Takurukura muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura nezve , ΠΈ , ticharamba tichiunganidza ruzivo pamusoro pemaitiro anodiwa uye masevhisi anogona kuiswa pane maOS aya.
Muchokwadi, chinyorwa ichi chakashanduka kuve chakanyanya dzidziso. Dambudziko nderekuti hapana chitsva uye chepakutanga mu "mumba" masisitimu. Uye kunyora zvakare chinhu chimwe chete kwenguva yezana, pasina kuwedzera chero chinhu chitsva, ini handisi kuona pfungwa yacho. Saka pachave negungano uye ongororo yedata ine chekuita nekupinza-inotsiva masisitimu.
Uyezve, chete Viola, Astra ΠΈ Rosa... Iva Red OS pane (zvine mwero kwazvo pakuravira kwangu). Uyezve, zvinyorwa zveRosa mune ino Wiki zvinowanzove zvechinyakare uye zvechinyakare, zvegore ra2013-2014 uye zvine chekuita nekugoverwa kwekare ... Asi kune mamwe maWiki masisitimu, funga kuti haapo zvachose. Naizvozvo, kune kugovera kusina KB kana Wiki, isu tichafunga kuti iwe unofanirwa kutarisa muWiki kana KB yekugovera kwavo kwevabereki. For ROSE CentOS (Ngowani Tsvuku) Astra β Debian Calculate - Gentoo, Red OS - Red Hat, AlterOS -vhuraSUSE, Axis CentOS (Ngowani Tsvuku) Ulyanovsk.BSD - FreeBSD, QP OC - kuvandudzwa kwemukati zvachose (maererano nekuvimbiswa kwevagadziri vayo, iyi haisi Linux).
Zvakare, pari zvino, ini ndichasvetuka pfungwa yekuti ndinosiya zvese zvivakwa zvakavakirwa paMicrosoft, uye tanga nezvakakosha - DNS, Dhairekitori Service, Proxy Server. Uye ipapo pachave nemasevhisi anotungamirwa nevashandisi nemasevhisi, akadai sevhavha yetsamba, hofisi, chat, nezvimwe.
1. Zvivakwa
1.1.DNS
DNS-server inoratidzwa mune ese "yemumba" masisitimu anoshanda mufomu BIND9. Hapana chitsva. Uye hapana chakaoma mukugadzirisa. Chete Calculator haina muBIND repository.
DDNS - zvishoma zvakanyanya kuoma, asi zvakare hapana kunze kwezvakajairwa pano.
ROSA's Wiki ine zvinotevera , iyo isina chokuita nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Saka isu tichafunga kuti mirairo yekumisikidza DDNS yeROSA inofanirwa kutsvakwa seine hukama neCentOS.
1.2. DHCP
Zvakare, hapana chitsva, hapana chakaoma.
1.3. Directory Service
1.3.1. Astra Linux Directory (ALD)
Hazvigoneke kusanganisa Microsft Windows OS muchina mune ALD domain uchishandisa yakajairika maturusi eMicrosft Windows OS.
Panguva imwecheteyo, semutengi weAD, Astra inopinzwa mudura chairo .
Zvakare, semutongi wedura muAstra Linux anogona kuita SAMBA 4. Uku hakusi kudzokororwa kweAstra, iyi SAMDA mune yayo yekutanga fomu. .
1.3.2.ED OS sangano reIPA domain, umo zvinhu zvose zvinorondedzerwa mune mamwe mashoko.
1.3.3. ROSA directoryPane zvinotaurwa paInternet kuti ROSA ine yayo yekuvandudza yeROSA Directory Server. Wiki yavo ine panhoroondo iyi. Yakaitwa Kukadzi 28, 2013. Pane zvakare kutaurwa nezve inonakidza Rosa Server Setup chishandiso. Uye ndakatanga kuchera, zvinonakidza kubata.
Kazhinji, mukuburitswa kweR7, zvese izvi zvakatemwa. Sezvandinozvinzwisisa, izvi zvakakonzerwa nekuti Rosa akavakwa patsva zvichibva paCentOS pachinzvimbo cheMandriva, uye Dhairekitori ravo raive rakavakirwa pa. Mandriva Directory Server, uye haina kukwana paCentOS.
Naizvozvo, semamwe ese masisitimu anoshanda, ROSE inogona kuiswa SAMB, uye ishandise semutongi wedunhu.
1.3.4. Alt FreeIPA
Anenge ese e "mumba" anoshanda masisitimu pamusika ane kugona kushanda semutongi wedunhu zvichienderana SAMB. Asi SAMBA ine muganho wakakomba kana uchishanda neWindows based clients:
Samba AD DC inoshanda pamwero weWindows 2008 R2 domain controller. Unogona kuiisa muWindows 2012 domain semutengi, asi kwete semutongi wedunhu.
Nekudaro, kune yakajairika kushanda kweWindows maseva nenzvimbo dzekushandira, kana tichizvida, uye tinozvida, sezvo paine software isingagone kushanda pasi peLinux (iyo yakafanana CAD mapakeji kana ekare esoftware mapakeji emidziyo isingaite chero chinhu, kunze kweiyo Kuhwina XP, hazvibviri kuisa), isu tinofanirwa kuendesa domain yakavakirwa Windows kana YemaharaIPA. Kuendesa FreeIPA ibasa rakaoma, nepo Windows-based domain inoiswa mumaawa mashoma. Mune yangu, zero nguva inodhura, nekuti ini ndatova neWindows domain. Panguva imwecheteyo, Linux inogona kupinda uchishandisa AD. Mukururama, ndinoona kuti Windows inogona kupinda kuburikidza neFreeIPA.
Aya ndiwo maitiro andinounza chikonzero chekuti nei ndisingade kusiya Microsoft Windows-based domain controllers. Ndatova nayo. Ini handioni chikonzero chekushandisa nguva yakawanda uye kushanda nesimba kudzidzisa vatariri vakajaira kurerukira yeWindows graphical interface kushanda nemameseji mafaera paLinux masisitimu. Hongu, IPA ine webhu interface, asi izvo hazvinyatso kushandura zvinhu. (Linuxoids ingangondipa makota emashoko aya, asi seWindows admin uyo akashanda neLinux, ndinoziva zvandiri kutaura nezvazvo. Handinzwisisi kuti ungada sei kuchera mukati mevapepeti vezvinyorwa, kuverenga kuburikidza nezviuru. yemitsara yekodhi, kutya kuiswa chisimbiso paunenge uchichinja. Nepo iyo graphical interface pachayo ichikuratidza zvese, nekukurumidza, tsanangura, ingodzvanya bhatani uye isa ma paramita anodiwa. Ndizvozvo. Ndataura. Pfura!)
Zvingodaro, nezve kuendesa IPA server. Pakarepo mumwe munhu achava anobatsira.
1.4. Proxy server
Squid inogona kuwanikwa mumatura eanenge ese "emumba" masisitimu anoshanda. Ini hapana wandinoziva nezvemunhu, asi ndakatumira Squid kwenguva yakareba. Ndinofarira.
ROSA yanga isina chinyorwa chakafanana muWiki. Asi kune akawanda mabhuku ekugadzirisa Squiid paInternet. Uye marongero acho achasiyana chete mukuraira kwekuisa kune maneja wepakeji uye, pamwe, munzvimbo yemafaira ekugadzirisa.
1.5. Monitoring
Zabbix iri mumatura Astra, ROSA, Viola, Red OS. Pachave pasina matambudziko neizvi, iwe unongoda chete kutumira kunze ruzivo rwese rwunodiwa kubva kune chigadzirwa server, uye wobva waipinza muserver nyowani. Hongu, isu ticharasikirwa nenhoroondo, asi izvi hazvisi zvakakosha muzviitiko zvakawanda. Muzviitiko apo izvi zvakakosha, unogona kusiya ese ari maviri maseva achimhanya kudzamara iyo ruzivo pane yekare server yave yechinyakare uye isingachadiwi. Uye imwe nguva. , tichifunga kuti, tinogona kugumisa kuti Maria DB ichave yakasvibiswa uye ichagurwa kunze kwezvinyorwa zve "mumba" maitiro ekushanda.
2.User oriented system
2.1. Sezvakataurwa mu , tine Firebird 1.5 chirongwa chinonzi TEKTON chinoshanda. Saizvozvo, panguva yekutsiva kunze kwenyika, bhizinesi iri rinofanirwa kuendeswa kune nyowani nyowani. Firebird ine shanduro dzeLinux, asi vhezheni 1.5 haisi mumatura e "epamba" OSes. Uye hapana nzira yekushandura kune imwe yakazotevera vhezheni, sezvo panosangana vhezheni 1 uye 2 yeFirebird, musimboti wekushanda kwemaitiro akachengetwa akachinja, uye hapana anozoanyora zvakare ... uye havazokwanisi. ku ... uye hapana chikonzero, sezvo iyi system inofanirwa kutsiviwa munguva pfupi iri kutevera 1s. Saka "kekutanga" zvinokwanisika kurodha pasuru uye kuiisa kwete kubva kune repository.
2.2. Electronic reporting system OASIS haishande pasi peLinux. Uyezve, OASIS haimhanye pane chero chinhu kunze kweMSSQL Server. Saka, tinoda muchina chaiwo une Windows uye MSSQL Server. Iyo Express vhezheni ichakwana, sezvo dhatabhesi idiki. Asi iwe haugone kubva pane izvi, sezvo kuzivisa kune FIU uye mutero kunobva pane izvi.
2.3. Sezvo a web server MS IIS, hongu, haishande, iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa iyo inosanganisirwa mumatura Apache kana Nginx (iyo yekupedzisira iri mumatura eROSA, Alt, Calculate).
Ndeipi iri nani? Unogona kujairana nazvo comrade
Link ku Wiki:
pane mirairo yekuisa chete, iwe uchafanirwa kugadzirisa zvinoenderana nemamwe mabhuku. Semuyenzaniso, . Kana kuti zvimwe .
2.4. Corporate chat nemvumo kuburikidza neAD. OpenFire kana ejabberd. Nyore uye yakasununguka.
Unogona kushandisa chero chinhu semutengi wekutaura, kubva Pidgin ΠΈ Miranda, ari mumagungano eOS, uye achipera nechimwe chinhu chakanyorwa.
2.5. Mail server. Sezvandambotaura, ndinoda Zimbra. Inogona kuiswa pahwaro hweRELS.
Kune zvakare mapakeji muOS repositories postfix/exim/dovecot.
Nezve Rosa setup. Wiki yavo ine , yaFebruary 28, 2013. Dambudziko chete nderokuti rinotsanangura nzira yekushandisa RSS (ROSA Server Setup), iyo, sezvandakataura pamusoro apa, yakabviswa kubva kune ikozvino shanduro yekugovera. Saka ikozvino unogona kushandisa mirairo yekumisikidza mail server pasina kusungirirwa kuOS. Semuyenzaniso, .
Iwe unogona zvakare kufunga nezve sarudzo ye proprietary software nenzira ye "MyOffice Server"kana"CommuniGate Pro". Asi ini handifarire sarudzo iyi. Zvirinani nekuti inobhadharwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, rubatsiro rwakanaka, ivimbiso. Asi zvakapihwa kuti vanenge vese vatariri vanogona kuvimbisa hutano hwesevha yetsamba, kudiwa kwerutsigiro hakuna mubvunzo. Uye kana CommuniGate iri software yakapupurirwa, saka MyOffice yakagadzirwa muna 2014, uye ini pachangu ndine kunetseka nezvehuwandu hwezvipembenene zvinogona kubatwa mune ino system. Nezvose izvi, mutengo wezvose zviri zviviri zvigadzirwa, mumaonero angu, wakakwira zvisingaite.
2.6. Backup mumigove yakapihwa bacula. Kugadzirisa iyi monster ndeye epic yese. Pane zvakawanda zvekushandisa panyaya iyi, asi zvakadaro ibasa rose. Asi Bacula ine simba uye inobatsira zvakanyanya multi-platform chishandiso.
Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti Alt ndiye mushandirapamwe weBacula muRussia, tinogona kutarisira kuti shanduro nyowani dzekugovera uku dzichaonekwa mumatura avo.
2.7. pamusoro mail client Thunderbird, inoratidzwa kubva kune ese "mumba" masisitimu anoshanda, ini handitaure chero chinhu.
2.8. Nezvemabhurawuza Mozilla Firefox, inoratidzwa mu "domestic" maitiro ekushanda uye Yandex.Browser, iyo inogona kuiswa pane zvose "dzimba" dzekushanda, iniwo ndicharamba ndakanyarara.
2.9. Office suite. inosanganisirwa mune ese "mumba" anoshanda masisitimu. Iine 2 yakabhadharwa dzimwe nzira - idzi ""Uye"". P-7 ine bvunzo vhezheni yekugovera kit "kuyedza". Inogona . Kana iri "MyOffice", ndichangoisiya pano ΠΈ (Ndinokupa zano kuti utarise zvakanyanya kune zvakataurwa).
2.10. 1C: ENTERPRISE. Somuenzaniso,
Wiki Astra ane nezve kuisa 1c zvese mutengi uye sevha zvikamu.
Iyo ROSA Wiki ine . Zvinoshamisa kuti hapana chinyorwa pakugadzirisa sevha, sezvo esque inosimuka paCentOS. Somuenzaniso, pano .
Iyo Alt Wiki ine kuisa uye kugadzirisa, iyo ine zvakare inobatsira zvinongedzo.
3. Mhedziso
Zvakanaka, chii chandingataure mushure mekudzidza ruzivo rwune chekuita nekuchinjanisa kunze kwenyika? Zvese izvi zvinyadzi. Izvi hazvibvisi zvinhu kunze kwenyika, hazvibvisi kuvimba nevagadziri vekunze. Inongotsiva imwe neimwe, ichikubvumidza kuti udyise kwete babamunini vekune dzimwe nyika, asi vedu, vekumba. Mutero wekutengesa uchaenda kuhomwe yenyika, izvi zvinowedzera. Asi mari yakawanda ichaguma mumaoko evatove vakapfuma "babamunini namainini", uye haizosviki mari yekuvimba, iyi minus. Chero mabhizinesi akaita se "New Cloud Technologies" anozivisa kuti "chinangwa chavo hachisi chekupfuma pachirongwa chekutsiva kunze kwenyika ..." vanototeedza ichi ichochi chinangwa, zvikasadaro hapazove nekutaura kwakadaro, hapazove nematare edzimhosva. uye zvirevo kuFederal Antimonopoly Service. Ivo vaisazotora chidimbu cheLibreOffice voipenda zvakare pasi pe "OwnOffice".
Kutora chigadzirwa chemahara, chakatogadzirwa nemumwe munhu, chipedze zvishoma uye utengese pasi pechifukidziro chako, mumaonero angu, zvishoma nae ... swindle. Kwete, ivo, hongu, vakagadzira masisitimu ekudzivirira, encryption iripo, ndizvo zvese, vakaunza zvese pasi peiyo FSTEC certification ... Asi izvi hazvisati zviri zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa navo. Kunze kweQP OS, Cryptosoft yakaita zvese yega. Uye nekuda kweizvi, ivo vanozove nematambudziko ekuenderana, nekushaikwa kwesoftware yeOS yavo, tsikidzi dzisina kubatwa, nezvimwe. zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Asi vakadaro. Alt akaita kusati kwaitwa hype neimport substitution, ivo vakakurawo, havana kuzviita nekuda kwemhindu yechinguvana, muhana yakanaka, nekuti vakawana mari pane izvo zvisiri rwizi rukuru.
Haisi nyaya yekuti ndinonyora izwi rekuti "mumba" mumakotesheni, sezvo paine imwe chete kana maviri masisitimu epamba. Pane imwe chete yekushandisa system. Rudzii rwe "import substitution" yatiri kutaura nezvayo inoramba iri chakavanzika.
Kwete, kazhinji, kana iwe uchinyatsoda uye kushandisa nguva yakawanda nesimba, saka iwe unogona kusimudza zvivakwa uye akawanda masevhisi paLinux. Asi kune izvi iwe unofanirwa kudzidzisazve kana kushandura windows administrator, uye kuvaita dzvuku-ziso mune application kuseta mameseji mafaera. Asi 90% yeaya masisitimu haazove epamba, anove akasununguka uye, muzviitiko zvisingawanzo, akapendwa zvishoma. Nezvidhori zvinofinha. Kazhinji, kupopotedzana kwese uku kunoratidzika kunge kudhura zvisina maturo. Kana zvino toti kudii pamusoro pedu? Mhedzisiro yezviyo muchirongwa ichi yose yakaguma padanho repfungwa, apo zvakanzi chakavanzika chinofanira kuendeswa kune maitiro edu akachengeteka kuitira kuti "muvengi asawane chero chinhu." Uye pakupedzisira, zvakaguma nokudururwa kwemifungo yose yakajairika matiri. Zvakanaka, bhizinesi munyika yedu rakavakwa seizvi - purofiti yakawanda pamutengo wakaderera.
4. Kuita sei?
Chema uye jekiseni ... Pane murayiro - unofanira kuzviita, zvikasadaro vachakuranga. Kuti vacharangwa sei hazvizivikanwe. Dambudziko nderekuti hapana anoziva kuti mhedzisiro yechirongwa chekutsiva ichatariswa sei, kusanganisira nevachatarisa. Iko hakuna data pamusoro pekugona kushandisa software kubva kuOS repositories. Inogona kushandiswa here? Zvinorambidzwa here? Wese munhu anoshandisa - saka iwe unogona? Asi haisi murejista yeBazi reTelecom uye Mass Communications - saka hazvigoneke? Hapana mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi. Asi mumwe munhu akataura achishandisa iyo LibreOffice yakafanana, inova chikamu cheOS. Ride. Zvakadini neZabbix? Iyo inosanganisirwa mune repository inogoneka, asi kana iwe ukarodha shanduro imwechete kubva kuvakuru, haugone? Etc. zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Uye pfungwa dziripi apa?
Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinongoramba zvichiunza mugove wesoftware inoshandiswa kune zvakasimbiswa zviratidzo, kushandisa mari yakawanda pakutenga kwayo nerutsigiro, uye kudzidzisa vashandi kushanda nesoftware nyowani kwavari. Pane pfungwa yokuti "kuoma kwemitemo yeRussia kunobhadharwa nekusarudzwa kwekushandiswa kwayo", asi kutarisira ichi chinhu chakadaro ...
5.PS:
Pandakanga ndichinyora zvinyorwa izvi, ndaifanira kufembera mumashoko akawanda zvokuti ndinoshamisika kuti ndakazvichengeta sei zvose mumusoro mangu. Uye ndinofara kuti nhevedzano yenyaya yasvika kumugumo. Paingova nenyaya yeQP OC, yandakavimbisa kunyorera mumiririri wavo mukuchinjana nemukana wekubata kugovera. Zvichida gare gare pachava nechimwe chinhu pamusoro pesimbi sechikamu chekufanana kwekupinza, asi kusvika ikozvino iyi pitchfork pamvura.
Ndinotarisira kuti ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa uye kuongororwa neni ruchabatsira mumwe munhu mubasa rakaoma rekuchinja kune "domestic" software. Ndinokutendai mose tozoonana zvakare.
Source: www.habr.com