0. Nhanganyaya, kana zvishoma offtopicIchi chinyorwa chakazvarwa chete nekuti zvakanyanya kuoma kuwana kuenzanisa maitiro esoftware yakadaro, kana kungoita runyorwa, munzvimbo imwechete. Isu tinofanirwa kufoshora boka rezvinhu kuti tisvike kune imwe mhando yekugumisa.
Panyaya iyi, ndakasarudza kuchengetedza nguva shoma uye kushanda nesimba kune avo vanofarira munyaya iyi, uye vakaunganidza munzvimbo imwe chete iyo yakawanda inogoneka, yakaverengwa inyanzvi neni, nhamba yezvirongwa zvetiweki mapping'a panzvimbo imwe.
Mamwe masystem anotsanangurwa muchinyorwa chino akaedzwa neni pachangu. Zvingangodaro, izvi zvakanga zvisina basa panguva iyo shanduro. Ini ndinoona zvimwe zvezvinotevera kekutanga, uye ruzivo pamusoro pazvo rwakaunganidzwa chete sechikamu chekugadzirira kwechinyorwa ichi.
Nekuda kwekuti ndakabata masisitimu kwenguva yakareba, uye ndisina kubata mamwe acho zvachose, ini ndakanga ndisina skrini kana mimwe mienzaniso. Saka ndakazorodza ruzivo rwangu muGoogle, wiki, pa youtube, mawebhusaiti ekuvandudza, ndakachera zvidzitiro ipapo, uye semhedzisiro ndakawana muchidimbu.
1. Dzidziso
1.1. Yechii?
Kupindura mubvunzo "Sei?" Kutanga iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi "Network Map". Mepu yetiweki - (kazhinji) inonzwisisika-graphical-schematic inomiririra yekudyidzana kwetiweki zvishandiso uye kubatana kwavo, iyo inotsanangura akanyanya kukosha ma paramita uye zvivakwa. Mazuva ano, inowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete nekutarisa mamiriro emidziyo uye yambiro system. Saka: zvino, kuitira kuti uve nemafungiro pamusoro penzvimbo yetiweki nodes, kushamwaridzana kwavo uye kuwirirana pakati pavo. Mukubatana nekutarisa, tinowana chishandiso chekushanda chekuongorora maitiro uye kufanotaura maitiro etiweki.
1.2. L1, L2, L3
Iwo zvakare Layer 1, Layer 2 uye Layer 3 zvinoenderana neiyo OSI modhi. L1 - nhanho yemuviri (waya uye switching), L2 - yemuviri kero nhanho (mac-kero), L3 - inonzwisisika kero nhanho (IP-kero).
Muchokwadi, hapana chikonzero mukuvaka mepu yeL1, inoteedzera zvine musoro kubva kune imwechete L2, kunze kwekunge, pamwe, yevashanduri venhau. Uye ipapo, ikozvino kune midhiya inoshandura iyo inogona zvakare kuteverwa.
Zvine musoro - L2 inovaka mepu yetiweki yakavakirwa pane mac-kero dzenodhi, L3 - pane IP kero dzenodhi.
1.3. Ndeipi data yekuratidza
Zvinoenderana nemabasa anogadziriswa uye zvishuwo. Semuenzaniso, ini pachangu ndinoda kunzwisisa kana chidimbu chesimbi pachayo "chipenyu", pachiteshi chipi icho "chakarembera" uye mumamiriro api chiteshi chiri kumusoro kana pasi. Inogona kunge iri L2. Uye kazhinji, L2 inoratidzika kwandiri ndiyo inonyanya kushanda netiweki mepu topology mupfungwa inoshandiswa. Asi, kuravira uye ruvara ...
Iyo yekumhanyisa yekubatanidza pachiteshi haina kushata, asi kwete yakakosha kana paine mudziyo wekupedzisira ipapo - PC printer. Zvingave zvakanaka kukwanisa kuona chiyero che processor mutoro, huwandu hwemahara RAM uye tembiricha pachidimbu chesimbi. Asi izvi hazvisi nyore zvakare, pano iwe uchafanirwa kugadzirisa yekutarisa system inogona kuverenga SNMP uye kuratidza uye kuongorora iyo yakagamuchirwa data. Zvimwe pane izvi gare gare.
Nezve L3, ndakawana iyi .
1.4. Sei?
Inogona kuitwa nemaoko, inogona kuitwa yega. Kana neruoko, saka kwenguva yakareba uye iwe unofanirwa kufunga nezve chinhu chemunhu. Kana otomatiki, saka unofanirwa kufunga kuti ese maturusi etiweki anofanirwa kuve "akangwara", anokwanisa kushandisa SNMP, uye iyi SNMP inofanirwa kugadziridzwa nenzira kwayo kuitira kuti iyo system inounganidza data kubva kwavari iverenge iyi data.
Zvinoita sezvisina kuoma. Asi pane matambudziko. Kutanga nenyaya yekuti haisi hurongwa hwese huchakwanisa kuverenga data rese ratinoda kuona kubva pachigadzirwa, kana kuti kwete ese maturusi etiweki anogona kupa iyi data, uye achipedzisa nenyaya yekuti haisi yese system inogona kuvaka network mepu mukati. otomatiki modhi.
Maitiro ekugadzira mepu otomatiki angangoita anotevera:
- sisitimu inoverenga data kubva kunetiweki michina
- zvichibva pane data, inoumba tafura yekero inoenderana pamadoko kune imwe neimwe chiteshi che router
- inofananidzwa nemakero nemazita emudziyo
- inovaka port-portdevice yekubatanidza
- inokwevera izvi zvese muchimiro chemufananidzo, "intuitive" yemushandisi
2. Dzidzira
Saka, ngatitaure izvozvi nezve zvaungashandise kugadzira network mepu. Ngatitorei senzvimbo yekutanga yatinoda, hongu, kuita otomatiki iyi maitiro zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Zvakanaka, ndiko kuti, Paint uye MS Visio haisisiri ... kunyange ... Kwete, ivo.
Pane yakasarudzika software inogadzirisa dambudziko rekuvaka network mepu. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvesoftware zvinongopa nharaunda "yemaoko" kuwedzera mapikicha ane zvivakwa, kudhirowa zvinongedzo, uye kutangisa "kutarisa" mune yakanyanya kuderedzwa fomu (ingave iyo node iri mhenyu kana isingachapindure zvakare). Vamwe havagone chete kudhirowa dhayagiramu yetiweki vari voga, asi zvakare kuverenga boka rema paramita kubva kuSNMP, zivisa mushandisi kuburikidza neSMS kana pakaputsika, ipa ruzhinji rweruzivo pamachiteshi etiweki hardware, uye zvese izvi zvinongova. chikamu chekushanda kwavo (iyo NetXMS yakafanana).
2.1. Zvigadzirwa
Rondedzero yacho iri kure nekukwana, nekuti kune akawanda software akadaro. Asi izvi ndizvo zvese zvinopihwa neGoogle pamusoro wenyaya (kusanganisira masaiti emutauro weChirungu):
Open source mapurojekiti:
LanTopoLog
Nagios
Ndiri kufunga
NeDi
Pandora FMS
PRTG
NetXMS
Zabbix
Mapurojekiti akabhadharwa:
LanState
Total Network Monitor
Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
UVexplorer
Auvik
AdRem NetCrunch
2.2.1. Free software
2.2.1.1. LanTopoLog
Software yakagadzirwa naYuri Volokitin. Iyo interface iri nyore sezvazvingaite. Softina inotsigira, ngatiti, semi-otomatiki network kuvaka. Anoda "kudyisa" zvigadziriso zvevose ma routers (IP, SNMP zviyeuchidzo), ipapo zvose zvichaitika pachazvo, kureva, kuwirirana pakati pezvigadziri zvichavakwa zvichiratidza zviteshi.
Kune akabhadharwa uye emahara mavhezheni echigadzirwa.
2.2.1.2. Nagios
Open Source software yanga iripo kubvira 1999. Iyo sisitimu yakagadzirirwa kutarisisa network, ndiko kuti, inogona kuverenga data kuburikidza neSNMP uye otomatiki kuvaka mepu yetiweki, asi sezvo iri risiri iro basa rayo guru, inoita izvi nenzira ... inoshamisa ... NagVis inoshandiswa. kugadzira mepu.
2.2.1.3. Icinga
Icinga ndeye Open Source system yakambobuda kubva kuNagios. Iyo sisitimu inobvumidza iwe kuti ugadzire otomatiki mamepu etiweki. Dambudziko chete nderekuti inovaka mepu ichishandisa NagVis addon, iyo yakagadziridzwa pasi peNagios, saka isu tichafunga kuti masisitimu maviri aya akafanana pakuvaka mepu yetiweki.
2.2.1.4. NeDi
Kukwanisa kuona otomatiki node munetiweki, uye zvichibva pane iyi data, gadzira mepu yetiweki. Iyo interface iri nyore, kune mamiriro ekutarisa kuburikidza neSNMP.
Kune mahara uye akabhadharwa mavhezheni echigadzirwa.
2.2.1.5. Pandora FMS
Inokwanisa mu auto-kuwanikwa, auto-kuvaka network, SNMP. Yakanaka interface.
Kune mahara uye akabhadharwa mavhezheni echigadzirwa.
2.2.1.6. PRTG
Iyo software haizive kugadzira otomatiki mepu yetiweki, kungodhonza nemaoko uye kudonhedza mifananidzo. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, inogona kutarisa mamiriro emidziyo kuburikidza neSNMP. Iyo interface inosiya zvakanyanya kudiwa, mune yangu subjective maonero.
Mazuva makumi matatu - kushanda kwakazara, ipapo - "yemahara version".
2.2.1.7. NetXMS
NetMXS inonyanya kuve Open Source yekutarisa system, kuvaka network mepu ibasa repadivi. Asi rinoshandiswa nemazvo. Kuvaka otomatiki kwakavakirwa pakutsvaga-otomatiki, yekutarisa node kuburikidza neSNMP, inokwanisa kuteedzera mamiriro e router ports uye humwe huwandu.
2.2.1.8. Zabbix
Zabbix zvakare iri Open Source yekutarisa sisitimu, inoshanduka uye ine simba kupfuura NetXMS, asi inogona chete kuvaka mamepu etiweki mune yemanyorero modhi, asi inogona kutarisa chero chero router paramita, kuunganidzwa kwayo kunogona kungogadziriswa.
2.2.2. Yakabhadharwa software
2.2.2..1 Lan State
Yakabhadharwa software iyo inokutendera kuti utarise otomatiki iyo network topology uye kuvaka mepu yetiweki zvichienderana nemidziyo yakaonekwa. Inokutendera kuti utarise mamiriro ezvishandiso zvakaonekwa chete nekukwira kumusoro kwenode pachayo.
2.2.2.2. Total Network Monitor
Yakabhadharwa software isingaite otomatiki kugadzira mepu yetiweki. Haatomboziva nzira yekuona otomatiki node. Muchokwadi, iyi ndiyo yakafanana Visio, yakatarisana chete netiweki topology. Inokutendera kuti utarise mamiriro ezvishandiso zvakaonekwa chete nekukwira kumusoro kwenode pachayo.
Crap! Ndakanyora pamusoro apa kuti tiri kuramba Paint neVisio ... Zvakanaka, ngazvive.
Handina kuwana bhuku revhidhiyo, uye ini handiridi ... Chirongwa chacho chakadaro.
2.2.2.3. Solarwinds Network Topology Mapper
Yakabhadharwa software, pane nguva yekuedzwa. Inogona kuongorora otomatiki network uye kugadzira mepu pachayo zvichienderana nematanho akataurwa. Iyo interface iri nyore uye inonakidza.
2.2.2.4. UVexplorer
Yakabhadharwa software, 15-zuva kuyedzwa. Inogona kuona otomatiki uye kudhirowa mepu, kutarisa zvishandiso chete nepamusoro / pasi mamiriro, ndiko kuti, kuburikidza nemudziyo ping.
2.2.2.5. Auvik
Yakanaka yakanaka yakabhadharwa chirongwa chinogona kuona otomatiki uye kutarisa network zvishandiso.
2.2.2.6. AdRem NetCrunch
Yakabhadharwa software ine muyedzo wemazuva gumi nemana. Kukwanisa kuona otomatiki uye kuvaka otomatiki network. Iyo interface haina kukonzera kufarira. Inogona zvakare kutarisa muSNMP.
3. Kuenzanisa ndiro
Sezvazvakazoitika, zvakanyanya kuoma kuunza akakodzera uye akakosha ma paramita ekufananidza masisitimu uye panguva imwechete anoaisa mundiro imwe diki. Izvi ndizvo zvandakawana:
* Iyo "Mushandisi Hushamwari" kurongeka kwakanyanya kuzviisa pasi uye ndinonzwisisa izvozvo. Asi ndeipi imwe nzira yekutsanangura iyo "clumsiness uye kusaverengeka" ini handina kuuya nazvo.
** "Kutarisisa kwete network chete" kunoreva kushanda kweiyo system se "monitoring system" nenzira yakajairwa yezwi iri, ndiko kuti, kugona kuverenga metrics kubva kuOS, virtualization mauto, kugamuchira data kubva kune zvikumbiro muenzi. OS, nezvimwewo.
4. Maonero emunhu
Kubva pane zvakaitika kwandiri, ini handisi kuona chinangwa chekushandisa software zvakasiyana pakutarisisa network. Ini ndinonyanya kufadzwa nepfungwa yekushandisa yekutarisa sisitimu kune zvese uye wese munhu ane kugona kuvaka network mepu. Zabbix ine nguva yakaoma neizvi. Nagios naIcinga futi. Uye chete NetXSM inofarira mune izvi. Kunyangwe, kana iwe ukavhiringidzika uye kugadzira mepu muZabbix, zvino inotaridzika zvakanyanya kuvimbisa kupfuura NetXMS. Kunewo Pandora FMS, PRTG, Solarwinds NTM, AdRem NetCrunch, uye zvichida boka rezvimwe zvinhu zvisingabatanidzwi munyaya ino, asi ndakangovaona mumifananidzo nemavhidhiyo, saka handigoni kutaura chero chinhu pamusoro pavo.
Nezve NetXMS yakanyorwa ine diki diki diki diki yemaitiro ehurongwa uye diki sei.
PS:
Kana ndakakanganisa pane imwe nzvimbo, uye ini ndingangoita chikanganiso, ndapota, ndigadzirise mune zvakataurwa, ini ndichagadzirisa chinyorwa kuitira kuti avo vanowana ruzivo urwu runobatsira havafanirwe kupeta kaviri-kutarisa zvese kubva pane yavo ruzivo.
Π‘ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎ.
Source: www.habr.com