remakomputa risina kukwana munguva pfupi iri kutevera ("quantum supremacy" sezvizvi hazvivimbisi kuti kiyi ye64-digit inogona kutsemuka);
• kushandisa post-quantum cryptography kuchengetedza blockchain.

Ndingatenda maonero uye nhaurirano ine hupenyu mumhinduro uye kutora chikamu muongororo.

Zvinokosha!

Crypto assets, kusanganisira Bitcoin, inonyanya kushanduka (matengo avo anochinja kazhinji uye zvakanyanya); shanduko mumitengo yavo inokanganiswa zvakanyanya nefungidziro yemusika wemasheya. Naizvozvo, chero mari mu cryptocurrency ndeye iyi injodzi yakakomba. Ini ndingakurudzira zvakasimba kuisa mari mu cryptocurrency uye kuchera kune avo vanhu vakapfuma zvekuti kana vakarasikirwa nekudyara kwavo havazonzwa mhedzisiro yemagariro. Usambofa wadyara mari yako yekupedzisira, yako yekupedzisira yakakosha kuchengetedza, yako shoma yemhuri midziyo mune chero chinhu, kusanganisira cryptocurrencies.

Mifananidzo yakashandiswa, pamwe nemifananidzo kubva papeji ino.

Vashandisi vakanyoresa chete ndivo vanogona kutora chikamu muongororo. Nyorera mu, Munogamuchirwa.

Iwe unofunga quantum computing ichava kutyisidzira chaiko kune cryptocurrencies uye blockchains mumakore gumi?

• hongu, munyori nenyanzvi vanorerutsa kumhanya kwekuvandudza tekinoroji

• kwete, asi mumakore 15 vachaunza ngozi huru

• aiwa, zvinofanira kutora nguva yakareba

• hongu, masevhisi ehungwaru uye zvinokambaira zvagara zvine quantum supercomputer inokwanisa kubira chero blockchain.

• zvakaoma kufanotaura, hapana data rakavimbika rakakwana rekufanotaura

98 vashandisi vakavhota. 17 vashandisi vakaramba.

Source: www.habr.com