Zvinozivikanwa kuti kugona kweCTO kunoedzwa kechipiri chete paanoita basa iri. Nokuti chinhu chimwe chete kushanda mukambani kwemakore akati wandei, shanduka nayo uye, kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana, zvishoma nezvishoma unogamuchira mamwe mabasa. Uye zvakangofanana nekuuya munzvimbo yehunyanzvi director pakambani ine legacy baggage uye matambudziko mazhinji akatsvairwa pasi pegumbo.

Mupfungwa iyi, chiitiko chaLeon Fire, chaakagovana nacho DevOpsConf, kwete chaiyo yakasarudzika, asi yakapetwa neruzivo rwake uye nhamba yemabasa akasiyana aakakwanisa kuyedza mukati memakore makumi maviri, inobatsira zvikuru. Pazasi pekuchekwa ndiko kutevedzana kwezviitiko zvemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe uye nyaya dzakawanda dzinonakidza kuseka pazvinoitika kune mumwe munhu, asi izvo zvisinganakidze kutarisana mumunhu.

Leon anotaura zvine mavara kwazvo muchiRussia, saka kana uine 35-40 maminetsi, ndinokurudzira kuona vhidhiyo. Text version kuchengetedza nguva pazasi.

Yekutanga vhezheni yemushumo yaive tsananguro yakanyatsorongeka yekushanda nevanhu uye maitiro, aine mazano anobatsira. Asi haana kutaura mashura ese akasangana munzira. Naizvozvo, ndakachinja mafomati ndikaunza matambudziko akabuda pamberi pangu senge jack-in-the-bhokisi mukambani nyowani, uye nzira dzekuagadzirisa mukutevedzana kwenguva.

Mwedzi mumwe pamberi

Kufanana nenyaya dzakawanda dzakanaka, iyi yakatanga nedoro. Takanga takagara neshamwari mubhawa, uye setsika pakati penyanzvi dzeIT, munhu wese aichema nezvematambudziko avo. Mumwe wavo akanga achangochinja mabasa uye akanga achitaura nezvematambudziko ake nekombiyuta, uye nevanhu, uye neboka. Kuteerera kwandaiita ndipo pandakaona kuti aifanira kungondipinza basa, nekuti aya ndiwo marudzi ematambudziko andave ndichigadzirisa kwemakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Ndakamuudza kudaro, mangwana acho takasangana kubasa. Kambani iyi yainzi Teaching Strategies.

Teaching Strategies mutungamiri wemusika mucurriculum yevana vadiki kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika pamakore matatu ekuberekwa. Kambani ye "pepa" yekare yatova nemakore makumi mana, uye digital SaaS version yepuratifomu ine makore 40. Zvishomanana munguva pfupi yapfuura, maitiro ekugadzirisa teknolojia yedhijitari kumitemo yekambani yakatanga. Iyo "itsva" vhezheni yakatangwa muna 10 uye yaive yakafanana neyekare, chete yakashanda zvakanyanya.

Chinhu chinonyanya kufadza ndechekuti traffic yekambani iyi inofanotaura - zuva nezuva, gore negore, unogona kunyatsofanotaura kuti vangani vanhu vachauya uye rinhi. Somuenzaniso, pakati pa13 na15 p.m. vana vose vari mukireshi vanoenda kunorara uye vadzidzisi vanotanga kuisa mashoko. Uye izvi zvinoitika mazuva ese, kunze kwekupera kwevhiki, nekuti anenge hapana anoshanda pakupera kwevhiki.

Ndichitarisa mberi zvishoma, ndichaona kuti ndakatanga basa rangu panguva yemotokari yepamusoro yegore negore, iyo inofadza kune zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.

Iyi puratifomu, yairatidzika kunge iine makore maviri chete, yaive neyakajairika stack: ColdFusion & SQL Server kubva 2. ColdFusion, kana iwe usingazive, uye kazhinji iwe hauzive, ibhizinesi PHP rakabuda pakati pe-2008s, uye kubva ipapo handisati ndambonzwa nezvayo. Zvakare kwaivepo: Ruby, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Java, Go, Python. Asi iyo huru monolith yakamhanya paColdFusion uye SQL Server.

Matambudziko

Pandainyanya kutaura nevashandi vekambani nezvebasa uye kuti matambudziko api akasangana nawo, ndipo pandakaona kuti matambudziko acho aisangova ehunyanzvi mune zvakasikwa. Zvakanaka, tekinoroji yasakara - uye havana kushanda pairi, asi pakanga paine matambudziko neboka uye nemaitiro, uye kambani yakatanga kunzwisisa izvi.

Sechivanhu, matekichi avo aigara mukona uye achiita mamwe mabasa. Asi bhizinesi rakawanda rakatanga kuenda kuburikidza neshanduro yedhijitari. Nokudaro, mugore rekupedzisira ndisati ndatanga kushanda, vatsva vakaonekwa mukambani: bhodhi revatungamiri, CTO, CPO uye QA director. Ndiko kuti, kambani yakatanga kuisa mari mune tekinoroji chikamu.

Tsanangudzo dzenhaka inorema dzaive dzisiri mumasystem chete. Iyo kambani yaive nemaitiro enhaka, vanhu venhaka, tsika yenhaka. Zvose izvi zvaifanira kuchinjwa. Ndakafunga kuti hazvizove zvinofinha, uye ndakafunga kuti ndiedze.

Mazuva maviri zvisati zvaitika

Mazuva maviri ndisati ndatanga basa idzva, ndakasvika pahofisi, ndikazadza mapepa okupedzisira, ndakasangana neboka racho, uye ndakaona kuti boka racho rakanga richinetseka nechinetso panguva iyoyo. Yakanga iri iyo avhareji peji yekurodha nguva yakasvetuka kusvika kumasekonzi mana, kureva, 4 nguva.

Tichitarisa negirafu, chimwe chinhu chakaitika zvakajeka, uye hazvisi pachena kuti chii. Zvakazoitika kuti dambudziko raive network latency munzvimbo yedata: 5 ms latency munzvimbo yedata yakashandurwa kuita 2 s yevashandisi. Ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti sei izvi zvakaitika, asi chero zvakadaro zvakazozivikanwa kuti dambudziko raiva munzvimbo yedata.

Zuva rokutanga

Pakapera mazuva maviri ndikatanga kushanda ndipo pandakaona kuti dambudziko rakanga risati rapera.

Kwemazuva maviri, mapeji evashandisi akaiswa paavhareji mumasekonzi mana. Ndinobvunza kana vakawana dambudziko nderei.

- Hongu, takavhura tikiti.
- UYE?
- Zvakanaka, havasati vatipindura.

Ndakabva ndaona kuti zvese zvandainge ndamboudzwa yaingova kapfungwa kadiki kandaifanira kurwisa.

Pane quote yakanaka inokodzera izvi zvakanyanya:

"Dzimwe nguva kuti uchinje tekinoroji unofanirwa kuchinja sangano."

Asi kubva pandakatanga basa panguva yakabatikana yegore, ndaifanira kutarisa nzira mbiri dzekugadzirisa dambudziko: zvese nekukurumidza uye kwenguva refu. Uye tanga nezvakakosha izvozvi.

Zuva rechitatu

Saka, kurodha kunotora masekonzi mana, uye kubva pa4 kusvika ku13 iwo makuru makuru epamusoro.

Pazuva rechitatu panguva iyi yenguva, kumhanya kwekurodha kwaitaridzika seizvi:

Sekuona kwangu hapana chakashanda zvachose. Sekuona kwevamwe vese yaimhanya zvishoma kudarika mazuva ese. Asi hazvingoitiki saizvozvo-idambudziko guru.

Ndakaedza kunyengerera timu, kwavakapindura kuti vaingoda mamwe maseva. Izvi, hongu, ndiyo mhinduro yedambudziko, asi haisi iyo yega uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Ndakabvunza kuti sei pakanga pasina maseva akakwana, chii chaive huwandu hwetraffic. Ndakawedzera iyo data uye ndakaona kuti isu tine zvingangoita zana nemakumi mashanu zvikumbiro pasekondi, izvo, mumusimboti, zvinowira mukati memiganhu inonzwisisika.

Asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti usati wawana mhinduro yakarurama, unofanira kubvunza mubvunzo wakarurama. Mubvunzo wangu unotevera waive: mangani maseva ekumberi atinawo? Mhinduro "yakandinetsa zvishoma" - takanga tine maseva gumi nemanomwe ekumberi!

- Ndinonyara kubvunza, asi 150 yakakamurwa ne17 inopa nezve 8? Uri kuti sevha yega yega inobvumira zvikumbiro zvisere pasekondi, uye kana mangwana paine zvikumbiro zana nemakumi matanhatu pasekondi, isu tichada mamwe maseva maviri?

Chokwadi, taisada mamwe maseva. Mhinduro yaive mune kodhi pachayo, uye pamusoro:

var currentClass = classes.getCurrentClass();
return currentClass;

Paive nechiitiko getCurrentClass(), nokuti zvinhu zvose zviri pasaiti zvinoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu ekirasi - ndizvo chaizvo. Uye nokuda kweichi basa rimwe chete papeji yega yega yaivepo 200+ zvikumbiro.

Mhinduro nenzira iyi yaive yakapusa, iwe waisatombofanira kunyora chero chinhu: usangobvunza ruzivo rwakafanana zvakare.

if ( !isDefined("REQUEST.currentClass") ) {
    var classes = new api.private.classes.base();
   REQUEST.currentClass = classes.getCurrentClass();
}
return REQUEST.currentClass;

Ndakafara zvikuru nokuti ndakafunga kuti pazuva rechitatu chete ndakanga ndawana dambudziko guru. Kusaziva kwangu, iyi yaingova imwe yematambudziko mazhinji.

Asi kugadzirisa dambudziko iri rekutanga kwakadonhedza girafu pasi zvakanyanya.

Panguva imwecheteyo, takanga tichiita zvimwe zvigadziriso. Paive nezvakawanda zvinhu zvaionekwa zvaigona kugadziriswa. Semuenzaniso, pazuva rechitatu rimwe chete ndakaona kuti pane cache muhurongwa mushure mezvose (pakutanga ndaifunga kuti zvikumbiro zvose zvaiuya zvakananga kubva kudhatabhesi). Pandinofunga nezve cache, ndinofunga nezve standard Redis kana Memcached. Asi ini ndini ndoga ndaifunga kudaro, nekuti iyo sisitimu yakashandisa MongoDB neSQL Server ye caching - iyo imwechete iyo data ichangoverengwa.

Zuva regumi

Vhiki rokutanga ndakabata nezvinetso zvaida kugadziriswa iye zvino. Pane imwe nzvimbo muvhiki yechipiri, ndakasvika pakumira-kwekutanga kuti nditaure neboka, kuti ndione kuti chii chiri kuitika uye kuti nzira yose yaifamba sei.

Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chakawanikwa zvakare. Chikwata ichi chaisanganisira: vanogadzira 18; 8 testers; 3 mamaneja; 2 vagadziri. Uye vose vakapinda mumitambo yakafanana, ndiko kuti, vanhu vanopfuura 30 vaiuya kuzomira mangwanani oga oga ndokutaura zvavakaita. Zviri pachena kuti musangano wacho hauna kutora maminitsi mashanu kana gumi nemashanu. Hapana aiteerera mumwe nekuti munhu wese anoshanda pamasystem akasiyana. Mune iyi fomu, 5-15 matikiti paawa yemusangano wekushambidzika yaive yatove mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Chinhu chekutanga chatakaita chakatsemura timu kuita mitsara yakawanda yechigadzirwa. Kune zvikamu zvakasiyana uye masisitimu, takagovera zvikwata zvakasiyana, izvo zvaisanganisira vanogadzira, vanoedza, mamaneja ezvigadzirwa, uye vanoongorora bhizinesi.

Nekuda kweizvozvo takawana:

• Kuderedza kumira-ups uye rally.
• Ruzivo rwechigadzirwa chechigadzirwa.
• Pfungwa yekuve muridzi. Apo vanhu vaiwanzoita masystem nguva dzose, vaiziva kuti mumwe munhu aizofanira kushanda netsikidzi dzavo, asi kwete ivo pachavo.
• Kudyidzana pakati pemapoka. Hazvina maturo kutaura, QA haina kutaurirana zvakanyanya nevagadziri vepurogiramu kare, chigadzirwa chakaita chayo, nezvimwe. Iye zvino vane pfungwa yakafanana yomutoro.

Isu takanyanya kutarisa nezvekuita, kugadzirwa uye hunhu - aya ndiwo matambudziko atakaedza kugadzirisa nekushandurwa kwechikwata.

Zuva regumi nerimwe

Mukuita kushandura chimiro chechikwata, ndakawana maverengero nyayaPoints. 1 SP yaive yakaenzana nezuva rimwe, uye tikiti rega rega raive neSP yezvese budiriro uye QA, kureva, ingangoita 2 SP.

Izvi ndakazviwana sei?

Isu takawana bug: mune imwe yemishumo, uko zuva rekutanga uye rekupedzisira renguva iyo iyo ripoti inodiwa inopindirwa, zuva rekupedzisira harina kuverengerwa. Ndiko kuti, pane imwe nzvimbo muchikumbiro pakanga pasina <=, asi zviri nyore <. Ndakaudzwa kuti aya maPoints matatu eNyaya, kureva 3 yezuva.

Mushure meizvi isu:

• Iyo Story Points rating system yakagadziridzwa. Ikozvino zvigadziriso zvezvidiki zvidiki zvinogona kukurumidza kupfuudzwa kuburikidza nehurongwa zvinosvika kumushandisi nekukurumidza.
• Takatanga kubatanidza matikiti ane hukama ekusimudzira uye kuyedzwa. Kare, tikiti rega rega, bug yega yega yaive yakavharwa ecosystem, isina kusungirirwa kune chimwe chinhu. Kuchinja mabhatani matatu pane rimwe peji kungadai kwakave matikiti matatu akasiyana ane matatu akasiyana QA maitiro pachinzvimbo cheimwe otomatiki bvunzo papeji.
• Takatanga kushanda nevagadziri pamaitiro ekufungidzira mutengo wevashandi. Mazuva matatu ekuchinja bhatani rimwe hazvisekese.

Zuva rechimakumi maviri

Pane imwe nzvimbo pakati pemwedzi wekutanga, mamiriro acho akagadzikana zvishoma, ndakafunga kuti chii chainyanya kuitika, uye ndakatotanga kutarisa mune ramangwana uye kufunga nezvekugadzirisa kwenguva refu.

Zvinangwa zvenguva refu:

• Managed platform. Mazana ezvikumbiro papeji imwe neimwe haana kukomba.
• Zvinofungidzirwa mafambiro. Paive nenhamba dzenguva nenguva dzetraffic dzaive dzisina kuwirirana nemamwe ma metrics - taifanira kunzwisisa kuti sei izvi zvakaitika uye kudzidza kufanotaura.
• Platform kuwedzera. Bhizinesi riri kuramba richikura, vashandisi vakawanda vari kuuya, uye traffic iri kuwedzera.

Kare zvaiwanzonzi: "Ngatinyoreizve zvese mu[mutauro/chimiro], zvese zvichashanda zvirinani!"

Kazhinji izvi hazvishande, zvakanaka kana kunyorazve kuchishanda zvachose. Naizvozvo, isu taifanira kugadzira mugwagwa - yakananga zano rinoratidza nhanho nhanho kuti zvibodzwa zvebhizinesi zvinozadzikiswa sei (zvatichaita uye nei), izvo:

• inoratidza chinangwa nezvinangwa zvepurojekiti;
• inokoshesa zvinangwa zvikuru;
• ine purogiramu yokuzviwana.

Izvi zvisati zvaitika, hapana akanga ambotaura neboka racho nezvechinangwa chekuchinja kupi nokupi kwaiitwa. Izvi zvinoda metrics ebudiriro. Kwenguva yekutanga munhoroondo yekambani, takaisa KPIs yeboka rekugadzira, uye zviratidzo izvi zvakasungirirwa kune sangano.

Kureva kuti, maKPI esangano anotsigirwa nezvikwata, uye maKPIs echikwata anotsigirwa nemaKPI ega ega. Zvikasadaro, kana tekinoroji KPIs isingaenderane neiyo yesangano, saka munhu wese anodhonza gumbeze paari.

Semuenzaniso, imwe yesangano reKPIs iri kuwedzera chikamu chemusika kuburikidza nezvigadzirwa zvitsva.

Ungatsigira sei chinangwa chekuva nezvimwe zvitsva zvigadzirwa?

• Chekutanga, tinoda kupedza nguva yakawanda tichigadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva pachinzvimbo chekugadzirisa zvinokanganisa. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro ine musoro iri nyore kuyera.
• Chechipiri, isu tinoda kutsigira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekutengesa, nekuti iyo yakakura chikamu chemusika, vashandisi vazhinji uye, zvinoenderana, inowedzera traffic.

Ipapo maKPI ega ega anogona kuurayiwa mukati meboka, semuenzaniso, angave ari munzvimbo iyo huru hurema hunobva. Kana iwe ukatarisa zvakanyanya pachikamu ichi, iwe unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti kune hurema hushoma, uye ipapo nguva yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva uye zvakare yekutsigira KPIs yesangano ichawedzera.

Saka, sarudzo yega yega, kusanganisira yekunyorazve kodhi, inofanirwa kutsigira zvinangwa chaizvo izvo kambani yatigadzirira (kukura kwesangano, maitiro matsva, kupinza basa).

Munguva iyi, chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chakauya pachena, icho chakava nhau kwete chete kune techies, asi kazhinji mukambani: matikiti ose anofanira kutariswa pane imwe KPI. Ndokunge, kana chigadzirwa chikati chinoda kugadzira chinhu chitsva, mubvunzo wekutanga unofanirwa kubvunzwa: "Ichi chinotsigira KPI chii?" Kana zvisiri, saka urombo - zvinoita sechinhu chisingakoshi.

Zuva remakumi matatu

Pakupera kwemwedzi, ndakawana imwe nuance: hapana pachikwata changu cheOps akamboona zvibvumirano zvatinopinda mazviri nevatengi. Iwe unogona kubvunza kuti nei uchifanira kuona vanobatika.

• Chekutanga, nekuti maSLA anotsanangurwa muzvibvumirano.
• Chechipiri, maSLA ese akasiyana. Mutengi wega wega akauya nezvaaida, uye dhipatimendi rekutengesa rakasaina pasina kutarisa.

Imwe nuance inonakidza ndeyekuti chibvumirano nemumwe wevatengi vakakura chinotaura kuti ese mavhezheni esoftware anotsigirwa nepuratifomu anofanirwa kunge ari n-1, kureva, kwete yazvino vhezheni, asi iyo yekupedzisira.

Zviri pachena kuti taive kure sei kubva kun-1 kana chikuva chakavakirwa paColdFusion uye SQL Server 2008, iyo yakanga isingachatsigirwi zvachose muna Chikunguru.

Zuva remakumi mana neshanu

Pakati pemwedzi wechipiri ndakawana nguva yakakwana yekugara pasi ndichiita ukoshichikovanzvimbo ine zvizere kune iyo nzira yese. Aya ndiwo matanho anodiwa anofanirwa kutorwa, kubva pakugadzira chigadzirwa kusvika kuchiendesa kune mutengi, uye anofanirwa kutsanangurwa zvakadzama sezvinobvira.

Iwe unopwanya maitiro kuita zvidimbu zvidiki uye woona zviri kutora nguva yakawandisa, chii chinogona kugadziriswa, kuvandudzwa, nezvimwe. Semuenzaniso, zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti chikumbiro chechigadzirwa chipfuure nekushambidzika, inosvika rinhi tikiti rinogona kutorwa nemugadziri, QA, nezvimwe. Saka iwe unotarisa pane yega yega nhanho zvakadzama uye funga nezve izvo zvinogona kugadziriswa.

Pandakaita izvi, zvinhu zviviri zvakabata ziso rangu:

• chikamu chepamusoro chetikiti chakadzoka kubva kuQA kudzokera kune vanogadzira;
• dhonza chikumbiro wongororo yakatora nguva yakareba.

Chinetso chaive chekuti idzi dzaive mhedziso senge: Zvinoita kunge zvinotora nguva yakawanda, asi isu hatina chokwadi kuti inguva yakareba sei.

"Iwe haugone kuvandudza zvausingakwanise kuyera."

Nzira yekuzvipembedza sei kuti dambudziko rakakura sei? Inopedza mazuva kana maawa here?

Kuyera izvi, takawedzera matanho akati wandei kuJira process: "yakagadzirira dev" uye "yakagadzirira QA" kuyera kuti tikiti rega rega rinomirira nguva yakareba sei uye kangani rinodzokera kune imwe nhanho.

Isu takawedzera "mukuongorora" kuziva kuti mangani matikiti ari paavhareji ekuongorora, uye kubva pane izvi unogona kutanga kutamba. Isu takanga tine masisitimu metrics, zvino tawedzera metrics matsva ndokutanga kuyera:

• Maitiro ekubudirira: kuita uye kurongwa / kuendeswa.
• Maitiro emhando: nhamba yekuremara, kukanganisa kubva kuQA.

Zvinobatsira chaizvo kunzwisisa zviri kufamba zvakanaka uye izvo zvisiri kufamba zvakanaka.

Zuva rechimakumi mashanu

Izvi ndizvo zvose, hongu, zvakanaka uye zvinonakidza, asi kumagumo emwedzi wechipiri chimwe chinhu chakaitika icho, mumutemo, chaifanotaurwa, kunyange zvazvo ndakanga ndisingatarisiri chiyero chakadaro. Vanhu vakatanga kuenda nekuti manejimendi epamusoro aive achinja. Vanhu vatsva vakapinda mukutungamira ndokutanga kushandura zvese, uye vekare vakasiya. Uye kazhinji mukambani ine makore akati wandei, munhu wese ishamwari uye munhu wese anozivana.

Izvi zvaitarisirwa, asi ukuru hwekudzingwa basa hwakanga husingatarisirwi. Semuenzaniso, muvhiki imwe vatungamiriri vezvikwata zviviri panguva imwe chete vakatumira kusiya basa kwavo nekuda kwavo. Naizvozvo, ndaifanira kusangokanganwa nezvemamwe matambudziko, asi kuisa pfungwa pazviri kugadzira timu. Iri idambudziko rakareba uye rakaoma kugadzirisa, asi raifanira kugadziriswa nekuti ndaida kuponesa vanhu vakasara (kana vazhinji vavo). Zvakanga zvakafanira kuita neimwe nzira kune chokwadi chekuti vanhu vakasiya kuitira kuchengetedza tsika muchikwata.

Mune dzidziso, izvi zvakanaka: munhu mutsva anouya ane yakazara carte blanche, anogona kuongorora hunyanzvi hwechikwata uye kutsiva vashandi. Muchokwadi, haugone kungounza vanhu vatsva nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Kuenzanisa kunodiwa nguva dzose.

• Chekare uye chitsva. Tinofanira kuchengetedza vanhu vakwegura vanogona kuchinja uye kutsigira basa. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, tinoda kuunza ropa idzva, tichazotaura nezvazvo zvishoma gare gare.
• Zvakaitika. Ndakataura zvakawanda nemajuniors aive neshungu uye aida kushanda nesu. Asi handina kukwanisa kuvatora nekuti pakanga pasina vakuru vakakwana kuti vatsigire vechidiki uye kuita sevarairidzi kwavari. Zvakanga zvakafanira kutanga kuunganidza pamusoro uye chete ipapo vechidiki.
• Karoti uye tsvimbo.

Ini handina mhinduro yakanaka kumubvunzo wekuti ndeipi chiyero chakakodzera, nzira yekuichengeta, vangani vanhu vekuchengeta uye kuti ingani yekusundira. Iyi inzira yega yega.

Zuva rechimakumi mashanu nerimwe

Ndakatanga kunyatsotarisisa timu kuti ndinzwisise wandaive ndinaye, uye zvakare ndakarangarira:

"Matambudziko mazhinji matambudziko evanhu."

Ndakaona kuti timu yakadaro - zvese Dev uye Ops - ine matambudziko matatu makuru:

• Kugutsikana nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo.
• Kushaya basa - nekuti hapana akambounza mhedzisiro yebasa revatambi kuti vape bhizinesi.
• Kutya shanduko.

Shanduko nguva dzose inokutora kubva munzvimbo yako yekunyaradza, uye vechidiki vari, ivo vanonyanya kusada shanduko nekuti havanzwisise kuti sei uye havanzwisise sei. Mhinduro yakajairika yandakanzwa ndeyekuti, "Hatina kumbozviita." Uyezve, zvakasvika padanho rekusaziva zvachose - shanduko shoma haigone kuitika pasina munhu akatsamwa. Uye pasinei nokuti kuchinja kwacho kwakakanganisa basa ravo zvakadini, vanhu vakati: “Aiwa, nei? Izvi hazvishande."

Asi haugone kuita zvirinani usina kushandura chinhu.

Ndakaita hurukuro isina musoro nemushandi, ndakamuudza mazano angu ekugadzirisa, kwaakandiudza:
- Ah, iwe hauna kuona zvataive nazvo gore rapfuura!
- Saka manje?
"Iye zvino zvave nani kupfuura zvazvaive."
- Saka, haigone kuwana chero zvirinani?
- Chii?

Mubvunzo wakanaka - nei? Zvinoita sekunge zviri nani ikozvino kupfuura zvazvaive, saka zvese zvakanaka zvakakwana. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukushaya mutoro, izvo zvakajairika mumusimboti. Sezvandakataura, boka rehunyanzvi raive padivi padiki. Iyo kambani yakatenda kuti yaifanira kuvapo, asi hapana akambogadza mipimo. Tsigiro yehunyanzvi haina kumboona iyo SLA, saka yaive "inogamuchirika" kuboka (uye izvi zvakanyanya kundirwadza):

• 12 seconds loading;
• 5-10 maminitsi downtime imwe neimwe kusunungurwa;
• Kugadzirisa matambudziko akakosha kunotora mazuva nemavhiki;
• kushaikwa kwevashandi vebasa 24x7 / pa-kufona.

Hapana akamboedza kubvunza kuti sei tisingaite zviri nani, uye hapana akamboziva kuti hazvifanirwe kudaro.

Sebhonasi, pakanga paine rimwe dambudziko: kushaya ruzivo. Vakuru vakaenda, uye boka diki rakasara rakakura pasi pehutongi hwekare uye rakaiswa muchetura nazvo.

Pamusoro pezvese izvi, vanhu vaityawo kufoira uye kuratidzika sevasina basa. Izvi zvinoratidzwa muidi rokuti, chokutanga, ivo pasina mamiriro ezvinhu akakumbira rubatsiro. Kangani patakataura seboka uye mumwe nemumwe, uye ini ndati, "Bvunza mubvunzo kana usingazivi kuita chimwe chinhu." Ndinovimba neni uye ndinoziva kuti ndinogona kugadzirisa chero dambudziko, asi zvinotora nguva. Naizvozvo, kana ndikakwanisa kubvunza mumwe munhu anoziva nzira yekugadzirisa iyo mumaminitsi gumi, ini ndichabvunza. Kana ruzivo rushoma rwauinarwo, ndipo paunonyanya kutya kubvunza nekuti unofunga kuti uchanzi haugone.

Uku kutya kubvunza mibvunzo kunozviratidza nenzira dzinonakidza. Semuenzaniso, unobvunza kuti: "Uri kuita sei nebasa iri?" - "Kwasara maawa mashoma, ndave kutopedza." Zuva rinotevera iwe unobvunza zvakare, iwe unowana mhinduro yekuti zvese zvakanaka, asi pakanga paine dambudziko rimwe, richave rakagadzirira pakupera kwezuva. Rimwe zuva rinopfuura, uye kutozosvikira wanamirwa kumadziro nokumanikidzwa kutaura nomumwe munhu, ikoku kunopfuurira. Munhu anoda kugadzirisa dambudziko pachake; anotenda kuti kana akasagadzirisa pachake, kunenge kukundikana kukuru.

Ndicho chikonzero vagadziri vakawedzera fungidziro. Yakanga iri nhoroondo imwe chete iyoyo, pavakanga vachikurukura rimwe basa, vakandipa chimiro chakadaro zvokuti ndakashamiswa zvikuru. Kwandakaudzwa kuti mukufungidzira kwemugadziri, mugadziri anosanganisira nguva iyo tikiti ichadzoserwa kubva kuQA, nekuti ivo vachawana zvikanganiso ipapo, uye nguva iyo PR ichatora, uye nguva apo vanhu vanofanirwa kuongorora. ichave yakabatikana - ndiko kuti, zvese, chero zvinogoneka.

Chechipiri, vanhu vanotya kuonekwa sevasingakwanisi overanalyze. Paunotaura izvo chaizvo zvinoda kuitwa, zvinotanga: "Kwete, ko kana tikafunga nezvazvo pano?" Mupfungwa iyi, kambani yedu haina yakasarudzika; iri idambudziko rakajairwa kune vechidiki.

Mukupindura, ndakazivisa maitiro anotevera:

• Tora maminitsi makumi matatu. Kana usingakwanise kugadzirisa dambudziko muhafu yeawa, kumbira mumwe munhu kuti akubatsire. Izvi zvinoshanda nemadhigirii akasiyana ekubudirira, nekuti vanhu havasati vabvunza, asi zvirinani maitiro atanga.
• Bvisa zvese kunze kweiyo essence, pakuenzanisa zuva rekupedzisira rekupedzisa basa, ndiko kuti, funga chete kuti zvichatora nguva yakareba sei kunyora kodhi.
• Kudzidza kweupenyu hwose kune avo vanoongorora zvakanyanya. Ingori basa rekugara nevanhu.

Zuva rechimakumi matanhatu

Ndichiri kuita zvese izvi, yaive nguva yekuona bhajeti. Chokwadi, ndakawana zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofadza umo takashandisa mari yedu. Semuenzaniso, takanga tine rack rose mune imwe nzvimbo yedata data ine imwe FTP server, iyo yakashandiswa nemumwe mutengi. Zvakazoitika kuti "... takatama, asi akagara akadaro, isu hatina kumuchinja." Kwaive 2 years ago.

Chakanyanya kufarirwa yaive bhiri remasevhisi emakore. Ini ndinotenda chikonzero chikuru cheiyo yakakwira gore bhiri ndeyevagadziri vane mukana usingagumi wemaseva kekutanga muhupenyu hwavo. Havadi kubvunza kuti: "Ndapota ndipei test server," vanogona kuitora ivo pachavo. Uyezve, vanogadzira vanogara vachida kuvaka iyo inotonhorera sisitimu zvekuti Facebook neNetflix vanozoita godo.

Asi vanogadzira havana ruzivo mukutenga maseva uye hunyanzvi hwekuona saizi inodiwa yemaseva, nekuti ivo vaisamboida. Uye ivo kazhinji havanyatso nzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pe scalability nekuita.

Inventory results:

• Takasiya same data center.
• Takamisa chibvumirano ne3 log services. Nekuti isu taive nevashanu vavo - mugadziri wese akatanga kutamba nechimwe chinhu akatora chitsva.
• 7 AWS masisitimu akavharwa. Zvakare, hapana akamisa zvirongwa zvakafa; vose vakaramba vachishanda.
• Yakaderedzwa mutengo wesoftware ne6 nguva.

Zuva rechimakumi manomwe neshanu

Nguva yakafamba, uye mumwedzi miviri nehafu ndaifanira kuonana neboka revatungamiriri. Boka redu revatungamiriri harina nani kana rakaipa kupfuura vamwe; semabhodhi ese evatungamiriri, rinoda kuziva zvese. Vanhu vanodyara mari uye vanoda kunzwisisa kuti yakawanda sei zvatinoita inoenderana neiyo KPIs yakatarwa.

Dare revatungamiri rinogamuchira ruzivo rwakawanda mwedzi woga woga: nhamba yevashandisi, kukura kwavo, ndeapi masevhisi avanoshandisa uye sei, kuita uye kubereka, uye pakupedzisira, avhareji peji yekurodha kumhanya.

Dambudziko chete nderekuti ini ndinotenda kuti pakati pehuipi hwakachena. Asi zvakaoma zvikuru kutsanangura izvi kubhodhi revatungamiri. Ivo vakajaira kushanda nenhamba dzakaunganidzwa, uye kwete, semuenzaniso, kupararira kwekurodha nguva pasekondi.

Paiva nezvimwe zvainakidza panyaya iyi. Semuenzaniso, ndakati isu tinofanirwa kupatsanura traffic pakati peakaparadzana webhu maseva zvichienderana nerudzi rwemukati.

Ndiko kuti, ColdFusion inopinda neJetty uye nginx uye inotanga mapeji. Uye mifananidzo, JS neCSS inopinda nepakati yakaparadzana nginx ine yavo magadzirirwo. Iyi itsika chaiyo yandiri kutaura nezvayo akanyora makore mashoma apfuura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mapikicha anoremedza nekukurumidza, uye ... chiyero chekutakura chakawedzera ne200 ms.

Izvi zvakaitika nekuti girafu inovakwa zvichibva pane data inouya neJetty. Ndiko kuti, zvirimo zvinokurumidza hazvina kubatanidzwa mukuverenga - chiyero chepakati chasvetuka. Izvi zvaive pachena kwatiri, takaseka, asi tingatsanangurira sei bhodhi revatungamiri kuti sei takaita chimwe chinhu uye zvinhu zvakawedzera kuipa ne12%?

Zuva remakumi masere neshanu

Pakupera kwemwedzi wechitatu, ndakaona kuti pakanga pane chinhu chimwe chete chandakanga ndisingamboverengeri pachiri: nguva. Zvese zvandataura zvinotora nguva.

Iyi ndiyo karenda yangu yevhiki nevhiki - vhiki yebasa chete, isina kunyanya kubatikana. Hapana nguva yakakwana yezvose. Naizvozvo, zvakare, unofanirwa kutsvaga vanhu vanozokubatsira kubata nematambudziko.

mhedziso

Handizvo zvoga. Munyaya iyi, ini handisati ndasvika pakushanda kwatakaita nechigadzirwa uye kuyedza kuterera kune general wave, kana masanganisiro atakaita rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi, kana kugadzirisa kwatakaita mamwe matambudziko ehunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, ndakadzidza netsaona kuti pamatafura makuru mune database hatishandise SEQUENCE. Tine basa rekuzvinyora nextID, uye haishandiswe mukutengeserana.

Paive nezvimwe miriyoni zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana zvataigona kutaura nezvazvo kwenguva yakareba. Asi chinonyanya kukosha chichiri kuda kutaurwa itsika.

Itsika kana kushaikwa kwayo kunotungamirira kune mamwe matambudziko ese. Tiri kuedza kuvaka tsika apo vanhu:

• musatya kukundikana;
• dzidza kubva mukukanganisa;
• shandira pamwe nezvimwe zvikwata;
• tanga;
• tora mutoro;
• gamuchira chigumisiro sechinangwa;
• kupemberera kubudirira.

Neizvi zvimwe zvese zvichauya.

Leon Moto pa twitter, Facebook uye pamusoro nzira.

Pane nzira mbiri dzine chekuita nenhaka: dzivisa kushanda nayo zvachose, kana kushinga kukurira matambudziko anoenderana. Isu c DevOpsConf Tiri kutora nzira yechipiri, kushandura maitiro uye nzira. Join us on YouTube, mailing list и telegraph, uye pamwe chete tichashandisa tsika yeDevOps.

Source: www.habr.com