β Antenna iyi ndeyei?
- Handizivi, tarisa.
- CHII?!?!
Ungaziva sei kuti ndeupi rudzi rwe antenna yaunayo mumaoko ako kana pasina mucherechedzo pairi? Nzira yekunzwisisa sei antenna iri nani kana yakaipa? Dambudziko iri randishungurudza kwenguva refu.
Chinyorwa chinotsanangura nemutauro wakapfava nzira yekuyera hunhu hweantenna uye nzira yekuona iyo frequency renji yeantenna.
Kune mainjiniya ane ruzivo rweredhiyo, ruzivo urwu rungaite serusina basa, uye nzira yekuyera nayo inogona kunge isina kunyatsokwana. Chinyorwa chakaitirwa avo vasinganzwisise chero chinhu nezve redhiyo zvemagetsi, seni.
TL; DR Isu tichayera iyo SWR yema antennas pama frequency akasiyana tichishandisa OSA 103 Mini mudziyo uye inotungamira coupler, kuronga kutsamira kweSWR pane frequency.
Dzidziso
Kana mupepeti akatumira chiratidzo kune antenna, rimwe resimba rinovhenekerwa mumhepo, uye rimwe rinoratidzwa rodzoserwa kumashure. Hukama huri pakati pesimba rinopenya uye rinoratidzwa rinoratidzwa neiyo yakamira wave ratio (SWR kana SWR). Iyo yakadzikira iyo SWR, iyo yakawanda yesimba reiyo transmitter inoburitswa semasaisai eredhiyo. Pa SWR = 1 hapana kuratidzwa (simba rose rinopenya). Iyo SWR yeantenna chaiyo inogara yakakura kupfuura 1.
Kana iwe ukatumira chiratidzo cheakasiyana mafrequency kune antenna uye panguva imwe chete kuyera iyo SWR, unogona kuwana papi frequency iyo ratidziro ichave shoma. Iri richava iro rekushandisa renji yeantenna. Iwe unogona zvakare kufananidza antenna akasiyana ebhendi rimwechete uye uwane kuti ndeipi iri nani.
Chikamu cheiyo transmitter chiratidzo chinoratidzwa kubva kune antenna
Antenna yakagadzirirwa imwe frequency, mune dzidziso, inofanirwa kunge iine yakaderera SWR pamafambisirwo ayo ekushanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakakwana kupenya muantenna pamafrequency akasiyana uye kuwana papi frequency iyo ratidziro idiki, ndiko kuti, huwandu hwesimba hunopunyuka muchimiro chemasaisai eredhiyo.
Nekukwanisa kuburitsa chiratidzo pama frequency akasiyana uye kuyera kuratidzwa, tinogona kugadzira girafu ine frequency pane X axis uye kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo paY axis. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pane kunyura mugirafu (kureva, kudiki kuratidzwa kwechiratidzo), pachava neanoshanda siyana yeantenna.
Yekufungidzira girafu rekuratidzira maringe ne frequency. Pamusoro pehupamhi hwese, kuratidzira ndeye 100%, kunze kweiyo frequency yekushanda yeantenna.
Chishandiso Osa103 Mini
Pazviyero tichashandisa . Ichi chiyereso chepasirese chinosanganisa oscilloscope, chiratidzo jenareta, spectrum analyzer, amplitude-frequency response/phase response mita, vector antenna analyzer, LC mita, uye kunyange SDR transceiver. Iyo inoshanda yeOSA103 Mini inogumira ku100 MHz, iyo OSA-6G module inowedzera frequency renji muIAFC modhi kusvika 6 GHz. Chirongwa chemuno chine mabasa ese chinorema 3 MB, chinomhanya paWindows uye kuburikidza newaini paLinux.
Osa103 Mini - mudziyo wekuyera wepasirese weredhiyo amateurs uye mainjiniya
Directional coupler
A directional coupler mudziyo unotsausa chikamu chidiki cheRF chiratidzo chinofamba chakanangana negwara. Muchiitiko chedu, inofanira kubvarura chikamu chechiratidzo chinoratidzwa (kubva pane antenna kudzokera kujenareta) kuti iuyere.
Tsananguro yekuona yekushanda kweanotungamira coupler:
Hunhu hukuru hweanotungamira coupler:
- Operating frequency - huwandu hwemafrequency apo zviratidzo zvikuru zvisingapfuuri miganhu yakajairika. coupler yangu yakagadzirirwa mafrequency kubva ku1 kusvika ku1000 MHz
- Bazi (Coupling) - ndeipi chikamu chechiratidzo (muma decibel) chichabviswa kana wave inotungamirwa kubva IN kuenda OUT
- Directivity - ishoma sei chiratidzo chichabviswa kana chiratidzo chichifamba chakatarisana kubva OUT kuenda IN
Pakutanga kuona izvi zvinoratidzika kunge zvinovhiringidza. Kuti kujekeswe, ngatifungidzirei vaviri vacho sepombi yemvura, ine pombi diki mukati. Iyo yekudonha inogadzirwa nenzira yekuti kana mvura inofamba ichienda mberi (kubva IN kuenda OUT), chikamu chakakosha chemvura chinobviswa. Huwandu hwemvura inoburitswa munzira iyi inotarwa neCoupling parameter mune coupler datasheet.
Kana mvura ikafamba ichienda kune rimwe divi, mvura shoma inobviswa. Inofanira kutorwa semugumisiro weparutivi. Huwandu hwemvura inoburitswa panguva iyi yekufamba inotarwa neiyo Directivity parameter mudhetabheti. Iyo diki iyi parameter ndeye (iyo yakakura iyo dB kukosha), zviri nani kune basa redu.
Dhaigiramu wedhiramu
Sezvo tichida kuyera chiyero chechiratidzo chinoratidzwa kubva kune antenna, tinoibatanidza neIN ye coupler, uye jenareta kuOUT. Saka, chikamu chechiratidzo chinoratidzwa kubva kune antenna chichasvika kune chinogamuchira kuyerwa.
Kubatanidza dhayagiramu yepombi. Chiratidzo chinoratidzwa chinotumirwa kune anogamuchira
Kuyera setup
Ngatiunganidzei seti yekuyera SWR zvinoenderana nedhiyagiramu yedunhu. Pakubuda kwejenareta yemuchina, isu tichawedzera kuisa attenuator ine attenuation ye15 dB. Izvi zvichavandudza kuenzanirana kweiyo coupler neinobuda jenareta uye kuwedzera kuyerwa kwechiyero. Iyo attenuator inogona kutorwa neattenuation ye5..15 dB. Huwandu hwekudzikisira huchaverengerwa otomatiki panguva inotevera yekuenzanisa.
Attenuator inoderedza chiratidzo nenhamba yakatarwa yemadecibel. Hunhu hukuru hweattenuator ndeye attenuation coefficient yechiratidzo uye yekushanda frequency renji. Pamafrequency ari kunze kwenzvimbo yekushanda, kuita kweattenuator kunogona kuchinja zvisingatarisike.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuiswa kwekupedzisira. Iwe unofanirwawo kuyeuka kupa yepakati frequency (IF) chiratidzo kubva kuOSA-6G module kuenda kubhodhi huru yechishandiso. Kuti uite izvi, batanidza IF OUTPUT chiteshi pabhodhi guru kune INPUT pane OSA-6G module.
Kuti ndideredze mwero wekuvhiringidza kubva palaptop's switching power supply, ini ndinoita zviyero zvese kana laptop ichifambiswa nebhatiri.
Kuchengetedza
Usati watanga kuyerwa, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvikamu zvechigadzirwa zviri muhurongwa hwekushanda kwakanaka uye mhando yetambo; kuti tiite izvi, tinobatanidza jenareta uye mugamuchiri zvakananga netambo, batidza jenareta uye kuyera frequency. mhinduro. Isu tinowana inenge yakafuratira girafu pa0dB. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pamusoro peiyo frequency renji, simba rese rinopenya rejenareta rakasvika kune anogamuchira.
Kubatanidza jenareta zvakananga kune anogamuchira
Ngatiwedzerei attenuator kudunhu. Iyo inenge kunyange chiratidzo chekudzikisa che15dB inoonekwa mukati mese.
Kubatanidza jenareta kuburikidza ne15dB attenuator kune anogamuchira
Ngatibatanidzei jenareta kuOUT connector ye coupler, uye inogamuchira kuCPL connector yecoupler. Sezvo pasina mutoro wakabatanidzwa kune IN port, yese yechiratidzo inogadzirwa inofanirwa kuratidzwa uye chikamu chayo chakasungirirwa kune anogamuchira. Zvinoenderana nedhetate yecoupler yedu (), iyo Coupling parameter is ~ 15db, zvinoreva kuti tinofanira kuona mutsara wakachinjika pamwero we -30 dB (coupling + attenuator attenuation). Asi sezvo huwandu hwekushanda hwecoupler huchingogumira ku1 GHz, zviyero zvese zviri pamusoro peiyi frequency zvinogona kunzi hazvina zvazvinoreva. Izvi zvinonyatsooneka mugirafu; mushure me1 GHz kuverenga kwacho kune mhirizhonga uye hakuna zvazvinoreva. Naizvozvo, isu tichaita zvese zvimwe zviyero muhuwandu hwekushanda hwe coupler.
Kubatanidza pombi isina mutoro. Muganho wehuwandu hwekushanda hwe coupler hunoonekwa.
Sezvo kuyerwa kwedata pamusoro pe1 GHz, mune yedu, haina musoro, isu tichadzikamisa iyo yakawanda frequency yejenareta kune ekushanda maitiro evaviri. Pakuyera, tinowana mutsara wakatwasuka.
Kuganhurira chiyero chejenareta kune iyo inoshanda siyana ye coupler
Kuti tione kuyera iyo SWR yeantennas, isu tinofanirwa kuita calibration kuti titore maparamendi aripo edunhu (100% kuratidzira) senge rengedzo, kureva, zero dB. Nechinangwa ichi, iyo OSA103 Mini chirongwa ine yakavakirwa-mukati calibration basa. Calibration inoitwa pasina antenna yakabatana (mutoro), calibration data inonyorerwa kufaira uye inozongotariswa otomatiki paunenge uchigadzira magirafu.
Frequency mhinduro calibration basa muOSA103 Mini chirongwa
Kushandisa mhedzisiro yecalibration uye kuyerwa kuyerwa pasina mutoro, tinowana flat graph pa0dB.
Girafu mushure mekugadzirisa
Isu tinoyera antennas
Iye zvino unogona kutanga kuyera antennas. Nekuda kwekugadzirisa, isu tichaona uye kuyera kudzikiswa kwekuratidzira mushure mekubatanidza antenna.
Antenna kubva kuAliexpress pa433MHz
Antenna yamaka 443MHz. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti antenna inoshanda zvakanyanya muye446MHz renji, panguva iyi SWR ndeye 1.16. Panguva imwecheteyo, payakaziviswa frequency kuita kwacho kwakanyanya kuipa, pa433MHz iyo SWR ndeye 4,2.
Antenna isingazivikanwe 1
Antenna isina zviratidzo. Tichitarisa negirafu, yakagadzirirwa 800 MHz, zvichida yeGSM bhendi. Kutaura chokwadi, antenna iyi inoshandawo pa1800 MHz, asi nekuda kwekugumira kwecoupler, ini handikwanise kuita zviyero zvakaringana pama frequency aya.
Antenna isingazivikanwe 2
Imwe antenna yanga yakarara mumabhokisi angu kwenguva yakareba. Sezviri pachena, zvakare kune iyo GSM renji, asi iri nani pane yapfuura. Pa frequency ye764 MHz, iyo SWR iri padyo nekubatana, pa900 MHz iyo SWR iri 1.4.
Antenna isingazivikanwe 3
Inotaridzika kunge antenna yeWi-Fi, asi nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero iyo yekubatanidza ndeye SMA-Murume, uye kwete RP-SMA, senge ese Wi-Fi antenna. Tichifunga nezviyero, pamafrequencies anosvika 1 MHz iyi antenna haina basa. Zvekare, nekuda kwekugumira kwecoupler, isu hatizive kuti imhando yei antenna.
Telescopic antenna
Ngatiedzei kuverenga kuti telescopic antenna inoda kuwedzerwa kusvika papi kune iyo 433MHz renji. Nzira yekuverenga yewavelength ndeiyi: Ξ» = C/f, uko C ndiko kumhanya kwechiedza, f ndiyo frequency.
299.792.458 / 443.000.000 = 0.69719176279
Full wavelength - 69,24 cm
Half wavelength - 34,62 cm
Quarter wavelength - 17,31 cm
Iyo antenna yakaverengerwa nenzira iyi yakave isina maturo zvachose. Pafrequency ye433MHz iyo SWR kukosha ndeye 11.
Nekuedza kuwedzera antenna, ndakakwanisa kuwana shoma SWR ye2.8 ine antenna kureba inosvika masendimita makumi mashanu. Zvakazoitika kuti ukobvu hwezvikamu hwakakosha zvikuru. Kureva, pakutambanudza chete zvikamu zvitete zvekunze, mhedzisiro yaive nani pane pakutambanudza chete zvikamu zvakakora kusvika pakureba kwakafanana. Handizivi kuti iwe unofanirwa kuvimba zvakadini nekuverenga uku nehurefu hwe telescopic antenna mune ramangwana, nokuti mukuita hazvishande. Pamwe inoshanda zvakasiyana nemamwe antenna kana ma frequency, ini handizive.
Chidimbu chewaya pa433MHz
Kazhinji mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana, senge redhiyo switch, unogona kuona chidimbu chewaya yakatwasuka senge antenna. Ndakacheka chimedu chewaya chakaenzana nekota wavelength ye433 MHz (17,3 cm) uye ndakaisa magumo kuti ikwane zvakakwana muSMA Female connector.
Mhedzisiro yacho yaishamisa: waya yakadai inoshanda zvakanaka pa360 MHz asi haina basa pa433 MHz.
Ndakatanga kucheka waya kubva kumucheto chidimbu nechidimbu uye kutarisa kuverenga. Kunyura mugirafu kwakatanga kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kurudyi, kuenda ku433 MHz. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pamusoro pewaya kureba ingangoita 15,5 cm, ndakakwanisa kuwana diki SWR kukosha kwe1.8 pafrequency ye438 MHz. Kuwedzera kupfupikiswa kwetambo kwakakonzera kuwedzera kweSWR.
mhedziso
Nekuda kwekugumira kwecoupler, zvaisaita kuyera antenna mumabhendi pamusoro pe1 GHz, senge Wi-Fi antennas. Izvi zvingadai zvakaitwa dai ndaive nepamusoro bandwidth coupler.
A coupler, tambo dzekubatanidza, mudziyo, uye kunyange laptop zvese zvikamu zveinokonzeresa antenna system. Geometry yavo, nzvimbo munzvimbo uye zvinhu zvakatenderedza zvinopesvedzera mhedzisiro yekuyera. Mushure mekuiswa paredhiyo chaiyo kana modem, iyo frequency inogona kuchinja, nekuti mutumbi weredhiyo, modem, uye muviri wemushandisi unozove chikamu cheantenna.
OSA103 Mini inotonhorera kwazvo multifunctional mudziyo. Ndinotaura kutenda kwangu kumugadziri wayo nekubvunzana panguva yezviyero.
Source: www.habr.com