Kutariswa kwekuita kwePostgreSQL mibvunzo. Chikamu 1 - kushuma

Engineer - yakashandurwa kubva muchiLatin - yakafuridzirwa.
Injiniya anogona kuita chero chinhu. (c) R. Diesel.
Epigraphs.

Kana kuti nyaya yekuti sei maneja wedatabase achifanira kurangarira hurongwa hwake hwekare.

Foreword

Mazita ose akachinjwa. Kusanganeka kwacho kunongoitika. Nyaya yacho inomiririra maonero emunyori chete.

Disclaimer yewaranti: Nyaya yakarongwa yezvinyorwa haizove netsanangudzo yakadzama uye yakarurama yematafura uye zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa. Izvo zvinhu hazvigone kushandiswa nekukasira "AS IS".
Chekutanga, nekuda kwekuwanda kwezvinhu,
chechipiri, nekuda kwehukama hwepedyo nenheyo yekugadzira yemutengi chaiye.
Naizvozvo, zvinyorwa zvichange zvine chete mazano uye tsananguro mune yakajairika fomu.
Pamwe mune ramangwana sisitimu inokura kusvika padanho rekutumirwa paGitHub, kana kuti zvimwe kwete. Nguva icharatidza.

Kutanga kwenyaya - "Unorangarira here kuti zvakatanga sei".
Chii chakaitika semhedzisiro, mune zvakajairika mazwi - "Synthesis seimwe yenzira dzekuvandudza kuita kwePostgreSQL»

Sei ndichida zvese izvi?

Zvakanaka, kutanga, kuti usakanganwa, uchiyeuka mazuva anobwinya mukurega basa.
Chechipiri, kuronga zvakanyorwa. Nokuti dzimwe nguva ndinotanga kuvhiringidzika uye kukanganwa zvimwe zvikamu.

Zvakanaka, uye chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti inogona kuuya inobatsira kune mumwe munhu uye kumubatsira kudzivirira kudzoreredza vhiri uye kusatora reki. Mune mamwe mazwi, vandudza karma yako (kwete Khabrov's). Nokuti chinhu chinonyanya kukosha munyika ino mazano. Chinhu chikuru ndechokuwana pfungwa. Asi kushandura pfungwa kuti ive chokwadi mubvunzo wehunyanzvi.

Saka, ngatitangei, zvishoma nezvishoma...

Kugadziriswa kwedambudziko.

Inowanikwa:

PostgreSQL (10.5) dhatabhesi, yakasanganiswa mutoro mhando (OLTP + DSS), yepakati-yakareruka mutoro, uri mugore reAWS.
Iko hakuna dhatabhesi yekutarisa; yekutarisa zvivakwa inopihwa muchimiro cheyakajairwa AWS maturusi mune kushoma kurongeka.

Zvinotarisirwa:

Tarisa mashandiro uye chimiro cheiyo dhatabhesi, tsvaga uye uve neruzivo rwekutanga kugadzirisa inorema database mibvunzo.

Sumo pfupi kana kuongororwa kwesarudzo sarudzo

Kutanga, ngatiedzei kuongorora sarudzo dzekugadzirisa dambudziko kubva pakuona kwekuenzanisa kuongororwa kwezvibatsiro uye kuipa kweinjiniya, uye regai avo vane kodzero yevashandi vabatane nekubatsira uye kurasikirwa kwehutungamiri.

Sarudzo 1 - "Kushanda pane zvinodiwa"

Tinosiya zvose sezvazviri. Kana mutengi asina kugutsikana nechimwe chinhu mukushanda, kuita kwedhatabhesi kana application, anozivisa mainjiniya eDBA nee-mail kana nekugadzira chiitiko mutireyi yetikiti.
Injiniya, agamuchira chiziviso, achanzwisisa dambudziko, kupa mhinduro kana kuisa dambudziko pamoto wemoto, achitarisira kuti zvinhu zvose zvichazvigadzirisa, uye zvakadaro, zvose zvichakurumidza kukanganwika.
Gingerbread uye donuts, mavanga nemapunduGingerbread uye donuts:
1. Hapana chikonzero chekuita chimwe chinhu chekuwedzera.
2. Pane nguva dzose mukana wekupa zvikonzero uye kukorovhera.
3. Nguva yakawanda yaunogona kupedza nekufunga kwako.
Mavanga nemapundu:
1. Nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, mutengi achafunga nezvechikonzero chekuvapo uye kururamisira kwepasi rose munyika ino uye azvibvunza zvakare mubvunzo - nei ndiri kuvabhadhara mari yangu? Mhedzisiro yacho inogara yakafanana - mubvunzo chete ndewekuti mutengi achafinhwa uye achaoneka. Uye chekudyisa chinenge chisina. Zvinosuwisa.
2. Engineer development - zero.
3. Zvinetso pakuronga basa uye kurodha

Sarudzo 2- "Kutamba nematambureni, kupisa uye kupfeka shangu"

Ndima 1-Nei isu tichida yekutarisa system, isu tinogashira zvese nezvikumbiro. Isu tinomhanyisa boka remhando dzese dzemibvunzo kuduramazwi redata uye maonero ane simba, kubatidza marudzi ese emakaunta, kuisa zvese mumatafura, uye nguva nenguva kuongorora rondedzero nematafura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, isu tine yakanaka kana kwete yakanaka magirafu, matafura, mishumo. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuva nezvakawanda, zvakawanda.
Ndima 2-Isu tinogadzira chiitiko uye tinotanga kuongororwa kwezvose izvi.
Ndima 3-Tiri kugadzirira rimwe gwaro, tinodaidza gwaro iri nyore - "tingagadzira sei dhatabhesi."
Ndima 4-Mutengi, achiona kubwinya uku kwegirafu nenhamba, ari mumwana, asina ruzivo rwekuvimba - ikozvino zvese zvichashanda kwatiri, munguva pfupi. Uye, anogovana zviri nyore uye zvisingarwadze nemari yake. Iwo manejimendi ane chivimbo chekuti mainjiniya edu anoshanda zvakanyanya. Loading at maximum.
Ndima 5-Dzokorora Danho 1 nguva dzose.
Gingerbread uye donuts, mavanga nemapunduGingerbread uye donuts:
1. Hupenyu hwemamaneja uye mainjiniya huri nyore, hunofanotaurwa uye huzere nebasa. Zvese zviri kurira, munhu wese ari kubatikana.
2. Hupenyu hwemutengi zvakare hauna kuipa - anogara aine chokwadi chekuti anongoda kushivirira zvishoma uye zvese zvichabuda. Haisi kuita zvirinani, zvakanaka, nyika haina kunaka, muhupenyu hunotevera unenge uine rombo rakanaka.
Mavanga nemapundu:
1. Nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, pachava nemupi anokurumidza webasa rakafanana uyo achaita chinhu chimwe chete, asi zvishoma zvishoma. Uye kana mhedzisiro yacho yakafanana, sei uchibhadhara zvakanyanya. Izvo zvichazotungamira zvakare mukunyangarika kweanodyisa.
2. Zvinobhowa. Zvinofinha sei kuita chero kusina zvakunoreva.
3. Sezvakaita mushanduro yapfuura, hapana kubudirira. Asi kune injinjiniya, iyo yakaderera ndeyekuti, kusiyana neyekutanga sarudzo, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchigadzira IBD. Uye izvi zvinotora nguva. Izvo zvaunogona kushandisa kuti zvibatsire mudiwa wako. Nekuti haugone kuzvitarisira iwe, hapana anokupa dhamu pamusoro pako.

Sarudzo 3 - Haufanire kugadzira bhasikoro, unongoda kuitenga uye kukwira.

Hazvisi pasina kuti mainjiniya kubva kune mamwe makambani anodya pizza nedoro (o, mazuva ekubwinya kweSt. Petersburg mu90s). Ngatishandisei masisitimu ekutarisisa anogadzirwa, akagadziriswa uye anoshanda, uye kazhinji kutaura kubatsirwa (zvakanaka, zvirinani kuvagadziri vavo).
Gingerbread uye donuts, mavanga nemapunduGingerbread uye donuts:
1. Hapana chikonzero chekutambisa nguva uchiuya nechimwe chinhu chakatogadzirwa. Tora ushandise.
2. Monitoring systems haina kunyorwa nemapenzi uye ivo, zvechokwadi, zvinobatsira.
3. Maitiro ekutarisa ekushanda anowanzo kupa ruzivo rwakasefa runobatsira.
Mavanga nemapundu:
1. Injiniya mune iyi kesi haasi injinjini, asi mushandisi wechigadzirwa chemumwe munhu. Kana mushandisi.
2. Mutengi anofanira kuva nechokwadi chekudiwa kwekutenga chimwe chinhu icho, kazhinji kutaura, haadi kunzwisisa, uye haafaniri, uye kazhinji bhajeti yegore yakagamuchirwa uye haizoshanduki. Ipapo iwe unofanirwa kugovera yakaparadzana sosi uye kuigadzirisa kune yakatarwa system. Avo. kutanga unofanira kubhadhara, kubhadhara uye kubhadhara zvakare. Uye mutengi anonyima. Aya ndiwo maitiro ehupenyu huno.

Chii chekuita - Chernyshevsky? Mubvunzo wako wakakosha. (Ne)

Muchiitiko ichi uye mamiriro azvino, unogona kuzviita zvishoma zvakasiyana - ngatiite yedu yekutarisa system.

Zvakanaka, kwete sisitimu, hongu, mupfungwa izere yeshoko, iyo yakanyanya ruzha uye kuzvikudza, asi neimwe nzira ita kuti basa rako rive nyore uye unganidza rumwe ruzivo kugadzirisa zviitiko zvekuita. Kuti usazviwana uri mumamiriro ezvinhu - "enda ikoko, handizivi kupi, tsvaga chimwe chinhu, ini handizivi."

Ndezvipi zvakanakira uye zvakaipira sarudzo iyi:

Pros:
1. Izvi zvinonakidza. Zvakanaka, zvirinani zvinonakidza kupfuura zvinogara "shrink datafile, alter tablespace, etc."
2. Aya ndiwo hunyanzvi hutsva nekuvandudzwa kutsva. Izvo, nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, zvichakupa iwe wakanyatsokodzera gingerbread uye donuts.
Cons:
1. Unofanira kushanda. Shanda nesimba.
2. Unozofanira kugara uchitsanangura zvinoreva uye tarisiro yezviitwa zvese.
3. Chimwe chinhu chichafanira kubayirwa, nokuti iyo chete sosi inowanikwa kune injiniya - nguva - inogumira neUniverse.
4. Chinhu chakaipisisa uye chisingafadzi - mhedzisiro inogona kunge iri bhuru senge "Kwete mbeva, kwete datya, asi mhuka isingazivikanwe."

Avo vasingatore njodzi havanwi champagne.
Saka - kunakidzwa kunotanga.

General pfungwa - schematically

(Mufananidzo wakatorwa muchinyorwa «Synthesis seimwe yenzira dzekuvandudza kuita kwePostgreSQL")

Tsananguro:

• Iyo yakajairwa PostgreSQL yekuwedzera "pg_stat_statements" yakaiswa mune inotarirwa dhatabhesi.
• Mune dhatabhesi rekutarisa, tinogadzira seti yematafura ebasa rekuchengetedza pg_stat_statements nhoroondo panguva yekutanga uye yekumisikidza metrics uye yekutarisa mune ramangwana.
• Pamuiti wekutarisa, tinogadzira seti yezvinyorwa zvebash, kusanganisira izvo zvekugadzira zviitiko mutiketi system.

Matafura ebasa

Kutanga, chirongwa chakarerutswa ERD, chii chakaitika pakupedzisira:

Tsanangudzo pfupi yematafuraendpoint - host, nzvimbo yekubatanidza kune muenzaniso
Database - database parameters
pg_stat_history - tafura yenhoroondo yekuchengetedza zvidhori zvenguva pfupi zve pg_stat_statements maonero eiyo inotarirwa dhatabhesi
metric_glossary - Duramazwi rekuita metrics
metric_config -kugadziriswa kwema metrics ega ega
arşive - metric chaiyo yechikumbiro chiri kutariswa
metric_alert_history - nhoroondo yekunyevera kwekuita
log_query - tafura yebasa yekuchengetedza marekodhi akapatsanurwa kubva kuPostgreSQL log faira yakatorwa kubva kuAWS
mutsara - zvimiro zvenguva dzenguva dzinoshandiswa sehwaro
nzvimbo yekutarisa -kugadziriswa kwema metrics ekutarisa mamiriro e database
checkpoint_alert_history - yambiro nhoroondo yedatabase yehutano cheki metrics
pg_stat_db_queries - tafura yebasa yezvikumbiro zvinoshanda
chiitiko_log - tafura yebasa rekuita
trap_oid - Tafura yekumisikidza sevhisi tafura

Nhanho 1 - unganidza ruzivo rwehuwandu nezvekuita uye kugamuchira mishumo

Tafura inoshandiswa kuchengetedza ruzivo rwenhamba pg_stat_history
pg_stat_history tafura chimiro

                                          Table "public.pg_stat_history" Column | Type | Modifiers------------------------------------------------ - -+------------------------------------------ id | nhamba | not null default nextval('pg_stat_history_id_seq'::regclass) snapshot_timestamp | timestamp pasina nguva zone | database_id | nhamba | dbid | oid | userid | oid | queryid | bigint | mubvunzo | text | kufona | bigint | total_time | kunyatsoita kaviri | min_time | kunyatsoita kaviri | max_time | kunyatsoita kaviri | mean_time | kunyatsoita kaviri | stddev_time | kunyatsoita kaviri | mitsara | bigint | shared_blks_hit | bigint | shared_blks_read | bigint | shared_blks_dirtied | bigint | shared_blks_written | bigint | local_blks_hit | bigint | local_blks_read | bigint | local_blks_dirtied | bigint | local_blks_written | bigint | temp_blks_read | bigint | temp_blks_written | bigint | blk_read_time | kunyatsoita kaviri | blk_write_time | kunyatsoita kaviri | baseline_id | nhamba | Indexes: "pg_stat_history_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id) "database_idx" btree (database_id) "queryid_idx" btree (queryid) "snapshot_timestamp_idx" btree (snapshot_timestamp) Kunze-kiyi dhata zvipingamupinyi REYFENdata zvipingamupinyi NCES dhatabhesi(id ) PAKUDZIDZA CASCADE

Sezvauri kuona, tafura ingori yekuwedzera yekuona data pg_stat_statements mune yakananga database.

Kushandisa tafura iyi kuri nyore kwazvo

pg_stat_history inomiririra yakaunganidzwa manhamba emubvunzo wekuita kweawa yega yega. Pakutanga kweawa imwe neimwe, mushure mekuzadza tafura, nhamba pg_stat_statements reset with pg_stat_statements_reset().
Cherechedza: Nhamba dzinounganidzwa pamibvunzo ine nguva yekuuraya inodarika 1 sekondi.
Kuburitsa iyo pg_stat_history tafura

--pg_stat_history.sql
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_stat_history( ) RETURNS boolean AS $$
DECLARE
  endpoint_rec record ;
  database_rec record ;
  pg_stat_snapshot record ;
  current_snapshot_timestamp timestamp without time zone;
BEGIN
  current_snapshot_timestamp = date_trunc('minute',now());  
  
  FOR endpoint_rec IN SELECT * FROM endpoint 
  LOOP
    FOR database_rec IN SELECT * FROM database WHERE endpoint_id = endpoint_rec.id 
	  LOOP
	    
		RAISE NOTICE 'NEW SHAPSHOT IS CREATING';
		
		--Connect to the target DB	  
	    EXECUTE 'SELECT dblink_connect(''LINK1'',''host='||endpoint_rec.host||' dbname='||database_rec.name||' user=USER password=PASSWORD '')';
 
        RAISE NOTICE 'host % and dbname % ',endpoint_rec.host,database_rec.name;
		RAISE NOTICE 'Creating snapshot of pg_stat_statements for database %',database_rec.name;
		
		SELECT 
	      *
		INTO 
		  pg_stat_snapshot
	    FROM dblink('LINK1',
	      'SELECT 
	       dbid , SUM(calls),SUM(total_time),SUM(rows) ,SUM(shared_blks_hit) ,SUM(shared_blks_read) ,SUM(shared_blks_dirtied) ,SUM(shared_blks_written) , 
           SUM(local_blks_hit) , SUM(local_blks_read) , SUM(local_blks_dirtied) , SUM(local_blks_written) , SUM(temp_blks_read) , SUM(temp_blks_written) , SUM(blk_read_time) , SUM(blk_write_time)
	       FROM pg_stat_statements WHERE dbid=(SELECT oid from pg_database where datname=current_database() ) 
		   GROUP BY dbid
  	      '
	               )
	      AS t
	       ( dbid oid , calls bigint , 
  	         total_time double precision , 
	         rows bigint , shared_blks_hit bigint , shared_blks_read bigint ,shared_blks_dirtied bigint ,shared_blks_written	 bigint ,
             local_blks_hit	 bigint ,local_blks_read bigint , local_blks_dirtied bigint ,local_blks_written bigint ,
             temp_blks_read	 bigint ,temp_blks_written bigint ,
             blk_read_time double precision , blk_write_time double precision	  
	       );
		 
		INSERT INTO pg_stat_history
          ( 
		    snapshot_timestamp  ,database_id  ,
			dbid , calls  ,total_time ,
            rows ,shared_blks_hit  ,shared_blks_read  ,shared_blks_dirtied  ,shared_blks_written ,local_blks_hit , 	 	
            local_blks_read,local_blks_dirtied,local_blks_written,temp_blks_read,temp_blks_written, 	
            blk_read_time, blk_write_time 
		  )		  
	    VALUES
	      (
	       current_snapshot_timestamp ,
		   database_rec.id ,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.dbid ,pg_stat_snapshot.calls,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.total_time,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.rows ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_hit ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_read ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_dirtied ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_written , 
           pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_hit , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_read , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_dirtied , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_written , 
	       pg_stat_snapshot.temp_blks_read , pg_stat_snapshot.temp_blks_written , pg_stat_snapshot.blk_read_time , pg_stat_snapshot.blk_write_time 	   
	      );		   
		  
        RAISE NOTICE 'Creating snapshot of pg_stat_statements for queries with min_time more than 1000ms';
	
        FOR pg_stat_snapshot IN
          --All queries with max_time greater than 1000 ms
	      SELECT 
	        *
	      FROM dblink('LINK1',
	        'SELECT 
	         dbid , userid ,queryid,query,calls,total_time,min_time ,max_time,mean_time, stddev_time ,rows ,shared_blks_hit ,
			 shared_blks_read ,shared_blks_dirtied ,shared_blks_written , 
             local_blks_hit , local_blks_read , local_blks_dirtied , 
			 local_blks_written , temp_blks_read , temp_blks_written , blk_read_time , 
			 blk_write_time
	         FROM pg_stat_statements 
			 WHERE dbid=(SELECT oid from pg_database where datname=current_database() AND min_time >= 1000 ) 
  	        '

	                  )
	        AS t
	         ( dbid oid , userid oid , queryid bigint ,query text , calls bigint , 
  	           total_time double precision ,min_time double precision	 ,max_time double precision	 , mean_time double precision	 ,  stddev_time double precision	 , 
	           rows bigint , shared_blks_hit bigint , shared_blks_read bigint ,shared_blks_dirtied bigint ,shared_blks_written	 bigint ,
               local_blks_hit	 bigint ,local_blks_read bigint , local_blks_dirtied bigint ,local_blks_written bigint ,
               temp_blks_read	 bigint ,temp_blks_written bigint ,
               blk_read_time double precision , blk_write_time double precision	  
	         )
	    LOOP
		  INSERT INTO pg_stat_history
          ( 
		    snapshot_timestamp  ,database_id  ,
			dbid ,userid  , queryid  , query  , calls  ,total_time ,min_time ,max_time ,mean_time ,stddev_time ,
            rows ,shared_blks_hit  ,shared_blks_read  ,shared_blks_dirtied  ,shared_blks_written ,local_blks_hit , 	 	
            local_blks_read,local_blks_dirtied,local_blks_written,temp_blks_read,temp_blks_written, 	
            blk_read_time, blk_write_time 
		  )		  
	      VALUES
	      (
	       current_snapshot_timestamp ,
		   database_rec.id ,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.dbid ,pg_stat_snapshot.userid ,pg_stat_snapshot.queryid,pg_stat_snapshot.query,pg_stat_snapshot.calls,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.total_time,pg_stat_snapshot.min_time ,pg_stat_snapshot.max_time,pg_stat_snapshot.mean_time, pg_stat_snapshot.stddev_time ,
	       pg_stat_snapshot.rows ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_hit ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_read ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_dirtied ,pg_stat_snapshot.shared_blks_written , 
           pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_hit , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_read , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_dirtied , pg_stat_snapshot.local_blks_written , 
	       pg_stat_snapshot.temp_blks_read , pg_stat_snapshot.temp_blks_written , pg_stat_snapshot.blk_read_time , pg_stat_snapshot.blk_write_time 	   
	      );
		  
        END LOOP;

        PERFORM dblink_disconnect('LINK1');  
				
	  END LOOP ;--FOR database_rec IN SELECT * FROM database WHERE endpoint_id = endpoint_rec.id 
    
  END LOOP;

RETURN TRUE;  
END
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushure meimwe nguva yenguva mutafura pg_stat_history tichava neseti yezvipfupi zvezviri mukati metafura pg_stat_statements target database.

Kutaura chokwadi

Uchishandisa mibvunzo yakapusa, unogona kuwana mishumo inobatsira uye inonakidza.

Yakasanganiswa data yenguva yakatarwa

Kumbira

SELECT 
  database_id , 
  SUM(calls) AS calls ,SUM(total_time)  AS total_time ,
  SUM(rows) AS rows , SUM(shared_blks_hit)  AS shared_blks_hit,
  SUM(shared_blks_read) AS shared_blks_read ,
  SUM(shared_blks_dirtied) AS shared_blks_dirtied,
  SUM(shared_blks_written) AS shared_blks_written , 
  SUM(local_blks_hit) AS local_blks_hit , 
  SUM(local_blks_read) AS local_blks_read , 
  SUM(local_blks_dirtied) AS local_blks_dirtied , 
  SUM(local_blks_written)  AS local_blks_written,
  SUM(temp_blks_read) AS temp_blks_read, 
  SUM(temp_blks_written) temp_blks_written , 
  SUM(blk_read_time) AS blk_read_time , 
  SUM(blk_write_time) AS blk_write_time
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NULL AND
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
GROUP BY database_id ;

DB Nguva

ku_char(nguva '1 millisecond' * pg_total_stat_history_rec.total_time, 'HH24:MI:SS.MS')

I/O Nguva

ku_char(interval '1 millisecond' * ( pg_total_stat_history_rec.blk_read_time + pg_total_stat_history_rec.blk_write_time ), 'HH24:MI:SS.MS')

TOP10 SQL by total_time

Kumbira

SELECT 
  queryid , 
  SUM(calls) AS calls ,
  SUM(total_time)  AS total_time  	
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT 
GROUP BY queryid 
ORDER BY 3 DESC 
LIMIT 10

------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- | TOP10 SQL BY NGUVA YOSE YEKUITA | #| queryid| kufona| kufona %| total_time (ms) | dbtime % +------------------------------------------------+ ------ --------------------------+------------ 1| 821760255| 2| .00001|00:03:23.141( 203141.681 ms.)| 5.42 | 2| 4152624390| 2| .00001|00:03:13.929( 193929.215 ms.)| 5.17 | 3| 1484454471| 4| .00001|00:02:09.129( 129129.057 ms.)| 3.44 | 4| 655729273| 1| .00000|00:02:01.869( 121869.981 ms.)| 3.25 | 5| 2460318461| 1| .00000|00:01:33.113( 93113.835 ms.)| 2.48 | 6| 2194493487| 4| .00001|00:00:17.377( 17377.868 ms.)| .46 | 7| 1053044345| 1| .00000|00:00:06.156( 6156.352 ms.)| .16 | 8| 3644780286| 1| .00000|00:00:01.063( 1063.830 ms.)| .03

TOP10 SQL nehuwandu hweI/O nguva

Kumbira

SELECT 
  queryid , 
  SUM(calls) AS calls ,
  SUM(blk_read_time + blk_write_time)  AS io_time
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
GROUP BY  queryid 
ORDER BY 3 DESC 
LIMIT 10

------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- | TOP10 SQL BY TOTAL I/O NGUVA | #| queryid| kufona| kufona %| I/O nguva (ms)|db I/O nguva % +----+--------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- ------ -- | 1| 4152624390| 2| .00001|00:08:31.616( 511616.592 ms.)| 31.06 | 2| 821760255| 2| .00001|00:08:27.099( 507099.036 ms.)| 30.78 | 3| 655729273| 1| .00000|00:05:02.209( 302209.137 ms.)| 18.35 | 4| 2460318461| 1| .00000|00:04:05.981( 245981.117 ms.)| 14.93 | 5| 1484454471| 4| .00001|00:00:39.144( 39144.221 ms.)| 2.38 | 6| 2194493487| 4| .00001|00:00:18.182( 18182.816 ms.)| 1.10 | 7| 1053044345| 1| .00000|00:00:16.611( 16611.722 ms.)| 1.01 | 8| 3644780286| 1| .00000|00:00:00.436( 436.205 ms.)| .03

TOP10 SQL nenguva yakawanda yekuurayiwa

Kumbira

SELECT 
  id AS snapshotid , 
  queryid , 
  snapshot_timestamp ,  
  max_time 
FROM 
  pg_stat_history 
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
ORDER BY 4 DESC 
LIMIT 10

------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- | TOP10 SQL BY MAX KUITA NGUVA | #| mufananidzo| snapshotID| queryid| max_time (ms) +----+------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------ | 1| 05.04.2019/01/03 4169:655729273| 00| 02| 01.869:121869.981:2( 04.04.2019 ms.) | 17| 00/4153/821760255 00:01| 41.570| 101570.841| 3:04.04.2019:16( 00 ms.) | 4146| 821760255/00/01 41.570:101570.841| 4| 04.04.2019| 16:00:4144( 4152624390 ms.) | 00| 01/36.964/96964.607 5:04.04.2019| 17| 00| 4151:4152624390:00(01 ms.) | 36.964| 96964.607/6/05.04.2019 10:00| 4188| 1484454471| 00:01:33.452(93452.150 ms.) | 7| 04.04.2019/17/00 4150:2460318461| 00| 01| 33.113:93113.835:8( 04.04.2019 ms.) | 15| 00/4140/1484454471 00:00| 11.892| 11892.302| 9:04.04.2019:16(00 ms.) | 4145| 1484454471/00/00 11.892:11892.302| 10| 04.04.2019| 17:00:4152( 1484454471 ms.) | 00| 00/11.892/11892.302 XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX:XNUMX:XNUMX( XNUMX ms.) | XNUMX| XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX:XNUMX:XNUMX( XNUMX ms.)

TOP10 SQL ne SHARED buffer kuverenga/nyora

Kumbira

SELECT 
  id AS snapshotid , 
  queryid ,
  snapshot_timestamp , 
  shared_blks_read , 
  shared_blks_written 
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT AND
  ( shared_blks_read > 0 OR shared_blks_written > 0 )
ORDER BY 4 DESC  , 5 DESC 
LIMIT 10

------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ | TOP10 SQL NEKUGOVA BUFFER VERENGA/NYORA | #| mufananidzo| snapshotID| queryid| mabhuroko akagovaniswa akaverengwa| nyora zvidhinha +----+------------------------------------------- -+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1| 04.04.2019/17/00 4153:821760255| 797308| 0| 2| 04.04.2019 | 16| 00/4146/821760255 797308:0| 3| 05.04.2019| 01| 03 | 4169| 655729273/797158/0 4:04.04.2019| 16| 00| 4144| 4152624390 | 756514| 0/5/04.04.2019 17:00| 4151| 4152624390| 756514| 0 | 6| 04.04.2019/17/00 4150:2460318461| 734117| 0| 7| 04.04.2019 | 17| 00/4155/3644780286 52973:0| 8| 05.04.2019| 01| 03 | 4168| 1053044345/52818/0 9:04.04.2019| 15| 00| 4141| 2194493487 | 52813| 0/10/04.04.2019 16:00| 4147| 2194493487| 52813| 0 | XNUMX| XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX | XNUMX| XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX ------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------

Histogram yekugovera zvikumbiro neyakakura yekuuraya nguva

Zvikumbiro

SELECT  
  MIN(max_time) AS hist_min  , 
  MAX(max_time) AS hist_max , 
  (( MAX(max_time) - MIN(min_time) ) / hist_columns ) as hist_width
FROM 
  pg_stat_history 
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT ;

SELECT 
  SUM(calls) AS calls
FROM 
  pg_stat_history 
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND
  database_id =DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT AND 
  ( max_time >= hist_current_min AND  max_time < hist_current_max ) ;

|---------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------- | MAX_TIME HIstoGRAM | ZVINOFANIRA ZVOSE: 33851920 | MIN TIME: 00:00:01.063 | MAX NGUVA: 00:02:01.869 ------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------- | min duration| max duration| kufona +------------------------------------------------- ---------------------+----------- | 00:00:01.063( 1063.830 ms.) | 00:00:13.144( 13144.445 ms.) | 9 | 00:00:13.144( 13144.445 ms.) | 00:00:25.225( 25225.060 ms.) | 0 | 00:00:25.225( 25225.060 ms.) | 00:00:37.305( 37305.675 ms.) | 0 | 00:00:37.305( 37305.675 ms.) | 00:00:49.386( 49386.290 ms.) | 0 | 00:00:49.386( 49386.290 ms.) | 00:01:01.466( 61466.906 ms.) | 0 | 00:01:01.466( 61466.906 ms.) | 00:01:13.547( 73547.521 ms.) | 0 | 00:01:13.547( 73547.521 ms.) | 00:01:25.628( 85628.136 ms.) | 0 | 00:01:25.628( 85628.136 ms.) | 00:01:37.708( 97708.751 ms.) | 4 | 00:01:37.708( 97708.751 ms.) | 00:01:49.789( 109789.366 ms.) | 2 | 00:01:49.789( 109789.366 ms.) | 00:02:01.869( 121869.981 ms.) | 0

TOP10 Snapshots neKubvunza paSekondi

Zvikumbiro

--pg_qps.sql
--Calculate Query Per Second 
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pg_qps( pg_stat_history_id integer ) RETURNS double precision AS $$
DECLARE
 pg_stat_history_rec record ;
 prev_pg_stat_history_id integer ;
 prev_pg_stat_history_rec record;
 total_seconds double precision ;
 result double precision;
BEGIN 
  result = 0 ;
  
  SELECT *
  INTO pg_stat_history_rec
  FROM 
    pg_stat_history
  WHERE id = pg_stat_history_id ;

  IF pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp IS NULL 
  THEN
    RAISE EXCEPTION 'ERROR - Not found pg_stat_history for id = %',pg_stat_history_id;
  END IF ;  
  
 --RAISE NOTICE 'pg_stat_history_id = % , snapshot_timestamp = %', pg_stat_history_id , 
 pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp ;
  
  SELECT 
    MAX(id)   
  INTO
    prev_pg_stat_history_id
  FROM
    pg_stat_history
  WHERE 
    database_id = pg_stat_history_rec.database_id AND
	queryid IS NULL AND
	id < pg_stat_history_rec.id ;

  IF prev_pg_stat_history_id IS NULL 
  THEN
    RAISE NOTICE 'Not found previous pg_stat_history shapshot for id = %',pg_stat_history_id;
	RETURN NULL ;
  END IF;
  
  SELECT *
  INTO prev_pg_stat_history_rec
  FROM 
    pg_stat_history
  WHERE id = prev_pg_stat_history_id ;
  
  --RAISE NOTICE 'prev_pg_stat_history_id = % , prev_snapshot_timestamp = %', prev_pg_stat_history_id , prev_pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp ;    

  total_seconds = extract(epoch from ( pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp - prev_pg_stat_history_rec.snapshot_timestamp ));
  
  --RAISE NOTICE 'total_seconds = % ', total_seconds ;    
  
  --RAISE NOTICE 'calls = % ', pg_stat_history_rec.calls ;      
  
  IF total_seconds > 0 
  THEN
    result = pg_stat_history_rec.calls / total_seconds ;
  ELSE
   result = 0 ; 
  END IF;
   
 RETURN result ;
END
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;


SELECT 
  id , 
  snapshot_timestamp ,
  calls , 	
  total_time , 
  ( select pg_qps( id )) AS QPS ,
  blk_read_time ,
  blk_write_time
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT AND
  ( select pg_qps( id )) IS NOT NULL 
ORDER BY 5 DESC 
LIMIT 10

|---------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------- | TOP10 Snapshots akarairwa neQueryPerSeconds manhamba -------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- | #| mufananidzo| snapshotID| kufona| yakazara dbtime| QPS| I/O nguva| I/O nguva % +-----+---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -+-------------------------------------- 1| 04.04.2019/20/04 4161:5758631| 00| 06| 30.513:390513.926:1573.396( 00 ms.)| 00| 01.470:1470.110:376( 2 ms.)| .04.04.2019 | 17| 00/4149/3529197 00:11| 48.830| 708830.618| 980.332:00:12( 47.834 ms.)| 767834.052| 108.324:3:04.04.2019( 16 ms.)| 00 | 4143| 3525360/00/10 13.492:613492.351| 979.267| 00| 08:41.396:521396.555( 84.988 ms.)| 4| 04.04.2019:21:03(4163 ms.)| 2781536 | 00| 03/06.470/186470.979 785.745:00| 00| 00.249| 249.865:134:5( 04.04.2019 ms.)| 19| 03:4159:2890362(00 ms.)| .03 | 16.784| 196784.755 776.979:00| 00| 01.441| 1441.386:732:6( 04.04.2019 ms.)| 14| 00:4137:2397326( 00 ms.)| .04 | 43.033| 283033.854/665.924/00 00:00.024| 24.505| 009| 7:04.04.2019:15( 00 ms.)| 4139| 2394416:00:04(51.435 ms.)| .291435.010 | 665.116| 00/00/12.025 12025.895:4.126| 8| 04.04.2019| 13:00:4135( 2373043 ms.)| 00| 04:26.791:266791.988( 659.179 ms.)| 00 | 00| 00.064 64.261:024| 9| 05.04.2019| 01:03:4167( 4387191 ms.)| 00| 06:51.380:411380.293( 609.332 ms.)| .00 | 05| 18.847/318847.407/77.507 10:04.04.2019| 18| 01| 4157:1145596:00( 01 ms.)| 19.217| 79217.372:313.004:00( 00 ms.)| 01.319 | 1319.676| 1.666/XNUMX/XNUMX XNUMX:XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX| XNUMX:XNUMX:XNUMX( XNUMX ms.)| XNUMX| XNUMX:XNUMX:XNUMX( XNUMX ms.)| XNUMX

Hourly Execution Nhoroondo ine QueryPerSeconds uye I/O Nguva

Kumbira

SELECT 
  id , 
  snapshot_timestamp ,
  calls , 	
  total_time , 
  ( select pg_qps( id )) AS QPS ,
  blk_read_time ,
  blk_write_time
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
ORDER BY 2

|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| HOURLY EXECUTION HISTORY  WITH QueryPerSeconds and I/O Time
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| QUERY PER SECOND HISTORY
|    #|          snapshot| snapshotID|      calls|                      total dbtime|        QPS|                          I/O time| I/O time %
+-----+------------------+-----------+-----------+----------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------+-----------
|    1|  04.04.2019 11:00|       4131|       3747|  00:00:00.835(       835.374 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .000 ms.)|       .000
|    2|  04.04.2019 12:00|       4133|    1002722|  00:01:52.419(    112419.376 ms.)|    278.534|  00:00:00.149(       149.105 ms.)|       .133
|    3|  04.04.2019 13:00|       4135|    2373043|  00:04:26.791(    266791.988 ms.)|    659.179|  00:00:00.064(        64.261 ms.)|       .024
|    4|  04.04.2019 14:00|       4137|    2397326|  00:04:43.033(    283033.854 ms.)|    665.924|  00:00:00.024(        24.505 ms.)|       .009
|    5|  04.04.2019 15:00|       4139|    2394416|  00:04:51.435(    291435.010 ms.)|    665.116|  00:00:12.025(     12025.895 ms.)|      4.126
|    6|  04.04.2019 16:00|       4143|    3525360|  00:10:13.492(    613492.351 ms.)|    979.267|  00:08:41.396(    521396.555 ms.)|     84.988
|    7|  04.04.2019 17:00|       4149|    3529197|  00:11:48.830(    708830.618 ms.)|    980.332|  00:12:47.834(    767834.052 ms.)|    108.324
|    8|  04.04.2019 18:01|       4157|    1145596|  00:01:19.217(     79217.372 ms.)|    313.004|  00:00:01.319(      1319.676 ms.)|      1.666
|    9|  04.04.2019 19:03|       4159|    2890362|  00:03:16.784(    196784.755 ms.)|    776.979|  00:00:01.441(      1441.386 ms.)|       .732
|   10|  04.04.2019 20:04|       4161|    5758631|  00:06:30.513(    390513.926 ms.)|   1573.396|  00:00:01.470(      1470.110 ms.)|       .376
|   11|  04.04.2019 21:03|       4163|    2781536|  00:03:06.470(    186470.979 ms.)|    785.745|  00:00:00.249(       249.865 ms.)|       .134
|   12|  04.04.2019 23:03|       4165|    1443155|  00:01:34.467(     94467.539 ms.)|    200.438|  00:00:00.015(        15.287 ms.)|       .016
|   13|  05.04.2019 01:03|       4167|    4387191|  00:06:51.380(    411380.293 ms.)|    609.332|  00:05:18.847(    318847.407 ms.)|     77.507
|   14|  05.04.2019 02:03|       4171|     189852|  00:00:10.989(     10989.899 ms.)|     52.737|  00:00:00.539(       539.110 ms.)|      4.906
|   15|  05.04.2019 03:01|       4173|       3627|  00:00:00.103(       103.000 ms.)|      1.042|  00:00:00.004(         4.131 ms.)|      4.010
|   16|  05.04.2019 04:00|       4175|       3627|  00:00:00.085(        85.235 ms.)|      1.025|  00:00:00.003(         3.811 ms.)|      4.471
|   17|  05.04.2019 05:00|       4177|       3747|  00:00:00.849(       849.454 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.006(         6.124 ms.)|       .721
|   18|  05.04.2019 06:00|       4179|       3747|  00:00:00.849(       849.561 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .051 ms.)|       .006
|   19|  05.04.2019 07:00|       4181|       3747|  00:00:00.839(       839.416 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .062 ms.)|       .007
|   20|  05.04.2019 08:00|       4183|       3747|  00:00:00.846(       846.382 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .007 ms.)|       .001
|   21|  05.04.2019 09:00|       4185|       3747|  00:00:00.855(       855.426 ms.)|      1.041|  00:00:00.000(          .065 ms.)|       .008
|   22|  05.04.2019 10:00|       4187|       3797|  00:01:40.150(    100150.165 ms.)|      1.055|  00:00:21.845(     21845.217 ms.)|     21.812

Mavara ezvese SQL-anosarudza

Kumbira

SELECT 
  queryid , 
  query 
FROM 
  pg_stat_history
WHERE 
  queryid IS NOT NULL AND 
  database_id = DATABASE_ID  AND
  snapshot_timestamp BETWEEN BEGIN_TIMEPOINT AND END_TIMEPOINT
GROUP BY queryid , query

Mugumisiro

Sezvauri kuona, uchishandisa nzira dzakareruka, unogona kuwana ruzivo rwakawanda runobatsira nezvebasa uye mamiriro edhatabhesi.

Cherechedza:Kana tikarekodha mubvunzo wemubvunzo, tinowana nhoroondo yemubvunzo wakasiyana (kuitira kuchengetedza nzvimbo, mishumo yemubvunzo wakasiyana inosiiwa).

Saka, data yehuwandu hwekuita kwemubvunzo inowanikwa uye inounganidzwa.
Nhanho yekutanga "kuunganidzwa kwedata data" inopedzwa.

Iwe unogona kuenda kune yechipiri nhanho - "kumisikidza maitiro ekuita".


Asi iyo nyaya yakatosiyana.

Zvichaenderera mberi…

Source: www.habr.com