Nyaya yakakurumbira. Pakangoonekwa makomputa ane simba, panongoita mapurosesa uye huwandu hwekuchengetedza midhiya hunowedzera, uye mushandisi anogomera nekuzorora - "ikozvino ndine zvakakwana kune zvese, handifanirwe kusvina uye kuchengetedza," ipapo. zvinenge zvichidiwa zvitsva zvinooneka, zvichitora zviwanikwa zvakawanda. , software itsva iyo zvakare "haizvirambe chero chinhu." Dambudziko rekusingaperi. Kutenderera kusingagumi. Uye kusingaperi kutsvaga kwemhinduro itsva. Cloud kuchengetedza, neural network, hungwaru hwekugadzira - zvakaoma kana kufungidzira kuti isimba guru rinodiwa neaya matekinoroji. Asi ngatirege kugumbuka, nokuti kune chero dambudziko, nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare pane mhinduro.
Imwe yemhinduro idzi yaive NVM-express protocol, iyo, sekutaura kwenyanzvi, yakashandura kushandiswa kweiyo solid-state isiri-volatile memory. Chii chinonzi NVMe uye chii chaunounza nacho?
Iko kumhanya kwekombuta zvakanyanya kunoenderana nekumhanya kwekuverenga data kubva kune midhiya uye nekumhanyisa kwekugadzirisa mirairo. Hazvina mhosva kuti kushanda kwepamusoro-soro kwekushanda kwese, zvinhu zvose zvinogona kukanganiswa nekadhirairi yenguva dzose, iyo inokonzera mapurogiramu anononoka pakuzarura kana "kufunga" pakuita mabasa makuru. Tisingataure chokwadi chekuti HDD yakatopedza simba rayo rekuwedzera mavhoriyamu ekuchengetedza ruzivo uye nekudaro yave isingaite. Uye iyo mechanical drive yakanga yatove yechinyakare uye yakadzora kusimudzira kwehunyanzvi hwekombuta.
Uye ikozvino maHDD akatsiviwa nemaSDD - akasimba-nyika madhiraivha, asiri-anovhiringa asiri-mechini ekuchengetedza michina. Yekutanga SSD madhiraivha akaonekwa pamusika muhafu yechipiri ye2000s. Nenguva isipi vakatanga kukwikwidzana nemahard drive maererano nehuwandu. Asi kwenguva yakareba havana kukwanisa kunyatsoona zvavanogona uye zvakanakira mukumhanya uye kuwirirana kwekuwana maseru, nekuti iyo iripo interface uye maprotocol akavakwa maererano nemaitiro ekare akagadzirirwa kutsigira HDD madhiraivha kuburikidza neSATA uye kunyange ekare SCSI (SAS) interfaces. .
Nhanho inotevera mukuvhura mukana wekusagadzikana ndangariro yaive shanduko kuenda kuPCI-express mabhazi. Asi panguva iyoyo mipimo mitsva yeindasitiri yakanga isati yagadzirwa nokuda kwavo. Uye muna 2012, makomputa ekutanga akaburitswa akashandisa NVM-express protocol.
Iwe unofanirwa kukurumidza kutarisisa kune chokwadi chekuti NVMe haisi mudziyo kana yayo yekubatanidza interface. Iyi iprotocol, kana kunyanya, chirevo cheprotocol yekuchinjana data.
Naizvozvo, mutsara wekuti "NVMe drive" hauna kunyatso kurongeka, uye kuenzanisa senge "HDD - SSD - NVMe" kwakashata uye kutsausa kumushandisi ari kungojairana nemusoro wenyaya. Zvakarurama kuenzanisa HDD neSSD kune rumwe rutivi, SSD yakabatana kuburikidza neSATA interface (kuburikidza neAHCI protocol) uye SSD yakabatana nePCI-express bhazi uchishandisa NVM-express protocol, kune imwe. Kuenzanisa HDDs nemaSSD pamwe hakuchafadze kune chero munhu. Munhu wose anonzwisisa musiyano, uye munhu wose anonyatsoziva mabhenefiti ekupedzisira. Kungoona zvimwe (zvinoshamisa) zvakanakira. Kuenzaniswa nemadhiraivha akaomarara, solid-state dhiraivha idiki muhukuru uye uremu, yakanyarara, uye kusavapo kwese kwemechanicha madhiraivha kunoita kuti iwedzere kutsungirira kukuvadzwa (semuenzaniso, kana yadonha) uye inongowedzera hupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi.
Kufananidza kugona kweSSD nebhazi rekare uye protocol yekare uye SSD paPCIe bhazi ine NVMe protocol ndeyechokwadi inofarira zvakanyanya uye inobatsira kune wese munhu akajaira kuenderana nezvigadzirwa zvitsva, kune avo vari kuenda kunotenga komputa nyowani, uye kunyangwe kune avo, semuenzaniso, vachitsvaga yakanakisa yekutambira.
Iyo SATA interface, sezvatotaurwa, yakasikirwa madhiraivha akaomarara, musoro wayo unogona kuwana mumuviri sero rimwe chete panguva. Hazvishamisi kuti SATA zvishandiso zvine chiteshi chimwe chete. Kune maSSD, izvi zvinosuruvarisa hazvina kukwana, nekuti imwe yemabhenefiti avo kutsigira hova dzakafanana. Iyo SSD controller zvakare inodzora yekutanga chinzvimbo, inova imwe yakakosha mukana. Iyo PCI-express bhazi inopa akawanda-channel mashandiro, uye iyo NVMe protocol inoona iyi mukana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, data rakachengetwa paSSD rinotamiswa kuburikidza ne65 parallel control queues, imwe neimwe inogona kubata inodarika 536 mirairo panguva imwe chete. Enzanisa: SATA neSCSI inogona kushandisa mutsara mumwe chete, uchitsigira kusvika ku65 uye kusvika kumirairo ye536, zvichiteerana.
Pamusoro pezvo, nzvimbo dzekare dzinoda mapindiro maviri kuRAM kuti aite murairo wega wega, asi NVMe inokwanisa kuita izvi mune imwe chete.
Chakanakira chechitatu chakakosha kushanda nekukanganisa. Iyo NVMe protocol yakagadziridzwa kumapuratifomu emazuva ano achishandisa akawanda-core processors. Naizvozvo, zvinosanganisira parallel process of threads, pamwe neyakagadziridzwa nzira yekushanda nemitsara uye kukanganisa kubata, izvo zvinobvumira mazinga epamusoro ekuita. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana murairo une chepamusoro-soro uchionekwa, kuurayiwa kwawo kunotanga nekukurumidza.
Miedzo yakawanda inoitiswa nemasangano akasiyana siyana uye nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti kumhanya kweNVMe SSDs kuri paavhareji 5 nguva dzakakwirira pane kana uchibatanidza maSDD kuburikidza nekare.
Zvino ngatitaure nezve kana maSSD akaiswa paPCIe neNVMe protocol anowanikwa kune wese munhu. Uye hazvisi zvemutengo chete. Panyaya yemutengo, kutengeswa kwakadaro kuchiri kukwira zvakanyanya, kunyangwe mitengo yezvikamu zvekombuta ichizivikanwa kuti yakakwira chete pakutanga kwekutengesa uye inoderera nekukurumidza.
Tiri kutaura pamusoro pezvigadziriso zvinovaka, pamusoro peizvo mumutauro wenyanzvi zvinowanzodanwa "form factor". Mune mamwe mazwi, mumhando ipi iyo zvikamu izvi zvinogadzirwa nevagadziri. Parizvino pamusika pane matatu fomu zvinhu.
Yokutanga Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi "NVMe SSD". Iyo kadhi yekuwedzera uye yakabatana kune yakafanana slots sevhidhiyo kadhi. Izvi hazvina kukodzera laptop. Nekudaro, kana ari mazhinji emakomputa edesktop, sezvo akawanda uye akawanda awo akaunganidzwa pa compact mamaboards, uko kazhinji kune maviri kana kunyange imwe PCIe slots (iyo inowanzogarwa nevhidhiyo kadhi).
Chechipiri fomu factor - U2. Kunze, inofanana neyakajairwa hard drive, asi idiki zvakanyanya muhukuru. U2 inowanzo shandiswa pamaseva, saka mushandisi wepakati haagone kuitenga.
Chechitatu - M2. Iyi ndiyo inonyanya kushanduka fomu chinhu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumalaptops, uye nguva pfupi yadarika yakatoitwa pane mamwe mamabhodhi edesktop PC. Nekudaro, kana uchitenga M2 unofanirwa kungwarira, nekuti maSATA SSD achiri kugadzirwa mune iyi fomu chinhu.
Nekudaro, kutarisirwa kunodiwawo paunenge uchiongorora kugona kwekutenga chero akataurwa fomu zvinhu zvako. Kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kuongorora kana laptop yako kana PC mamaboard ine inodiwa slots. Uye kunyangwe kana variko, komputa yako ine simba rakakwana processor, nekuti isina simba processor haichakubvumidza iwe kuti uwane mabhenefiti eSSD. Kana iwe uine zvese izvi uye zvakare unowanzo shanda nehuwandu hwakawanda hwe data, hongu, iyo NVMe SSD ndiyo yaunoda.
Pamusoro pekodzero dzekutsvaga
-Izvi ndizvo chaizvo nezvesevhavhavha kubva kukambani yedu.
Isu tanga tichishandisa chete nekukurumidza sevha madhiraivha kubva kuIntel kwenguva yakareba; isu hatisi skimp pane Hardware, chete zvigadzirwa zvine mazita uye mamwe epamusoro data data muRussia neEU. Kurumidza uzvionere π
Source: www.habr.com