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Sei helium ichidiwa mumakomputa equantum?
Tisati taenderera mberi kune nyaya yekushayikwa kwehelium, ngatitaurei nezve nei quantum komputa inoda helium pakutanga.
Quantum michina inoshanda pane qubits. Iwo, kusiyana nemabhiti echinyakare, anogona kunge ari mumatunhu 0 uye 1 panguva imwe chete - mune superposition. Mune computing system, chiitiko che quantum parallelism chinoitika kana maoparesheni akaitwa panguva imwe chete ne zero uye imwe. Iyi ficha inobvumira qubit-yakavakirwa michina kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko nekukurumidza kupfuura ekare makomputa, senge kutevedzera mamorekuru uye kemikari maitiro.
Asi pane dambudziko: qubits zvinhu zvisina kusimba uye vanogona chete kuchengetedza superposition kune mashoma nanoseconds. Iyo inovhiringwa kunyangwe kudiki kuderera kwekushisa; izvo zvinodaidzwa . Kuti udzivise kuparadzwa kwequbit, quantum makomputa pakupisa kwakadzika - 10 mK (-273,14 Β° C). Kuti uwane tembiricha padyo neabsolute zero, makambani anoshandisa mvura helium, kana zvakanyanya, isotope. , iyo isingaomesi pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya kudaro.
Dambudziko nderei
Munguva pfupi iri kutevera, iyo IT indasitiri inogona kutarisana nekushomeka kwehelium-3 yekuvandudza macomputer equantum. PaPasi, chinhu ichi hachina kumbowanikwa muchimiro chayo chechisikigo - huwandu hwayo huri mumhepo yepasi (1,37 ppm maererano nehelium-4). Helium-3 chigadzirwa chakaora che tritium, kugadzirwa kwayo (yekupedzisira inorema mvura yenyukireya reactor yakavharwa muUSA). Mushure mezvo, tritium yakatanga kutorwa kubva kune zvikamu zvezvombo zvenyukireya zvakabviswa, asi Sekureva kweUS Congressional Research Service, chirongwa ichi hachina kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvine hungwaru. Russia neUS vane mamwe matura, asi .
Mamiriro ezvinhu anowedzerwa nenyaya yekuti chikamu chakakoshesesa chehelium-3 chinopedzerwa mukugadzirwa kwemaneutron scanner anoshandiswa pamuganhu wekutarisa kutsvaga zvinhu zvine radioactive. Iyo neutron scanner yanga iri chishandiso chinosungirwa kumahofisi ese eUS tsika kubva 2000. Nekuda kwezvizhinji zvezvikonzero izvi, kupihwa kwehelium-3 muUnited States kwatodzorwa nemasangano ehurumende anopa quotas kumasangano everuzhinji neakazvimirira, uye nyanzvi dzeIT dzinonetsekana kuti munguva pfupi hapachave nehelium-3 yakakwana kune wese munhu.
Zvakaipa sei?
Zvinotendwa kuti kushomeka kwehelium-3 kuchava nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakukura kwehuwandu. Blake Johnson, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri we quantum komputa inogadzira Rigetti Computing, mubvunzurudzo neMIT Tech Ongororo. iyo firiji yakaoma zvikuru kuwana. Matambudziko akawedzerwa nekudhura kwayo - inodhura zviuru makumi mana zvemadhora kuzadza imwe firiji unit.
Asi vamiriri kubva kuD-Wave, imwe yekutanga quantum, havabvumirani nemafungiro aBlake. By Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri wesangano, kugadzirwa kweimwe quantum komputa kunoda zvishoma chete helium-3, iyo inogona kunzi isingakoshi kana ichienzaniswa nehuwandu huripo hwehuwandu hwechinhu. Naizvozvo, kushomeka kwefiriji kuchave kusingaoneki kune iyo quantum indasitiri.
Uyezve, dzimwe nzira dzekubvisa helium-3 dzisingabatanidzi tritium dziri kugadzirwa nhasi. Imwe yacho ndeyekubviswa kwe isotope kubva kugasi rechisikigo. Kutanga, inopinda kudonhedzwa kwakadzika pakudzika kwakadzika, uye zvino inopinda nenzira dzekuparadzanisa nekugadzirisa (kuparadzaniswa kwegasi tsvina). Kare, nzira iyi yaionekwa sehupfumi isingagoneki, asi nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji mamiriro achinja. Gore rakapera nezvezvirongwa zvake zvekutanga kugadzira helium-3 .
Nyika dzinoverengeka dziri kuita hurongwa hwekuchera helium-3 paMwedzi. Musoro wayo wepamusoro une kusvika (Tafura 2) yechinhu ichi. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti pfuma ichagara kwemakore zviuru zvishanu. NASA yakatotanga kugadzira kuti recycle kune helium-3. Kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvinoenderana nepasi uye nemwedzi zviri kuitwa ΠΈ . Asi hazvizogone kuishandisa mukuita kusvika 2030.
Imwe nzira yekudzivirira kushomeka kwehelium-3 kutsvaga inoitsiva mukugadzirwa kwemaneutron scanner. Nenzira, iye muna 2018 - yakava makristasi e zinc sulfide uye lithium-6 fluoride. Ivo vanoita kuti zvikwanise kunyoresa radioactive zvinhu zvine hunyoro hunodarika 90%.
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Mamwe matambudziko e "quantum".
Kunze kwekushomeka kwehelium, kune mamwe matambudziko ari kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemakomputa equantum. Yekutanga ndeyekushaikwa kwemidziyo yehardware. Pachine mashoma emabhizinesi makuru pasirese ari kuvandudza "kuzadza" kwemichina ye quantum. Dzimwe nguva makambani anofanirwa kumirira kusvika iyo yekutonhora system yagadzirwa, .
Nyika dzinoverengeka dziri kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri kuburikidza nehurongwa hwehurumende. Matanho akadaro akatotangwa muUS neEurope. Semuenzaniso, nguva pfupi yapfuura muNetherlands, nerutsigiro rweBazi reEconomics, Delft Circuits yakatanga kushanda. Inogadzira zvikamu zve quantum computing systems.
Chimwe chinonetsa kushaikwa kwenyanzvi. Kudiwa kwavo kuri kukura, asi kuvawana hakusi nyore. By NYT, hapana anopfuura chiuru ane ruzivo "quantum mainjiniya" munyika. Mayunivhesiti anotungamira ehunyanzvi ari kugadzirisa dambudziko. Somuenzaniso, paMIT kare mapurogiramu ekutanga ekudzidzisa nyanzvi mukushanda nemachina e quantum. Kuvandudzwa kwezvirongwa zvedzidzo zvakakodzera uye muAmerican National Quantum Initiative.
Kazhinji, nyanzvi dzeIT dzinogutsikana kuti matambudziko anotarisana nevagadziri vekombuta yequantum anogona kupedzwa zvachose. Uye mune ramangwana tinogona kutarisira hutsva hwetekinoroji munzvimbo ino.
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Source: www.habr.com