Nguva yekupedzisira takataura nezve maficha eiyo NB-IoT chiyero kubva padanho rekuona redhiyo yekuwana network yekuvaka. Nhasi tichakurukura zvakachinja muCore Network pasi peNB-IoT. Saka, handei.
Pakave neshanduko dzakakosha kune musimboti wetiweki. Ngatitangei nenyaya yekuti chinhu chitsva chavepo, pamwe nehuwandu hwemaitiro, ayo anotsanangurwa neyakajairwa se "CIoT EPS Optimization" kana optimization yeiyo core network yecellular Internet yezvinhu.
Sezvaunoziva, munharembozha mune maviri makuru nzira dzekutaurirana, dzinodaidzwa kuti Kudzora Ndege (CP) uye Mushandisi Plane (UP). Kudzora Ndege inoitirwa kuchinjana kwesevhisi mameseji pakati peakasiyana etiweki zvinhu uye inoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekufamba (Mobility manejimendi) yemidziyo (UE) uye kumisikidza / kuchengetedza chikamu chekufambisa data (Session Management). Mushandisi Ndege, chokwadi, chiteshi chekufambisa traffic yevashandisi. Muchinyakare LTE, kugoverwa kweCP uye UP pamativi ese anotevera:
CP uye UP optimization masisitimu eNB-IoT anoiswa paMME, SGW uye PGW node, ayo akajairwa akasanganiswa kuita chinhu chimwe chinonzi C-SGN (Cellular IoT Serving Gateway Node). Iyo chiyero zvakare inotora kubuda kwechinhu chitsva chetiweki - SCEF (Service Capability Exposure Function). Iyo interface pakati peMME neSCEF inonzi T6a uye inoshandiswa zvichibva paDIAMETER protocol. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti DIAMETER iprotocol yekusaina, muNB-IoT inogadziridzwa kufambiswa kwezvishoma zvisiri zveIP data.
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rayo, SCEF iService Capability Exhibit Node. Mune mamwe mazwi, SCEF inovanza kuomarara kwetiweki yeanoshanda, uye zvakare inorerutsira vanogadzira maapplication kudiwa kwekuziva uye kutendesa nharembozha (UE), ichibvumira maseva ekushandisa (Application Server, apa AS) kugamuchira data uye kutonga zvishandiso kuburikidza neayo imwe chete. API interface.
Iyo UE identifier inova isiri nhamba yefoni (MSISDN) kana IP kero, sezvaiitika mune yekare 2G/3G/LTE network, asi iyo inonzi "yekunze ID", inotsanangurwa neyakajairwa muchimiro chakajairika. kune vanogadzira maapplication "@". Iyi inyaya yakakura yakaparadzana inokodzera zvinhu zvakasiyana, saka isu hatitaure nezvazvo zvakadzama izvozvi.
Iye zvino ngatitarisei pane zvakakosha zvitsva. "CIoT EPS Optimization" ndiko kukwidziridzwa kwenzira dzekufambisa dzemotokari uye manejimendi echikamu chevanyoreri. Heano makuru:
- DoNAS
- NIDD
- PSM uye eDRX magetsi ekuchengetedza maitiro
- HLCOM
DoNAS (Data pamusoro peNAS):
Iyi ndiyo nzira yakagadzirirwa kukwidziridza kuendeswa kwezvishoma data.
Muchinyakare LTE, kana uchinyoresa munetiweki, mudziyo wekunyorera unogadzira PDN yekubatanidza (inozonzi PDN) kuburikidza neNodeB kuenda kuMME-SGW-PGW. Iyo UE-eNodeB-MME yekubatanidza inonzi "Signaling Radio Bearer" (SRB). Kana zvichidikanwa kuendesa/kugashira data, iyo UE inogadza imwe hukama neNodeB - "Data Radio Bearer" (DRB), kuendesa traffic yevashandisi kuSGW uye mberi kuPGW (interfaces S1-U neS5, zvichiteerana) . Pakupera kwekutsinhana uye kana pasina traffic kwenguva yakati (kazhinji 5-20 masekondi), izvi zvinongedzo zvinogumiswa uye mudziyo unopinda mustandby mode kana "Idle Mode". Kana zvichidikanwa kuchinjanisa chikamu chitsva che data, SRB neDRB zvinoiswa patsva.
MuNB-IoT, kutapurirana kwemushandisi traffic kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza nechiteshi chechiratidzo (SRB), muNAS protocol meseji () Kumisa DRB hakuchadiwi. Izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mutoro wechiratidzo, inochengetedza network radio zviwanikwa uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, inowedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri remudziyo.
Muchikamu cheNodeB - MME, data yevashandisi inotanga kutumirwa pamusoro peS1-MME interface, izvo zvaive zvisiri izvo mune classical LTE tekinoroji, uye NAS protocol inoshandiswa pane izvi, umo "Mushandisi data mudziyo" inoonekwa.
Kuita kuchinjisa kwe "User Plane" kubva kuMME kuenda kuSGW, itsva S11-U inotaridzika inooneka, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuendesa huwandu hudiki hwe data yemushandisi. Iyo S11-U protocol yakavakirwa paGTP-U v1, iyo inoshandiswa kune Mushandisi Plane kutapurirana pane mamwe mambure etiweki eiyo 3GPP architecture.
NIDD (isina-IP data kuendesa):
Sechikamu chekuwedzera optimization yemaitiro ekufambisa mashoma data, kuwedzera kune yatovepo PDN mhando, senge IPv4, IPv6 uye IPv4v6, imwe mhando yakaonekwa - isiri-IP. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo UE haina kupihwa IP kero uye data inofambiswa pasina kushandisa IP protocol. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi:
- Zvishandiso zveIoT zvakaita semasensa zvinogona kuendesa huwandu hudiki hwe data, makumi maviri mabhayiti kana mashoma. Tichifunga kuti iyo shoma IP yemusoro saizi i20 bytes, IP encapsulation dzimwe nguva inogona kudhura zvakanyanya;
- Iko hakuna chikonzero chekushandisa IP stack pane chip, iyo inotungamira mukuderedzwa kwavo mumutengo (mubvunzo wekukurukurirana mumashoko).
Kakawanda, kero yeIP inodiwa kuti IoT zvishandiso zvitumire data paInternet. Mune iyo NB-IoT pfungwa, iyo SCEF inoita senge imwe AS yekubatanidza poindi, uye kuchinjanisa data pakati pemidziyo nemaseva ekushandisa kunoitika kuburikidza neAPI. Mukushaikwa kweSCEF, data isiri-IP inogona kuendeswa kuAS kuburikidza nePoint-to-Point (PtP) mugero kubva kuPGW uye IP encapsulation ichaitwa pairi.
Zvese izvi zvinokwana muNB-IoT paradigm - yakanyanya kurerutsa uye kudzikiswa kwemutengo wemidziyo.
PSM uye eDRX nzira dzekuchengetedza simba:
Imwe yemabhenefiti akakosha eLPWAN network kushanda nesimba. Chishandiso ichi chinonzi chinogara kusvika kumakore gumi ehupenyu hwebhatiri pabhatiri rimwe chete. Ngationei kuti hunhu hwakadai hunowanikwa sei.
Mudziyo unopedza simba shoma riini? Yakarurama kana yakadzimwa. Uye kana zvisingaite kudzima-simba mudziyo zvachose, ngatidzikisei simba redhiyo module kwenguva yakareba isingadikanwi. Iwe unongoda kurongedza izvi netiweki kutanga.
PSM (Simba rekuchengetedza maitiro):
Iyo PSM simba rekuchengetedza modhi inobvumira chishandiso kudzima redhiyo module kwenguva yakareba, ichiramba yakanyoreswa munetiweki, uye kwete kudzorera iyo PDN pese painoda kuendesa data.
Kuita kuti network izive kuti mudziyo uchiri kuwanikwa, nguva nenguva inotanga maitiro ekuvandudza - Yekutevera Nzvimbo Yekuvandudza (TAU). Iyo yakawanda yeiyi nzira inotaridzwa netiweki uchishandisa timer T3412, iyo kukosha kwayo inopfuudzwa kune mudziyo panguva yeAttach maitiro kana inotevera TAU. Muchinyakare LTE, iyo yakasarudzika kukosha kweiyi timer maminetsi makumi mashanu nemana, uye iyo yepamusoro ndeye 54 maminetsi. Nekudaro, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwesimba rakanyanya, kudiwa kwekuenda pamhepo maminetsi ega ega 186 kunodhura zvakanyanya. Iyo PSM mechanism yakagadziridzwa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri.
Chishandiso chinomisikidza iyo PSM modhi nekufambisa hunhu hweaviri nguva T3324 uye T3412-Yakawedzerwa mu "Attach Chikumbiro" kana "Tracking Area Chikumbiro" meseji. Yekutanga inosarudza nguva iyo mudziyo uchavepo mushure mekuchinja ku "Idle Mode". Yechipiri ndiyo nguva iyo TAU inofanira kuitwa, ikozvino kukosha kwayo kunogona kusvika 35712000 seconds kana mazuva 413. Zvichienderana nezvirongwa, iyo MME inogona kugamuchira iyo timer kukosha yakagamuchirwa kubva kuchishandiso kana kuishandura nekutumira hunyowani mu "Attach Gamuchira" kana "Tracking Area Update Gamuchira" meseji. Iye zvino mudziyo haugone kuvhura radio module kwemazuva 413 uye urambe wakanyoreswa munetiweki. Nekuda kweizvozvo, isu tinowana mari yakawanda yekuchengetedza munetiweki zviwanikwa uye kushanda nesimba kwemidziyo!
Nekudaro, mune iyi modhi chishandiso hachiwanikwe kune inouya yekutaurirana chete. Kana zvichidikanwa kuendesa chimwe chinhu chakananga kuseva yekushandisa, mudziyo unogona kubuda muPSM chero nguva uye wotumira data, mushure mezvo unoramba uchishanda panguva yeT3324 timer kugamuchira mameseji eruzivo kubva kuAS (kana iripo).
eDRX (yakawedzerwa discontinuous reception):
eDRX, Yakagadziridzwa Yepakati Kugamuchira. Kuendesa data kune mudziyo uri mu "Idle mode", network inoita maitiro ekuzivisa - "Paging". Pakugamuchira paging, mudziyo unotanga kugadzwa kweSRB yekuenderera mberi nekutaurirana netiweki. Asi kuti urege kupotsa iyo Paging meseji yakanangidzirwa kwairi, mudziyo unofanirwa kugara uchitarisa mhepo yeredhiyo, iyo iri zvakare inopedza simba.
eDRX imodhi iyo mudziyo haugamuchire mameseji kubva kunetiweki nguva nenguva, asi nguva nenguva. Munguva yeAttach kana TAU maitiro, mudziyo unobvumirana netiweki panguva yenguva iyo "inoteerera" kutepfenyura. Saizvozvo, iyo Paging maitiro achaitwa panguva imwecheteyo. Mune eDRX modhi, kushanda kwechishandiso kunokamurwa kuita matenderedzwa (eDRX kutenderera). Pakutanga kwekutenderera kwega kwega kune inonzi "paging hwindo" (Paging Time Window, pano PTW) - ino ndiyo nguva iyo mudziyo unoteerera chiteshi cheredhiyo. Pakupera kwePTW, mudziyo unodzima redhiyo module kusvika pakupera kwekutenderera.
HLCOM (yakanyanya latency kutaurirana):
Kana ichida kuendesa data kuUplink, chishandiso chinogona kubuda chero yeaya maviri ekuchengetedza magetsi modes pasina kumirira kuti PSM kana eDRX kutenderera kupedze. Asi zvinokwanisika kuendesa data kune mudziyo chete kana ichinge ichishanda.
Kushanda kweHLCOM kana kuti high latency communication ndiko kubafa kweDownlink mapaketi paSGW apo mudziyo uri mumagetsi ekuchengetedza uye haupo pakutaura. Mabuffered mapaketi anozounzwa pakarepo mudziyo uchinge wabuda PSM nekuita TAU kana kupfuura Uplink traffic, kana PTW pakaitika.
Izvi, hongu, zvinoda kuziva kune vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zveIoT, sezvo kutaurirana nemudziyo kusingawanikwe munguva chaiyo uye kunoda imwe nzira yekugadzira iyo bhizinesi logic yezvishandiso.
Mukupedzisa, ngatitii: kuiswa kwechimwe chinhu chitsva nguva dzose kunonakidza, asi ikozvino tiri kutarisana nechiyero chisina kuongororwa zvakakwana kunyange ne "bisons" yenyika, seVodafone neTelfonica - saka inofadza kaviri. Mharidzo yedu yezvinyorwa haiedze kunge yakakwana, asi isu tinovimba inopa kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwehunyanzvi. Tinokutendai nemhinduro yenyu.
Munyori: Nyanzvi yeDhipatimendi reConvergent Solutions uye Multimedia Services Alexey Lapshinβ¨
Source: www.habr.com