Netplan uye nzira yekuigadzirira nemazvo

Ubuntu sisitimu inoshanda inoshamisa, handina kushanda nayo kwenguva yakareba Ubuntu server, uye kugadzirisa Desktop yangu kubva pashanduro yakagadzikana hazvina musoro. Saka, nguva pfupi yapfuura, ndaifanira kusangana neshanduro itsva. Ubuntu Pa server 18.04, ndakashamisika zvikuru pandakaona kuti ndakanga ndasara nenguva uye ndaisakwanisa kugadzirisa network yangu nekuti system yekare yekugadzirisa network interfaces nekugadzirisa faira re /etc/network/interfaces yakanga yanyangarika. Chii chakaitsiva? Chimwe chinhu chinotyisa uye, pakutanga, chisinganzwisisiki zvachose - sangana ne "Netplan."

Kutaura chokwadi, pakutanga ndaisanzwisisa kuti chibvumirano chacho chaiva chei uye "sei chaive chakakosha, pamusoro pezvose, zvese zvaive nyore," asi mushure mekudzidzira zvishoma ndakaona kuti chaive nechido chayo. Saka, zvakwana nehurukuro yemashoko, ngatirambei tichifunga nezveNetplan. Ichi chishandiso chitsva chekugadzirisa network mu Ubuntu, zvirinani "Handisati ndamboona chinhu chakadai mune mamwe magoverwo." Musiyano mukuru neNetplan ndewekuti magadzirirwo acho akanyorwa mumutauro. YAML, hongu, wakanzwa zvakanaka YAML, vanogadzira vakasarudza kufambirana nenguva (uye zvisinei nekuti vanoirumbidza zvakadini, ndichiri kufunga kuti mutauro unotyisa). Chakanyanya kusaipa chemutauro uyu ndechekuti unotarisisa nzvimbo, ngatitarisei config tichishandisa muenzaniso.

Mafaira ekugadzirisa anowanikwa munzira /etc/netplan/filename.yaml, pakati pechivharo chimwe nechimwe panofanira kuva ne + 2 nzvimbo.

1) Musoro wakajairwa unotaridzika seizvi:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no

Ngatitarisei zvataita izvozvi:

• network: - uku ndiko kutanga kweiyo gadziriso block.
• renderer: networkd - pano tinoratidza maneja wetiweki watichashandisa, iyi ingave inetiweki kana NetworkManager
• vhezheni: 2 - pano, sekunzwisisa kwandinoita, ndiyo YAML vhezheni.
• ethernets: - iyi block inoratidza kuti isu tichagadzirisa iyo ethernet protocol.
• enps0f0: - ratidza kuti ndeipi adapta yetiweki yatichagadzirisa.
• dhcp4: kwete - dzima DHCP v4, ye6 v6 dhcp6 zvichiteerana

2) Ngatiedzei kugovera IP kero:

    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4:no
      macaddress: bb:11:13:ab:ff:32
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24, 10.10.10.3/24]
      gateway4: 10.10.10.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: 8.8.8.8

Pano tinoisa poppy, ipv4, gedhi uye dns server. Ziva kuti kana tichida anopfuura imwe kero yeIP, tobva tazvinyora zvakapatsanurwa nemakoma nenzvimbo inosungirwa mushure.

3) Ko kana tichida bonding?

  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1

• zvisungo: - block inotsanangura kuti isu tichagadzira bonding.
• bond0: - inopokana interface zita.
• interfaces: - seti yenzvimbo dzakaunganidzwa mune bond-ding, "sezvambotaurwa, kana paine akati wandei ma paramita, tinoatsanangura mumabhuraketi akaenzana."
• parameters: - tsanangura iyo parameter marongero block
• modhi: - tsanangura maitiro ayo bonding ichashanda.
• mii-monitor-interval: - isa nguva yekutarisa kune 1 sekondi.

Mukati mevhavha yakanzi bhondi, unogona zvakare kugadzirisa maparamendi akadai sekero, gedhi4, nzira, nezvimwe.

Isu tawedzera redundancy kune network yedu, ikozvino chasara kuisa vlan uye setup inogona kunzi yakakwana.

vlans: 
    vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      gateway: 10.10.10.1
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true

• vlans: - zivisa iyo vlan gadziriso block.
• vlan10: -kupokana zita reiyo vlan interface.
• id: - tag yevlan yedu.
• link: - interface iyo iyo vlan ichave inowanikwa.
• nzira: - zivisa nzira yekutsanangura block.
• — ku: - seta kero/subnet kunodiwa nzira.
• kuburikidza ne: - tsanangura gedhi iro subnet yedu ichasvika.
• pa-link: - tinoratidza kuti nzira dzinofanira kugara dzakanyoreswa kana chinongedzo chasimudzwa.

Ngwarira kuti ndinoisa sei nzvimbo; izvi zvakakosha muYAML.

Saka isu takatsanangura iyo network interfaces, yakagadzira bonding, uye yakawedzera vlans. Ngatiisei config yedu, iyo netplan apply command ichatarisa config yedu yezvikanganiso uye toishandisa kana yabudirira.Tevere, iyo config ichasimudzwa pachayo kana system yatangazve.

Mushure mekuunganidza ese apfuura mabhuraki ekodhi, izvi ndizvo zvatakawana:

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0f0:
      dhcp4: no
    ensp3s0f1:
      dhcp4: no
  bonds:
    bond0:
      dhcp4: no
      interfaces: [enp3s0f0, enp3s0f1]
      parameters: 
        mode: 802.3ad
        mii-monitor-interval: 1
  vlan10:
      id: 10
      link: bond0
      dhcp4: no
      addresses: [10.10.10.2/24]
      routes:
        - to: 10.10.10.2/24
          via: 10.10.10.1
          on-link: true
  vlan20:
    id: 20
    link: bond0
    dhcp4: no
    addresses: [10.10.11.2/24]
    gateway: 10.10.11.1
    nameserver:
      addresses: [8.8.8.8]
    

Iye zvino mambure edu akagadzirira kushanda, zvinhu zvose zvakazove zvisina kutyisa sezvazvaiita pakutanga uye kodhi yakave yakanaka kwazvo uye inoverengwa. PC ndatenda netplan pane bhuku rakanaka pane iyi link https://netplan.io/.

Source: www.habr.com