Uropi + VPS ye30 rubles =?

Zvakanaka kana zvinhu zvidiki zvese zvinodikanwa zvave pedyo: peni yakanaka uye notepad, penzura yakarodzwa, mbeva yakagadzikana, akati wandei waya, nezvimwe. Izvi zvinhu zvisingaoneki hazvikweve kutarisa, asi zvinowedzera nyaradzo kuhupenyu. Iyo nyaya imwe chete ine dzakasiyana siyana dzenhare uye desktop application: yeakareba skrini, yekudzikisa saizi yemufananidzo, yekuverenga mari yako, maduramazwi, vashanduri, vashanduri, nezvimwe. Unayo here? VPS - iyo isingadhuri, inogara iripo uye inounza akawanda mabhenefiti? Kwete, kwete iyo yaunayo mukambani yako, asi yako wega, "homwe" imwe. Isu takafunga kuti pasina VPS diki muna 2019 zvaisiririsa, senge pasina yakajairika tsime peni pahurukuro. Nei uchifanira kusuruvara? Ichirimo. Zviri sei zhizha? Zhizha kune nyanzvi yeIT: kugara pamba, uchishanda pamapurojekiti ako aunofarira pasina kuzvidemba. Kazhinji, takafunga uye takazviita.

Communism yasvika macomrades.

Iye akadaro - VPS yedu yemakumi matatu

Takaverenga zvinyorwa zvakawanda kubva kune vakwikwidzi uye vashandisi vakanyora 3-4 makore apfuura pamusoro pekuti nei VPS isingadhuri isingadiwi. Zvakanaka, ndizvozvo, saka VPS "yepeni" yaive kushambadzira kwakachena uye yaisagona kupa yakajairika mikana yekushanda. Asi nguva dziri kuchinja, mutengo wezviwanikwa uri kuderera uye wakaderera, uye kwemakumi matatu rubles pamwedzi takagadzirira kupa izvi:

• Processor: Intel Xeon 2 GHz (1 musimboti)
• Linux system (Debian, Ubuntu, CentOS yekusarudza kubva)
• 1 yakatsaurwa IPv4 kero
• 10 GB yekuchengetedza data pane inokurumidza bhizinesi-kirasi SSD madhiraivha
• RAM: 512 MB
• Per second billing
• Unlimited traffic

Mutero wacho uri pasi pezvimwe zvirambidzo zvehunyanzvi, ruzivo pamusoro peji yedu inotonhorera inopa - VPS ye30 rubles. 

Ndiani iyi virtual server yakakodzera? Hongu kune anenge munhu wese: vanotanga, vanofarira, vanogadzira vane ruzivo, DIY mafani uye kunyange mamwe makambani.

Chii chakakodzera VPS iyi?

Isu tinofunga kuti vaverengi vaHabr vachawana yavo yega nzira yekushandisa iyi gadziriso, asi isu takasarudza kuunganidza isu pachedu sarudzo yemazano - ko kana mumwe munhu achiida, asi varume vacho havazive?

• Isa webhusaiti yako yakapusa, portfolio, tangazve nekodhi, nezvimwe. Ehe, webhusaiti yako yakagadzirwa inoita chimiro chakanaka pamushandirwi. Iise paVPS yako uye uve nemhosva yekuchengeteka uye kugadzikana kwesaiti iwe pachako, uye kwete nevashandi venguva dzose vanopa vanopa.
• Shandisa VPS nezvinangwa zvekudzidzisa: tambira purojekiti yako, dzidza maficha evhavha uye sevha inoshanda sisitimu, edza neDNS, tinker ine diki saiti yekudzidzisa.
• Zvefoni. Dzimwe nguva muzvinabhizimusi ega, freelancer kana kambani diki diki inoda IP telephony, uye vashandisi venharembozha iyi vane makaro. Zviri nyore: isu tinotora sevha yedu, tenga nhamba kubva kune IP telephony opareta, kumisikidza chaiyo PBX uye kugadzira nhamba dzemukati (kana zvichidikanwa). Mari yaakachengeta ihombe.
• Shandisa sevha kuyedza zvikumbiro zvako.
• Shandisa sevha yezviyedzo zveDIY, kusanganisira kudzora uye kuunganidza data kubva kune smart home system sensors.
• Nzira isina kujairika yekuishandisa ndeyekuisa iyo chaiyo yekuchinjana yekutengesa mubatsiri, robhoti yekutengesa, pane server. Iwe uchave uine mutoro wakazara wekugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka kweseva, zvinoreva kuti iwe uchagamuchira inodzorwa chiridzwa chekutengesa pamisika yemasheya. Zvakanaka, kana paine munhu anofarira kana kuronga :)

Pane maapplication eVPS akadaro mucorporate sphere. Kuwedzera kune yatotaurwa sevhisi yerunhare, unogona kuita zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza. Semuyenzaniso:

• Isa diki dhatabhesi uye ruzivo ruchasvika kune vanofamba vashandi vari kure, semuenzaniso, uchishandisa ftp. Izvi zvinokutendera iwe kuti uchinje nekukurumidza analytics nyowani, yakagadziridzwa masisitimu ekutengesa vanhu, mharidzo, nezvimwe.
• Ipa mukana wenguva pfupi kune vashandisi kana vatengi kuratidza software kana midhiya.

VPS test drive ye30 rubles - yakaitirwa iwe

30 rubles iduku zvokuti hautombodi kutora kadhi kubhadhara uye kuedza. Nesuwo tine usimbe, asi panguva ino takakuitirai zvose. Tisati tatanga maseva muhondo, takaita bvunzo yekutarisa zvese zvese uye kuratidza izvo maseva anokwanisa kuita pamutengo uyu. Kuti tiwedzere kunakidza, isu takawedzera zvakanyanyisa uye takatarisa kuti iyi gadziriso yaizoita sei kana density uye mutoro zvakapfuura hunhu hwatinoisa. 

Iyo saiti yaive pasi pekuremerwa kwehuwandu hwemachina chaiwo aiita mabasa akasiyana siyana pane processor uye achishingairira kushandisa disk subsystem. Chinangwa ndechekuteedzera huwandu hwepamusoro hwekuiswa uye mutoro unofananidzwa kana mukuru pane wekurwa.

Pamusoro pemutoro unogara uripo, isu takaisa matatu chaiwo machina akaunganidza ekugadzira metrics achishandisa sysbench, avhareji mhedzisiro yakapihwa pazasi, uye makumi mashanu emagetsi makina akagadzira mamwe mutoro. Michina yese yekuyedza yakange ine dhizaini yakafanana (3 core, RAM 50 GB, SSD 1 GB), iyo yakajairwa debian 512 mufananidzo yakasarudzwa seyo inoshanda sisitimu, inopihwa vashandisi paRUVDS.

Mutoro wakayedzerwa muchisikigo uye ukuru kuenzaniswa nekurwa:

• Mimwe michina chaiyo yakatangwa ine mutoro wakaderera
• Mimwe michina yakamhanyisa script yekuyedza kutevedzera mutoro pane processor (uchishandisa utility kushushikana)
• Pane chikamu chakasara chemichina chaiyo, takamhanyisa script yakashandisa dd kukopa data kubva kune yakafanogadzirirwa data kuenda kudhisiki ine muganho wakaiswa uchishandisa pv (mienzaniso inogona kuoneka. pano и pano).

Zvakare, sezvaunorangarira, taive nemichina mitatu yaiunganidza mametrics ekugadzira.

Pamuchina wega wega, script yaiitwa cyclically maminetsi ega ega e15, iyo inomhanyisa yakajairwa sysbench bvunzo dze processor, memory uye dhisiki.

Script sysbench.sh

#!/bin/bash
date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=cpu run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=memory run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqwr run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=seqrd run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt
sysbench --test=fileio --file-test-mode=rndrw run >> /root/sysbench/results.txt

Mhedzisiro yacho inounzwa kuti ive nyore mune sysbench fomati, asi avhareji kukosha kwenguva yese yekuyedza yakatorwa kubva kumashini ese, mhedzisiro inogona kuonekwa pano:

Sysbanch-avg.txtsysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing CPU performance benchmark

Threads started!
Done.

Maximum prime number checked in CPU test: 10000

Test execution summary:
total time: 19.2244s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 19.2104
per-request statistics:
min: 1.43ms
avg: 1.92ms
max: 47.00ms
approx. 95 percentile: 3.02ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 19.2104/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Doing memory operations speed test
Memory block size: 1K

Memory transfer size: 102400M

Memory operations type: write
Memory scope type: global
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 104857600 (328001.79 ops/sec)

102400.00 MB transferred (320.32 MB/sec)

Test execution summary:
total time: 320.9155s
total number of events: 104857600
total time taken by event execution: 244.8399
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.00ms
max: 139.41ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.00ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 104857600.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 244.8399/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential write (creation) test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 0 Read, 131072 Write, 128 Other = 131200 Total
Read 0b Written 2Gb Total transferred 2Gb (320.1Mb/sec)
20251.32 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 6.9972s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 5.2246
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 0.04ms
max: 96.76ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.03ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 5.2246/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing sequential read test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 131072 Read, 0 Write, 0 Other = 131072 Total
Read 2Gb Written 0b Total transferred 2Gb (91.32Mb/sec)
5844.8 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 23.1054s
total number of events: 131072
total time taken by event execution: 22.9933
per-request statistics:
min: 0.00ms
avg: 0.18ms
max: 295.75ms
approx. 95 percentile: 0.77ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 131072.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 22.9933/0.00

sysbench 0.4.12: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark

Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 1

Extra file open flags: 0
128 files, 16Mb each
2Gb total file size
Block size 16Kb
Number of random requests for random IO: 10000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Periodic FSYNC enabled, calling fsync() each 100 requests.
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Threads started!
Done.

Operations performed: 6000 Read, 4000 Write, 12800 Other = 22800 Total
Read 93.75Mb Written 62.5Mb Total transferred 156.25Mb (1341.5Kb/sec)
85.61 Requests/sec executed

Test execution summary:
total time: 152.9786s
total number of events: 10000
total time taken by event execution: 14.1879
per-request statistics:
min: 0.01ms
avg: 1.41ms
max: 210.22ms
approx. 95 percentile: 4.95ms

Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 10000.0000/0.00
execution time (avg/stddev): 14.1879/0.00
Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza, asi zvakadaro haifanirwe kutorwa seQoS. 

Michina inogadzira imwe mutoro

Yakapfava

• Apt-get update
• zvakakodzera-tanga kusimbisa
• apt-tora kuisa python-pombi
• pip isa mysql-connector-python-rf

Yakaiswa MariaDB, Maitiro ekuita pano:

apt-get install libmariadbclient-dev
mysql -e "INSTALL PLUGIN blackhole SONAME 'ha_blackhole.so';" -- нужно для test_employees_sha

Test base yatorwa kubva pano:

Iyo dhatabhesi inoiswa sezvakatsanangurwa pano:

mysql -t < employees.sql
mysql -t < test_employees_sha.sql

diki test base:

tafura 

RowsCount 

Saizi yedata (MB)

Index size (KB)

madhipatimendi 

9

0.02

16.00

dept_emp 

331143 

11.52

5648.00

dept_manager 

24 

0.02

16.00

vashandi 

299379 

14.52

0.00

mibairo 

2838426 

95.63

0.00 

titles 

442783 

19.56

0.00

Yekutanga bvunzo sevhisi yakanyorwa pamabvi muPython; inoita mashandiro mana:

1. getState: inodzorera chimiro
2. getMushandi: inodzosa vashandi (+mihoro, +mazita) kubva kudhatabhesi
3. patchEmployee: anoshandura minda yevashandi
4. insertMuhoro: inoisa muhoro

Sevhisi sosi (dbtest.py)

#!/usr/bin/python
import mysql.connector as mariadb
from flask import Flask, json, request, abort
from mysql.connector.constants import ClientFlag

app = Flask(__name__)

def getFields(cursor):
    results = {}
    column = 0
    for d in cursor.description:
        results[d[0]] = column
        column = column + 1
    return results

PAGE_SIZE = 30

@app.route("/")
def main():
    return "Hello!"

@app.route("/employees/<page>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployees(page):
    offset = (int(page) - 1) * PAGE_SIZE
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees LIMIT {} OFFSET {}".format(PAGE_SIZE, offset))
    return {'employees': [i[0] for i in cursor.fetchall()]}

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['GET'])
def getEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees')
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    employee = {}
    found = False
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        found = True
        employee = {
            "birth_date": row[fields["birth_date"]],
            "first_name": row[fields["first_name"]],
            "last_name": row[fields["last_name"]],
            "gender": row[fields["gender"]],
            "hire_date": row[fields["hire_date"]]
        }
    if not found:
        abort(404)
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM salaries WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    salaries = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        salary = {
            "salary": row[fields["salary"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        salaries.append(salary)
    employee["salaries"] = salaries
    cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM titles WHERE emp_no = {}".format(id))
    fields = getFields(cursor)
    titles = []
    for row in cursor.fetchall():
        title = {
            "title": row[fields["title"]],
            "from_date": row[fields["from_date"]],
            "to_date": row[fields["to_date"]]
        }
        titles.append(title)
    employee["titles"] = titles
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "employee": employee
    })

def isFieldValid(t, v):
    if t == "employee":
        return v in ["birdth_date", "first_name", "last_name", "hire_date"]
    else:
        return false

@app.route("/employee/<id>", methods=['PATCH'])
def setEmployee(id):
    id = int(id)
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    setList = ""
    data = []
    for k, v in content.iteritems():
        if not isFieldValid("employee", k):
            continue
        if setList != "":
            setList = setList + ", "
        setList = setList + k + "=%s"
        data.append(v)
    data.append(id)
    print(setList)
    print(data)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute("UPDATE employees SET {} WHERE emp_no = %s".format(setList), data)
    connection.commit()
    if cursor.rowcount < 1:
        abort(404)
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })

@app.route("/salary", methods=['PUT'])
def putSalary():
    content = request.json
    print(content)
    connection = mariadb.connect(user='admin', password='q5XpRomdSr', database='employees', client_flags=[ClientFlag.FOUND_ROWS])
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    data = [content["emp_no"], content["salary"], content["from_date"], content["to_date"]]
    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO salaries (emp_no, salary, from_date, to_date) VALUES (%s, %s, %s, %s)", data)
    connection.commit()
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success"
    })


@app.route("/state", methods=['GET'])
def getState():
    return json.dumps({
        "status": "success",
        "state": "working"
    })

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0',port='5002')

Cherechedza chinyorwa! Pasina mamiriro ezvinhu sevhisi iyi haifanirwe kutorwa semuenzaniso kana gwara!

Miedzo inoitwa uchishandisa yakanaka yekare JMeter. Muedzo wakatevedzana unotora maminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika kumaawa maviri wakatangwa, pasina kukanganisa, huwandu hwezvikumbiro hwakasiyana, uye mabudisiro akasiyana kubva pamazana matatu kusvika mazana matanhatu zvikumbiro paminiti. Nhamba yeshinda kubva pa15 kusvika ku2.

Nekuda kwekuti dhatabhesi idiki kwazvo, iwo murairo:

mysql -e "SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS"

Zvinoratidza kuti:

Buffer pool hit rate 923 / 1000, young-making rate 29 / 1000 not 32 / 1000

Pazasi pane avhareji yenguva dzekupindura kune zvikumbiro:

chitaridzi

pakati nepakati

Median

90%Mutsetse

95%Mutsetse

99%Mutsetse

Min

Max

getEmployee

37.64

12.57

62.28

128.5

497.57

5

4151.78

getState

17

7.57

30.14

58.71

193

3

2814.71

patchMushandi

161.42

83.29

308

492.57

1845.14

5

6639.4

putSalary

167.21

86.93

315.34

501.07

1927.12

7

6722.44

Zvingave zvakaoma kuti iwe utonge kubva kune aya ekugadzira mhedzisiro kuti VPS iyi yakakodzera sei kumabasa ako chaiwo uye, kazhinji, nzira dzakarongwa dzinogumira kune idzo nyaya dzataifanira kubata neimwe nzira. zvakajeka kuti hazvina kukwana. Tinokukoka iwe kuti utore yako mhedziso uye uedze sevha ye30 rubles pane yako chaiyo maapplication uye mabasa uye upe mazano ako ekugadzirisa uku mune zvakataurwa.

Source: www.habr.com