Heino yakarerekera, yakapusa uye isiri-tekinoroji ongororo yeUbuntu Linux 20.04 sisitimu yekushandisa uye nemhando dzayo shanu dzepamutemo. Kana iwe uchifarira kernel shanduro, glibc, snapd uye kuvapo kweyekuyedza wayland chikamu, ino haisi nzvimbo yako. Kana iri nguva yako yekutanga kunzwa nezve Linux uye iwe uchifarira kunzwisisa kuti munhu anga achishandisa Ubuntu kwemakore masere anofunga nezvazvo, saka ino ndiyo nzvimbo yako. Kana iwe uchingoda kuona chimwe chinhu chisina kuomesesa, chinosekesa zvishoma uye nemifananidzo, saka ino ndiyo nzvimbo yako zvakare. Kana zvichiita kwauri kuti kune zvakawanda zvisizvo, zvisizvo uye kukanganisa pasi pekucheka uye pane kushayikwa kwakakwana kwemafungiro - zvichida izvi zvakadaro, asi iyi isiri-technical uye yakarerekera kuongorora.
Kutanga, sumo pfupi yemusoro wenyaya. Operating systems iripo: , uye Linux. Wese munhu akanzwa nezveWindows, uye munhu wese akaishandisa. Anenge munhu wese akambonzwa nezvaMakosi, asi havasi vese vakazvishandisa. Haasi munhu wese akambonzwa nezveLinux, uye chete vakashinga uye vakashinga ndivo vakaishandisa.
Kune akawanda maLinux. Windows imwe system, MacOS zvakare imwe. Ehe, ivo vane shanduro: nomwe, sere, gumi kana High Sierra, Mojave, Catalina. Asi muchidimbu, iyi ndiyo imwe system, iyo inogara ichiitwa nekambani imwe. Kune mazana eLinux, uye anogadzirwa nevanhu vakasiyana uye makambani.
Nei kune maLinux akawanda kudaro? Linux pachayo haisi sisitimu yekushandisa, asi kernel, ndiko kuti, iyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu. Pasina kernel, hapana chinoshanda, asi kernel pachayo haina basa shoma kune avhareji mushandisi. Iwe unofanirwa kuwedzera boka rezvimwe zvikamu kune kernel, uye kuti zvese izvi zvive zvakanaka windows, zvidhori nemifananidzo padesktop, iwe unofanirwawo kudhonza izvo zvinonzi. graphical shell. Iyo kernel inogadzirwa nevamwe vanhu, zvimwe zvikamu nevamwe vanhu, uye graphical shell nevamwe. Kune zvakawanda zvinoumba uye makungu, uye anogona kusanganiswa nenzira dzakasiyana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vechina vanoonekwa vanoisa zvese pamwe chete uye vanogadzirira iyo inoshanda sisitimu mune yayo yakajairika fomu. Mune mamwe mazwi - kugovera kit Linux. Munhu mumwe chete anogona kugadzira kit yekugovera, saka kune akawanda ekugovera kits. Nenzira, "Russian operating systems" ndeyekugoverwa kweLinux, uye kubva kuRussia kune chete mapikicha anofinha edesktop, mapurogiramu akasiyana, pamwe nemidziyo yakasimbiswa yekushanda nezvakavanzika zvehurumende uye mamwe mashoko akavanzika.
Sezvo kune zvakawanda zvakagoverwa, zvakaoma kusarudza, uye izvi zvinova imwe musoro kune ani zvake akasarudza kuisa njodzi uye achiri kuedza kusiya Windows (kana MacOS). Mukuwedzera, hongu, kune mamwe matambudziko ekurambidza senge: "o, Linux yakaoma," "ndeyevagadziri chete," "Handibudiriri," "Ndinotya mutsara wekuraira." Uyezve, semazuva ese, vagadziri uye vashandisi vekugovera kwakasiyana vanogara vachipokana nezve Linux inotonhorera.
Kugoverwa kweLinux kuri kurwa nekubatana pamberi peMicrosoft's hegemony. Munyori wemufananidzo wepakutanga ndiS. Yolkin, uye zvinhu zvisipo zvakapedzwa nemunyori wechinyorwa
Ndakasarudza kugadzirisa sisitimu yekushandisa pakombuta yangu ndokutanga kusarudza. Pane imwe nguva ndainakidzwa seizvi - ndakadhawunirodha kugoverwa kweLinux ndikavayedza. Asi izvozvo zvakaitika kare kare. Linux yakachinja kubva ipapo, saka hazvizokuvadze kuyedza zvakare.
Pamazana akati wandei, ndakatora matanhatu. Zvose zvakasiyana-siyana . Ubuntu ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa kugovera. Zvichienderana neUbuntu, vakaita boka rezvimwe zvakagoverwa (hongu, hongu, ivo vari kuwedzerawo seizvi: kubva kune imwe Linux imwe yakaunganidzwa, pahwaro hwayo - chetatu, chechina, zvichingodaro kusvika pasisina zvitsva. mapikicha edesktop). Ndakashandisa imwe yeaya anogovaniswa (nenzira, Russian - inonzi), saka ndakatanga kuyedza Ubuntu nemhando dzayo dzepamutemo. nomwe. Pazvinomwe izvi, haufanirwe kutarisa maviri, nekuti mumwe wavo , uye imwe yacho . Ngatitarisei vashanu vasara pamwe nekutanga. Ehe, inonyatso kuzviisa pasi uye ine boka remashoko ane hukama.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu ndiyo yekutanga. Mune slang - "vanilla Ubuntu", kubva vanilla - standard, pasina chero akakosha maficha. Izvo zvakasara zvishanu zvakagoverwa zvakavakirwa pazviri uye zvinosiyana chete muiyo graphical shell: desktop, windows, mapaneru uye mabhatani. Ubuntu pachayo inotaridzika seMacOS, chete pani haisi pazasi, asi kuruboshwe (asi unogona kuifambisa pasi). Kuti zvese zviri muChirungu - ndanga ndangove nehusimbe hwekuchichinja; kutaura zvazviri, kune chiRussian ikoko zvakare.
Ubuntu pakarepo mushure mekubhoti
Katsi inopfura nemeso ndiyo chaiyo . Zvakafanana nekatsi, asi chaizvoizvo ndeyemhuri yakasiyana. Anogara kuMadagascar. Imwe neimwe vhezheni yeUbuntu ine yayo yekodhi zita: mhuka uye imwe mhando yechirevo. Shanduro 20.04 inonzi Focal Fossa. Focal inotarisa mupfungwa ye "central point", uye Fossa anoyeuchidzawo nezvayo - Yemahara uye Yakavhurika Source Software, yemahara yakavhurika sosi software. Saka mumufananidzo iyo Fossa iri kutarisa pane chimwe chinhu.
Pakutanga kuona maonero akanaka, asi anowedzera kuipa paunotanga kushanda. Kana iwe usingaone iyo yakajairwa pani ine yakavhurika windows, senge muWindows, saka zvese zvakanaka: hapana pani yakadaro. Uye kune zvidhori zvekumhanya zvikumbiro zvinoratidzwa, uye chimwe chinhu - Zviitwa, zvakafanana nerunyorwa rwezvirongwa zvakavhurika pa Android.
Isu tinodzidza kushandura pakati windows muUbuntu: dhonza mbeva uchienda kune Mabasa, tinya, nongedzera pahwindo, tinya zvakare. Munoona kuti zviri nyore sei?
Inotaridzika inokatyamadza, kunyanya neinoyevedza yakatsetseka mifananidzo, asi maererano nekureruka haina kunyatsonaka. Zvingave zvakanaka kana zvese zvandaigona kuita kwaive kuteerera mimhanzi uye kuona mafirimu pasina kusiya browser - asi ini ndinoda kugara ndichichinja pakati pezvirongwa, uye 10 windows yakavhurwa panguva imwe chete haina kujairika. Iye zvino fungidzira: nguva dzose paunoda kukwevera mouse pane imwe nzvimbo, chengetedza chimwe chinhu, dhonza pane imwe nzvimbo zvakare (uye tsvaga hwindo rinodiwa kwete nemusoro, asi nemufananidzo muduku), tora zvakare ... Kazhinji, mushure meawa. iwe unobva wada kuirasa kure system iyi uye usazodzokera kwairi. Iwe unogona, hongu, shandisa Alt-Tabs kushandura windows, asi izvi zvakare hunyengeri.
Nenzira, inoita senge Android nechikonzero. Muna 2011, vamwe vanhu vakangwara vakaita , akaona iPad ndokufunga kuti: βIri ndiro ramangwana. Ngatigadzire iyo interface kuitira kuti iite seApple uye kuti igone kushandiswa pahwendefa. Ipapo mahwendefa ese achange aine yedu graphical shell, isu tiri muchokoreti, uye " Nekuda kweizvozvo, mahwendefa eAroid ane I-Axis, uye kunyange Microsoft yakasara ipapo. Windows mhenyu uye mushe, asi yakajairwa Ubuntu interface yakarukwa. Uye, hongu, vanofarira zvakanyanya chete vanoshandisa Ubuntu pamapiritsi (ini ndichataura ipapo - handina kana kumboedza). Pamwe isu tinoda kudzosera zvese kumashure, asi pamusoro pemakore gumi kuedza kwakawanda uye mari yakaiswa mune iyi interface zvekuti inoramba ichigadzirwa. Zvakanaka, chii chandingati ... Anenge achiri akanaka. Kana zviri nyore kushandisa, zvinoita sekunge iwe unokwanisa kuisa mamwe ma-add-on anozodzosera yakajairika mapaneru ane windows. Asi ini handidi chaizvo kuedza navo.
Uyezve ini ndakaendawo kunotarisa kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa - Ubunta inodya gigabyte ye RAM nekukurumidza mushure mekubhoti. Yakada kufanana neWindows. Kwete ndatenda. Zvimwe zvacho zvinenge zvakarongeka.
Kubunta
Kana Ubuntu ichiita seMacOS, saka - kuna Windu. Zvionere wega.
Kubunta achangobva kurodha. Zita rekodhi zvakare Focal Fossa, asi mufananidzo wacho wakasiyana
Pano, nerufaro, hapana kuedza kugadzira hurongwa hwehwendefa, asi pane kuedza kugadzira nzvimbo yakajairika yekushanda kwekombiyuta yedesktop. Iyo desktop nharaunda inonzi KDE - usabvunze kuti inomirirei. Mukutaura kwakafanana - "sneakers". Saka iyo "K" muzita rekushandisa system. Ivo vanowanzoda vara "K": kana ichishanda, vanowedzera zita rechirongwa pakutanga; kana ikasashanda, hazvina basa, vanoiwedzera kumagumo ezita. Pamwe pacho vachaidhirowa pabheji.
Zvinonyatsokuyeuchidza nezveWindu?
Mucherechedzo wemuvara wakafanana ne "gumi", uye kunyange "ding" apo chiziviso chinoonekwa chakanyatsofanana ... Kutendeseka, kwete Kubunta, asi imwe rudzi rweWindubunta. Kuedza "kuchera" pasi peWindows kunoenda kure zvekuti unogona kugadzirisa mabhatani sepaWindows - zvisinei, nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero, senge muWindows 95 (tarisa skrini muzvirongwa pazasi kuruboshwe). Ehe, iyo sisitimu inogona "kushandurwa", nekuti zvese zviri muLinux zvinogoneka, uye zvino hazvichataridzi seWindows, asi iwe uchiri kuda kunyura muzvirongwa. Ehe, kana zvikaitika: kana ukabatidza windows uye mabhatani kubva pa95, saka sisitimu icharamba ichidya zviwanikwa senge muna 2020. Chokwadi, zvine mwero mune izvi: imwe 400 MB yendangariro mushure mekurodha hapana. Ndaisatombozvitarisira. Paiva nerunyerekupe rwakaramba rwuripo rwekuti "sneakers" vainonoka uye vane nzara yesimba. Asi zvinoita sekunge kwete. Zvikasadaro, ndiyo yakafanana Ubunta, nekuti tekinoroji ndiyo yakafanana system. Zvichida mamwe mapurogiramu akasiyana, asi Firefox neLibra Office zviripo zvakare.
Ubunta Mate
kuyedza kudzoreredza Ubuntu sezvazvaive pamberi pe2011. Ndokunge, kusvika iyo yekutanga yafunga kugadzira hurongwa hwemapiritsi uye yakaita zvandakaratidza pamusoro. Ipapo vamwe vanhu vakangwara vaisada kukanda mapfumo pasi vakatora kodhi yekare graphical shell ndokutanga kunatsa nekuitsigira. Ndinoyeuka zvakanaka kuti ndakabva ndatarisa basa ravo sekuyedza kugadzira zombies ndikafunga kuti: "Zvakanaka, zvakanaka, chirongwa ichi hachigoneki, chichatenderera kwemakore akati wandei uye kuvhara." Asi hezvino-zvave zvipenyu uye zvakanaka kweanoda kusvika makore gumi, zvakatoverengerwa mumhando dzepamutemo dzeUbuntu. Happenes. Zvakadaro, kuda kwevanhu zvemhando yepamusoro hakugoneki.
Hongu, hongu, pane mapaneru maviri! Kana paine, mapaneru aya maviri egrey mitsetse kumusoro uye pasi
Mate ndiMATE, zita reiyi girinhi graphical shell. Mate ndiye , chirimwa chakadaro chekuSouth America, ndicho chikonzero chiri chegirini. Uye mukwanyina ishamwari zvakare, saka vanonongedza ku "hushamwari". Mate haataridzike chero chinhu zvachose - kana Windu kana MaKos. Inotaridzika senge pachayo, kana kuti, senge zano rekutanga kubva kuLinux ye90s uye XNUMXs: kuita kwete imwe pani ine windows nemifananidzo, asi maviri: imwe ine windows, imwe ine zvidhori. Zvakanaka, zvakanaka, zvakashanda. Nenzira, iwe unogona kuona mamwe mana rectangles mukona yezasi yekurudyi - iyi idesktop switcher. MuWindows, chinhu chakadaro chakaonekwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, muLinux chave chiripo kubva kare. Senge, iwe unogona kuvhura chimwe chinhu chebhizinesi pane imwe desktop, wozochinja kune inotevera desktop uye ugare paVKontakte ipapo. Chokwadi, ini handina kumbobvira ndashandisa anopfuura desktop imwe.
Kana iwe ukavhura akawanda mahwindo, achaita seizvi
Zvikasadaro, ndiyo yakafanana Ubuntu, uye maererano nekushandisa zviwanikwa uye nekumhanyisa - senge yekutanga. Iyo zvakare inodya nyore gigabyte yekuyeuka mushure mekutakura. Handifungi kuti ndine urombo, asi zvichiri kugumbura neimwe nzira.
Ubunta-Baji
akaita zvisingaite: kuve akatonyanya kufanana neMaKos pane Ubuntu. Badji ndiro zita , zvimwe chete. Kunyangwe iwe wakazvifungidzira iwe pachako.
Yemahara MacOS Ubuntu-Badji pakarepo mushure mekurodha
Ndinotsanangura kuti chishamiso ichi chakaonekwa sei. Apo muna 2011 vamwe vanhu vakachenjera vakasarudza kugadzira Ubuntu yepiritsi ... hongu, hongu, ndipo pazvakatanga zvakare kugadzira panzvimbo ye zombies Chaizvo Munhu Mutsva achave neiyo nyowani graphical shell, iyo maererano nekureruka kwekushandisa ichave yakafanana neyekare uye isina kugadzirirwa mahwendefa, asi ichave inotonhorera, fashoni, uye tekinoroji. advanced. Takaita ndokuita ndokuwana zvakafanana naMaKos. Panguva imwecheteyo, vagadziri veiyo yekutanga Ubuntu vakaitawo uye vakaita uye vakawana chimwe chinhu chakafanana neMaKOS. Asi Badji, mumaonero angu, yakada kufanana: mushure mezvose, pani ine zvidhori iri pazasi chaipo, uye kwete padivi. Izvi, zvisinei, hazviiti kuti zvive nyore: nenzira imwecheteyo, handinzwisisi kuti ndingashandura sei pakati pemahwindo, handina kana kunzwisisa pakarepo kuti ndeipi.
Zvichida iwe unoona diki, diki diki pasi peiyo icon chaiyo? Izvi zvinoreva kuti purogiramu iri kushanda
Kazhinji, maererano nekureruka uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa, inosiyana zvishoma kubva kune yekutanga - iyo gigabyte yakafanana, sezvaungaona, uye matambudziko akafanana ne "kubayira nyore nekuda kwekunaka." Uyezve, sisitimu iyi inofanirwa kunge iine rimwe dambudziko: Baji ichiri chinhu chisinganyanye kufarirwa pane Ubuntu, saka mikana yekuti inogona kuve yakagadziridzwa zviri nyore kune zvaunofarira uye kugadziridzwa kana chimwe chinhu chikakanganisika ishoma.
Lubunta
- Iyi ndiyo Ubuntu yemakomputa asina simba ane simba shoma. "L" zvinoreva lightweight, kureva, kureruka. Zvakanaka, ini handingafonere 400 MB ye RAM mushure mekubhowa zvachose "yakareruka," asi zvakanaka, ngatitorei izwi redu pazviri.
Yakaremerwa, ndokutora selfie...
Zvakare zvakafanana neWindu uye sneakers, zvichiteerana. Hazvisi zvisinganzwisisiki kuti sneakers inobva pane imwe teknolojia (ini handisi kuzopinda mumashoko, asi iwe unogona google "Qt"). Chokwadi, kuti ugadzire chimwe chinhu chinokurumidza uye chishoma kushandisa tekinoroji imwe chete (kunyangwe isina kushanda ne "zvishoma kushata", tichitonga nekushandiswa kwendangariro), taifanira kutsiva boka rezvirongwa uye zvikamu nemaanalogues avo. , iyo inoratidzika seyo nyore uye naizvozvo inokurumidza kushanda. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvakava zvakanaka, asi maererano nemaonero ekuona, zvakanga zvisina kunaka.
Mahwindo echikoro chekare muchimiro cheWindows 95. Muchokwadi, iwe unogona kugadzira mamwe akanaka, asi zvinotora kudikitira
Zubunta
- Iyi ndeimwe "yakareruka" vhezheni yeUbuntu, asi neimwe graphical shell. Iyo graphical shell inonzi Xfce (ex-f-si-i!), Uye dzimwe nguva vanonyora kuti iri nderimwe remazita akashata muLinux. Mune slang - "gonzo", nekuti ndiyo logo yayo.
Mukona yekumusoro kuruboshwe iwe unogona kuona chiratidzo chine chiso chegonzo - iyi ndiyo logo yeiyo graphical shell. Hongu, uye nenyeredzi dziri kurudyi, zvinoita sekunge dzakadhirowawo chiso
Panyaya yechitarisiko, chinhu chiri pakati peWindows, MacOS uye yekutanga vhezheni. Muchokwadi, iyo socket inogona kutumirwa nyore pasi, uye ipapo ichaita seWindows. Panyaya yekubudirira maererano nezviwanikwa, zvakaita seLubunta. Pakazere, iyi ichokwadi yakanaka sisitimu, yakagadzirwa mune yakasarudzika dhizaini - kwete yepamusoro fashoni, asi yakanyatsokodzera basa.
zvakawanikwa
Hapana mhedziso. Kuravira kwakachena. Uyezve kune mamwe akawanda nuances ari ehunyanzvi uye anoenderana nekuti ndiani achashandisa zvirongwa zvipi uye kuti yakawanda sei yavari kukwenya kuchera pasi pehodhi yehurongwa, ndiko kuti, muzvirongwa. Chiyero changu pachedu pamwe ndeichi.
- Kubunta
- Zubunta
- Ubuntu
- Ubunta Mate
- Ubunta-Baji
- Lubunta
Kana iwe uri kuedza zvinorwadza kubatanidza chiyero chakadaro nezviri muchinyorwa uye unzwisise kuti sei izvi zvakadaro, usaedza. Kana iwe usingaone pfungwa, hongu, zvese zviri izvo, pamwe hazvisipo. Sezvandinotaura, inyaya yekuravira. Rangarira mufananidzo weVendecapian kubva pakutanga kwechinyorwa.
Uye usakanganwa kuti kune mazana ekugoverwa kweLinux. Saka pamwe mhedziso "haisi Ubuntu zvachose, chete ".
Source: www.habr.com