Iwe haufanirwe kuve mugadziri we chip kuronga maFPGAs, senge iwe usingade kuve C++ programmer kunyora kodhi muJava. Zvisinei, mune zvose zviri zviviri zvingangove zvinobatsira.
Chinangwa chekushambadzira ese ari maviri eJava neFPGA matekinoroji kuramba chirevo chekupedzisira. Nhau dzakanaka dzeFPGAs - kushandisa abstraction layers uye midziyo yekushandisa, mumakore makumi matatu apfuura kubva pakugadzirwa kwechirongwa chinogoneka chepfungwa, kugadzira maalgorithms uye data inoyerera yeFPGAs pachinzvimbo cheCPUs, DSPs, GPUs kana chero imwe nzira yetsika ASICs yave. zviri kuwedzera kuwanda.
Iyo inoshamisa kurongeka kwenguva yekusikwa kwavo inoonekwa muchokwadi chekuti apo maCPU akange asisakwanise kuramba ari ega komputa module yenzvimbo dzedata kuita mabasa mazhinji - nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana - FPGAs dzakawana kushanda kwayo, ichipa kumhanya, yakaderera latency, networking kugona. uye ndangariro - heterogeneous computing kugona kweazvino FPGA SoCs, ingangoita yakazara-yakazara macomputer masisitimu. Nekudaro, maFPGAs akasanganiswawo zvakabudirira nemimwe michina mumahybrid masisitimu, uye, semaonero edu, ivo vari kutanga kuwana nzvimbo yavo yakakodzera muhutongi hwemakomputa.
Ndosaka takaronga Iyo Inotevera FPGA Platform musangano muSan Jose muna Ndira 22nd. Sezvingatarisirwa, mumwe wevakuru veFPGA vatengesi munyika uye piyona munzvimbo ino ndiXilinx. Ivo Bolsens, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri mukuru uye mukuru wetekinoroji kuXilinx, akataura pamusangano uye akatipa pfungwa dzake nhasi pamusoro pekuti Xilinx iri kubatsira sei kugadzira inoshanduka yemakomputa masisitimu enzvimbo dzedata.
Zvakatora system architects uye programmers nguva yakawanda kuti vauye ne heterogeneous data center, iyo ichange iine marudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi emakombiyuta anogadzirisa matambudziko mukombuta, kuchengetedza uye networking. Izvi zvinoita sezviri madikanwa nekuda kwekuti zviri kuramba zvichinetsa kutevera Mutemo waMoore uchishandisa michina yakasiyana yeCMOS. Parizvino, mutauro wedu uchiri CPU-centric, uye tichiri kutaura nezve "application acceleration," zvichireva kuita kuti zvirongwa zvifambe zvirinani pane zvinogona kuitwa paCPU chete. Nekufamba kwenguva, nzvimbo dzedata dzinozova muunganidzwa wesimba remakomputa, chengetedzo yedata, uye mapuroteni anosunga zvese pamwechete, uye isu tichadzokera kumatemu senge "computing" uye "maapplication." Hybrid computing ichave yakajairika semazuva ano masevhisi emakore ari kushanda padesktop kana chaiwo muchina, uye pane imwe nguva isu tichangoshandisa izwi rekuti "computing" kutsanangura mashandiro avanoita. Pane imwe nguva - uye zvingangoita kuti maFPGA achabatsira kuunza nguva ino - tichaidaidza kuti data processing zvakare.
Kutora maFPGA munzvimbo dzedata kunoda shanduko yemafungiro. "Paunenge uchifunga nezve nzira dzekumhanyisa manyorerwo anhasi, unofanirwa kudzika kune izvo zvekutanga zvemafambisirwo avanoita, zviwanikwa zvipi zvinoshandiswa, nguva inopedzerwa," Bolsen anotsanangura. -Unofanirwa kudzidza iro dambudziko rauri kuyedza kugadzirisa. Mazhinji maapplication ari kushanda munzvimbo dzedata nhasi anoyera kushandisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda. Tora kudzidza kwemichina, semuenzaniso, iyo inoshandisa nhamba huru yemakomputa node. Asi kana tichitaura nezve kukurumidza, hatifanirwe kungofunga nezvekumhanyisa komputa chete, asiwo nezvekumhanyisa zvivakwa. β
Semuyenzaniso, murudzi rwemashini ekudzidza mashandiro ayo Bolsens akadzidza mukuita, ingangoita 50% yenguva inopedzerwa kuendesa data nekudzoka pakati peakaparadzirwa simba rekombuta, uye hafu yasara chete yenguva inopedzerwa pakuverenga pachayo.
"Apa ndipo pandinofunga kuti FPGA inogona kubatsira, nekuti isu tinogona kuona kuti zvese computational uye kutaurirana maficha echishandiso akagadziridzwa. Uye isu tinogona kuita izvi pamwero wese wezvivakwa, uye padanho rechip. Iyi ndiyo imwe yemabhenefiti makuru eFPGAs, anokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire kutaurirana network kune chaiyo application zvinodiwa. Zvichienderana nemaitiro akajairwa ekufamba kwedata muAI basa rakawanda, ini handisi kuona kukosha kweiyo yakaoma switch-based architecture. Iwe unogona kuvaka network ine yakakura data flow. Izvo zvinoshandawo kune neural network yekudzidzisa mabasa - iwe unogona kuvaka mesh network ine saizi yepakiti inochinjika kune rakananga basa. Uchishandisa FPGA, mapuroteni ekufambisa data uye matunhu epamusoro anogona kunyatsoyerwa uye akagadzirirwa kune chaiyo application. Uye kana iri nyaya yekudzidza kwemichina, zviri pachena zvakare kuti hatidi nhamba dzemapoinzi anoyangarara zvakapetwa kaviri, uye tinogona kuzvigadzirisa futi. β
Musiyano uripo pakati peFPGA neCPU kana tsika ASIC ndeyekuti iyo yekupedzisira inorongwa kufekitori, uye mushure meizvozvo hauchakwanisa kushandura pfungwa dzako nezvemhando dzedata dziri kuverengerwa kana zvinhu zviri kuverengerwa, kana nezve chimiro che data. yerera nemumudziyo. FPGAs dzinokutendera kuti uchinje pfungwa dzako kana mamiriro ekushanda achinja.
Kare, mukana uyu wakauya nemubhadharo, apo chirongwa cheFPGA chaive chisiri chevane moyo wakaneta. Chinodiwa kuvhura maFPGA ma compilers kuti abatanidze zvirinani nematurusi programmers anoshandisa kunyora CPU-parallel application muC, C++, kana Python, uye kuendesa rimwe rebasa kumaraibhurari anomhanyisa maitiro paFPGAs. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitwa neVitis muchina wekudzidza stack, ichisimbisa ML mapuratifomu seCaffe neTensorFlow, ane maraibhurari ekushandisa akajairwa maAI modhi kana kuwedzera FPGA kugona kumabasa akaita sevhidhiyo transcoding, kucherechedzwa kwechinhu chevhidhiyo, uye kuongororwa kwedata. , manejimendi enjodzi yemari uye chero chetatu. -party library.
Pfungwa iyi haina kunyanya kusiyana nepurojekiti yaNvidia's CUDA, yakatangwa makore gumi apfuura, iyo inoburitsa computing yakafanana kuenda kuGPU accelerators, kana kubva kuAMD's ROCm toolkit, kana kubva kuvimbiso yeIntel's OneAPI purojekiti, iyo inofanirwa kumhanya pamaCPU akasiyana, maGPU uye FPGA.
Mubvunzo chete ndewekuti maturusi ese aya achabatana sei kuitira kuti chero munhu agone kuronga seti yemasimba ekombuta pakufunga kwavo. Izvi zvakakosha nekuti maFPGA ave akaomarara, zvakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura chero anowanikwa maCPU. Iwo anogadzirwa achishandisa epamberi ekugadzira maitiro uye echizvino-zvino chip kurongedza matekinoroji. Uye ivo vachawana niche yavo, sezvo isu tisisakwanise kutambisa nguva, mari, simba uye njere - zvese izvi zvinodhura zviwanikwa.
"FPGAs inopa zvakanakira tekinoroji," Bolsen anodaro. -Uye uku hakusi kungoshambadza kwakajairika nezve kuchinjika uye kugadzirisa zvakare. Mune ese akakosha maapplication - muchina kudzidza, kuongorora magirafu, kutengesa-kumhanya-mhanya, nezvimwe. - ivo vane kugona kuchinjika kune chaiyo basa kwete chete nzira yekugovera data, asiwo yekurangarira dhizaini - kuti data inofamba sei mukati meiyo chip. FPGAs zvakare ine yakawanda ndangariro yakavakirwa mavari kupfuura mamwe maturusi. Izvo zvinofanirwawo kuverengerwa kuti kana basa risingakwane muFPGA imwe chete, unogona kukwira nekupfuura akawanda machipisi usingasangane nezvakashata zvakakumirira iwe paunenge uchiyera mabasa mumaCPU akawanda kana maGPU. "
Source: www.habr.com