Ini ndinounganidza ese akakosha magwaro enguva dzese uye vanhu vanopesvedzera maonero enyika uye kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wenyika () Uye ipapo ndakafunga uye kufunga uye kuisa mberi fungidziro yekushinga kuti chinyorwa ichi chakanyanya kushandura uye chakakosha mukunzwisisa kwedu chimiro chenyika kupfuura shanduko yeCopernican nemabasa eKant. MuRuNet, chinyorwa ichi (shanduro yakazara) yakanga iri mumamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa, ndakaichenesa zvishoma uye, nemvumo yemuturikiri, ndiri kuibudisa kuti ikurukurwe.
"Uri kurarama mukuenzanisa kwekombuta?"
naNick Bostrom [Rakabudiswa muPhilosophical Quarterly (2003) Vol. 53, Kwete. 211, map. 243-255. (Chinyorwa chekutanga: 2001)]
Ichi chinyorwa chinotaura kuti chimwe chezvirevo zvitatu zvinotevera ndezvechokwadi:
- (1) zvinokwanisika kuti vanhu ichapera vasati vasvika pachikamu che "post-human";
- (2) budiriro yese yepashure pemunhu nekunyanyisa mukana wakaderera ichamhanyisa nhamba yakakosha yekufananidza yenhoroondo yayo yekushanduka (kana misiyano yayo) uye
- (3) isu tine chokwadi kurarama mukutevedzera komputa.
Izvi zvinotevera kubva pane izvi kuti mukana wekuve muchikamu chemashure ebudiriro yemunhu, iyo inozokwanisa kumhanyisa kuenzanisa kwevakatangira, ndeye zero, kunze kwekunge tabvuma sechokwadi nyaya yekuti isu tave kurarama mukufananidza. Zvimwe zvinorehwa nemhedzisiro iyi zvinokurukurwa zvakare.
1. Nhanganyaya
Mabhuku akawanda enganonyorwa dzesainzi, pamwe nekufanotaura kwevanoongorora nezveramangwana uye vatsvakurudzi veruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, vanofanotaura kuti simba guru rekombiyuta richawanikwa mune ramangwana. Ngatifungei kuti mafambiro aya ndeechokwadi. Semuyenzaniso, zvizvarwa zvinotevera nemakomputa azvo ane simba guru zvichakwanisa kumhanyisa kuenzanisa kwevakavatangira kana vanhu vakafanana nevakavatangira. Nekuti makomputa avo achave ane simba, ivo vachakwanisa kumhanyisa akawanda akafanana ekuenzanisa. Ngatifungei kuti vanhu vakaedzerwa ava vanoziva (uye vachadaro kana kuenzanisa kwacho kwakanyatso uye kana imwe pfungwa inogamuchirwa nevakawanda yekuziva muuzivi yakarurama). Zvinotevera kuti nhamba huru yepfungwa sedzedu hadzisi dzerudzi rwekutanga, asi kuti ndedzevanhu vakaedzerwa nevazukuru vedzinza rekutanga. Kubva pane izvi, zvinogona kupokana kuti zvine musoro kutarisira kuti isu tiri pakati pekufananidzirwa, pane zvepakutanga, pfungwa dzezvisikwa zvipenyu. Nokudaro, kunze kwekuti isu tichitenda kuti isu tava kurarama mukufananidza kwekombiyuta, saka hatifaniri kufunga kuti zvizvarwa zvedu zvichamhanya zvakawanda zvekufananidza kwemadzitateguru avo. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa huru. Tichatarisa izvi zvakadzama mune kwasara bepa rino.
Pamusoro pekufarira kungave netisisi iyi kune avo vanobatanidzwa munhaurirano dzemangwana, pane zvakare kufarira kwedzidziso. Humbowo uhwu hunomutsa kuumbwa kwemamwe matambudziko emumethodical uye metaphysical, uye zvakare hunopa mamwe echisikigo analogies kune echinyakare pfungwa dzechitendero, uye aya analogies anogona kuita seanokatyamadza kana kupa zano.
Mamiriro echinyorwa ichi ndeaya anotevera: pakutanga isu tichagadzira imwe fungidziro yatinoda kuunza kubva kune huzivi hwepfungwa kuitira kuti humbowo uhu hushande. Tichazotarisa zvimwe zvikonzero zvine humbowo zvekutenda kuti kumhanya kwakakura kwekuenzanisa kwepfungwa dzevanhu kunogoneka kune remangwana budiriro inozogadzira akawanda ehunyanzvi matekinoroji akaratidzwa kuti anofambirana nemutemo unozivikanwa wepanyama uye zvipimo zveinjiniya.
Ichi chikamu hachifanirwe kubva pamaonero ehuzivi, asi zvakadaro chinokurudzira kutarisisa kune pfungwa huru yechinyorwa. Izvi zvinozoteverwa nepfupiso yehumbowo, pachishandiswa mamwe manyorerwo ezvingangoita dzidziso, uye chikamu chinopembedza iyo isina kusimba yakaenzana musimboti unoshandiswa nehumbowo. Pakupedzisira, tichakurukura dzimwe dudziro dzeimwe nzira yakataurwa pakutanga, uye iyi ichava mhedziso yehumbowo pamusoro pedambudziko rekufananidza.
2. Kufungidzira kuzvimirira kwevezvenhau
Fungidziro yakajairika muuzivi hwepfungwa fungidziro yerusununguko rwepakati. Pfungwa ndeyokuti mamiriro epfungwa anogona kuitika mune chero yemhando yakakura ye media media. Kunze kwekuti iyo system inosanganisira iyo chaiyo seti yezvimiro zvemakomputa uye maitirwo, zviitiko zvekuziva zvinogona kuitika mukati mayo. Iyo yakakosha pfuma haisi iyo embodiment ye intracranial maitiro mune kabhoni-based biological nerve network: silicon-based processors mukati memakomputa anogona kuita chaiwo manomano. Nharo dzeiyi thesis dzakafambiswa mberi muzvinyorwa zviripo, uye kunyangwe zvisingaenderane zvachose, isu tichazvitora sezviri pachena pano.
Humbowo hwatinopa pano, zvisinei, haubvi pane chero vhezheni yakasimba yekushanda kana computationalism. Semuyenzaniso, hatifanire kubvuma kuti thesis yepakati pekuzvimirira ichokwadi (mune analytical kana metaphysical pfungwa) - asi chete, chokwadi, komputa iri pasi pekutonga kwechirongwa chakakodzera inogona kuziva . Uyezve, hatifaniri kufunga kuti kuti tigadzire kuziva mukombuta, taizofanira kuironga nenzira yekuti inozvibata sevanhu mune zvese, inopfuura bvunzo yeTuring, nezvimwewo. Tinongoda fungidziro isina simba. kuti kugadzira zviitiko zvemukati, zvakakwana kuti macomputer maitiro ari muhuropi hwemunhu akopirwe zvine mutsindo mune yakakodzera yepamusoro-chaiyo tsanangudzo, semuenzaniso, pamwero weimwe synapses. Iyi vhezheni yakakwenenzverwa yekuzvimiririra yemedia inogamuchirwa nevakawanda.
Neurotransmitters, tsinga dzinokura zvinhu, uye mamwe makemikari madiki pane masynapses anonyatso kuita basa mukuziva uye kudzidza kwevanhu. Iyo mota-yakazvimiririra thesis haisi yekuti mhedzisiro yemakemikari aya idiki kana isingaite, asi kuti inokanganisa subjective ruzivo chete kuburikidza yakananga kana isina kunanga mhedzisiro pane computational chiitiko. Semuenzaniso, kana pasina misiyano yekuzvimiririra pasina kuve nemusiyano mukubuda kwesynaptic, ipapo iyo inodiwa yekufananidza ruzivo iri padanho re synaptic (kana kumusoro).
3.Technological miganhu yekombuta
Padanho razvino rebudiriro yetekinoroji, hatina simba rakakwana rehardware kana software yakakwana yekuumba pfungwa dzinoziva pakombuta. Zvisinei, nharo dzakasimba dzakaitwa dzokuti kana kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kukapfuurira kusingadzoreki, ipapo ganhuriro idzi pakupedzisira dzichakundwa. Vamwe vanyori vanopikisa kuti chikamu ichi chichaitika mumakumi mashoma emakore. Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvinangwa zvehurukuro yedu, hapana fungidziro pamusoro pechiyero chenguva chinodikanwa. Humbowo hwekunyepedzera hunoshanda zvakangofanana kune avo vanotenda kuti zvichatora mazana ezviuru zvemakore kuti vasvike "yemashure-yemunhu" chikamu chebudiriro, apo vanhu vanenge vawana mazhinji ehunyanzvi hwetekinoroji hunogona kuratidzwa zvino kuenderana. nemitemo yezvisikwa uye nemitemo yezvinhu.
Ichi chikamu chekukura chekuvandudza tekinoroji chichaita kuti zvikwanise kushandura mapuraneti nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvemuchadenga kuita makomputa ane simba guru. Parizvino, zvakaoma kuva nechokwadi pamusoro pemiganhu ipi neipi kusimba rekombuyuta richawanikwa kune budiriro yepashure pemunhu. Sezvo tichiri tisina “dzidziso yezvinhu zvose,” hatigoni kubvisa mukana wokuti zvinhu zvitsva zvomuviri, zvinorambidzwa nedzidziso dzenyama dzazvino, zvinogona kushandiswa kukurira ganhuriro, maererano nenzwisiso yedu yazvino, inoisa ganhuriro dzefungidziro pamashoko. kugadzirisa mukati mechinhu ichi. Nekuvimba kwakanyanya, tinogona kumisikidza miganho yakaderera yekombuta yemunhu, tichifunga nezvekushandiswa kweiyo nzira dzinotonzwisiswa. Semuyenzaniso, Eric Drexler akadhizainira dhizaini yehurongwa hwakakura hweshuga cube (kubvisa kutonhora nemagetsi) iyo inogona kuita 1021 maoparesheni pasekondi. Mumwe munyori akapa fungidziro yakaoma yekushanda kwe1042 pasekondi yekombuta yakakura yepasi. (Kana tikadzidza kugadzira quantum makomputa, kana kudzidza kugadzira makomputa kubva kuzvinhu zvenyukireya kana plasma, tinogona kuswedera pedyo nemipimo yedzidziso. Seth Lloyd akaverenga muganho wepamusoro wekombuta ye1 kg kuve 5 * 1050 mashandiro ane musoro pasekondi. yakaitwa pa 1031 bit. Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvinangwa zvedu zvakakwana kuti tishandise fungidziro dzakawanda, izvo zvinoreva chete nheyo dzekushanda dzinozivikanwa iye zvino.)
Huwandu hwesimba rekombuta rinodiwa kutevedzera uropi hwemunhu hunogona kufungidzirwa nenzira imwecheteyo. Imwe fungidziro, zvichibva pakudhura kwazvinoita kukopa kushanda kwechidimbu cheneural tissue yatinotonzwisisa uye mashandiro ayo akatokopwa musilicon (kureva, iyo mutsauko wekusimudzira system muretina yakakopwa), inopa fungidziro yezvinenge 1014 mashandiro pasekondi. Imwe fungidziro, yakavakirwa pahuwandu hwe synapses muuropi uye kuwanda kwekupfura kwavo, inopa kukosha kwe1016-1017 mashandiro pasekondi. Saizvozvo, kunyange simba remakomputa rakawanda rinogona kudikanwa kana isu taida kutevedzera zvakadzama kushanda kwemukati kwema synapses uye dendritic mapazi. Nekudaro, zvinogoneka kuti iyo yepakati tsinga yemunhu ine imwe chiyero chekudzokororwa padiki nhanho kutsiva kusavimbika uye ruzha rwezvikamu zvayo zvetsinga. Naizvozvo, munhu anotarisira kuwana kwakakosha kwekubudirira kana uchishandisa akavimbika uye anochinjika asiri-biological processors.
Memory haisisiri yekumisa pane kugadzirisa simba. Uyezve, sezvo huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko evanhu huri pakurongeka kwe108 bits pasekondi, kuenzanisa zviitiko zvose zvekunzwa zvingada mari isingakoshi kana ichienzaniswa nekuenzanisa cortical basa. Nokudaro, isu tinogona kushandisa simba rekugadzirisa rinodiwa kuti titevedzere pakati penheyo system sefungidziro yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekufananidza pfungwa dzevanhu.
Kana zvakatipoteredza zvakabatanidzwa mukufananidza, zvinoda kuwedzera simba remakombiyuta - huwandu hwayo hunoenderana nehukuru uye tsanangudzo yekuenzanisa. Kutevedzera zvakasikwa zvese nequantum chaiyo hazvigoneke kunze kwekunge imwe fizikisi itsva yawanikwa. Asi kuti uwane kuenzanisa kwechokwadi kwechiitiko chemunhu, zvishoma zvinodikanwa-zvakangokwana kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vakaedzerwa vanodyidzana nenzira dzakajairika nemhoteredzo yakateedzerwa havazocherechedze misiyano ipi neipi. Iyo microscopic chimiro chemukati mePasi inogona kusiiwa nyore. Zvinhu zviri kure zvemuchadenga zvinogona kuisirwa mwero wakanyanya wekudzvanyirirwa: kufanana chaiko kunoda kungove mukati menzvimbo yakatetepa yezvivakwa zvatinogona kuona kubva kupasi redu kana kubva muchadenga mukati mezuva. PaPasi pePasi, zvinhu zvemacroscopic munzvimbo dzisina vanhu zvinofanirwa kugara zvichiteedzerwa, asi zvimiro zvisingaoneki zvinogona kuzadzwa mukati. ad hoc, ndiko kuti, sezvinodiwa. Zvaunoona kuburikidza nemaikorosikopu erekitironi hazvifanire kutarisika zvinonyumwira, asi kazhinji hauna nzira yekutarisa kuenderana kwayo nezvikamu zvisingaonekwe zvemicroworld. Zvisizvo zvinomuka patinogadzira masisitimu nemaune kuti tishandise zvisingaonekwe zvidiki zvidiki zvinoshanda zvinoenderana nemisimboti inozivikanwa kuburitsa zvatingakwanise kuongorora takazvimirira. Muenzaniso wekare weiyi komputa. Kutevedzera kunofanirwa kusanganisira kuenderera mberi kwekuenzanisa kwemakomputa kusvika padanho remagedhi emunhu ega. Iri harisi dambudziko sezvo simba redu rekombuta razvino harina basa nemaitiro emunhu.
Zvakare, mugadziri wepashure pemunhu angave aine simba rakakwana rekombuta yekutarisa zvakadzama mamiriro epfungwa muhuropi hwese hwevanhu nguva dzese. Nenzira iyoyo, kana aona kuti munhu anoda kutarisa nezvenyika, anogona kuzadza kuenzanisa nedanho rakakwana reruzivo sezvinodiwa. Kana paine chikanganiso chaizoitika, mutungamiriri wekufananidza aigona kugadzirisa zviri nyore nyika dzehuropi hupi hwakazoziva kusanzwisisika kusati kwaparadza simulation. Kana kuti mutungamiriri anogona kudzoreredza simulation masekondi mashoma uye oitanga zvakare nenzira inodzivirira dambudziko.
Izvi zvinotevera kuti chikamu chinodhura zvikuru chekugadzira kuenzanisa kusinganzwisisiki kubva kune chokwadi chemuviri kune pfungwa dzevanhu mukati mazvo zvingava kugadzira kuenzanisa kwehuropi hwehupenyu kusvika kune neural kana sub-neural level. Nepo zvisingaite kupa fungidziro chaiyoiyo yemutengo wekuenzanisira kwechokwadi kwenhoroondo yevanhu, tinogona kushandisa fungidziro ye1033-1036 mashandiro sekufungidzira kwakashata.
Sezvo isu tichiwana ruzivo rwakawanda mukugadzira chaiyo chaiyo, tinozowana kunzwisisa kuri nani kwezvinodikanwa zvemakombuta zvinodikanwa kuita kuti nyika dzakadai dziite sedzechokwadi kune vashanyi vadzo. Asi kunyangwe fungidziro yedu isiriyo nemirairo yakati wandei yehukuru, izvi hazviiti mutsauko mukuru kuhumbowo hwedu. Isu takaona kuti fungidziro yakaoma yesimba rekugadzirisa kwepuraneti-yakawanda komputa ndeye 1042 mashandiro pasekondi, uye izvi zviri kungofunga nezvakatozivikanwa nanotech magadzirirwo, ayo angangove ari kure neakanakisa. Imwe komputa yakadai inokwanisa kutevedzera nhoroondo yese yepfungwa dzevanhu (ngatiidzei kuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru) tichishandisa miriyoni imwe chete yezviwanikwa zvayo musekondi imwe. Kubudirira kwepashure pemunhu kunogona kupedzisira kwavaka nhamba yezvenyeredzi yemakomputa akadaro. Tinogona kugumisa kuti budiriro yepashure pemunhu inogona kuita nhamba yakakura kwazvo yekuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru, kunyangwe ikashandisa chikamu chidiki chezviwanikwa pairi. Tinogona kusvika pamhedziso iyi kunyangwe tiine muganho wakakura wekukanganisa mune zvese zvatinofungidzira.
- Hutano hwePosthuman huchave neruzivo rwakakwana rwekombuta yekumhanyisa huwandu hukuru hwekufananidza kwemadzitateguru, kunyangwe kushandisa chikamu chidiki chezviwanikwa zvavo nekuda kweizvi.
4. Kernel yekufananidza chiratidzo
Pfungwa huru yechinyorwa ichi inogona kuratidzwa seizvi: kana paine mukana wakakura wekuti budiriro yedu rimwe zuva isvike padanho remunhu uye iite akawanda emadzitateguru ekufungidzira, saka tingaratidza sei kuti hatisi kurarama mune imwe yakadaro. simulation?
Tichakudziridza pfungwa iyi nenzira yehumbowo hwakasimba. Ngatitangei chirevo chinotevera:
- chiyero chevanhu vese budiriro inorarama kusvika padanho repashure pemunhu;
N iavhareji yenhamba yekuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru kwakatangwa nebudiriro yepashure pemunhu;
H ndiyo avhareji yenhamba yevanhu vaigara mubudiriro isati yasvika padanho repashure pemunhu.
Ipapo chikamu chaicho chevacherechedzi vese vane ruzivo rwevanhu vanogara mukufananidza ndechekuti:
Ngatiratidzei sechikamu chebudiriro dzepashure pemunhu dzinofarira kuita kuenzanisa kwemadziteteguru (kana kuti ane huwandu hwevanhu vanofarira kuita kudaro uye vane zviwanikwa zvakakosha zvekumhanyisa nhamba yakakosha yekuenzanisa) uye seavhareji nhamba. yekufungidzira kwemadzitateguru anofambiswa neanofarira budiriro, tinowana:
Uye saka:
Nekuda kwesimba rakakura remakomputa remagariro epashure pemunhu, uku kukosha kukuru, sezvatakaona muchikamu chapfuura. Tichitarisa formula (*) tinogona kuona kuti imwe yemafungiro matatu anotevera ndeyechokwadi:
5. Nheyo yakapfava yekuenzana
Tinogona kuenda nhanho mberi uye kugumisa kuti kana (3) ichokwadi, unogona kunge uine chokwadi chekuti uri mukuenzanisa. Kazhinji, kana tichiziva kuti chikamu x chevacherechedzi vese vane ruzivo rwerudzi rwemunhu vanogara mukuenzanisa, uye isu hatina rumwe ruzivo runoratidza kuti isu pachedu ruzivo rwedu pachedu runogona kuve rwakaiswa mumushini pane mu. vivo kupfuura mamwe marudzi echiitiko chevanhu, uyezve chivimbo chedu chekuti tiri mukuenzanisa chinofanira kuenzana ne x:
Danho iri rinoruramiswa nemusimboti usina simba wekuenzana. Ngatisiyanei nyaya mbiri idzi. Muchiitiko chekutanga, izvo zviri nyore, pfungwa dzose dziri kuongororwa dzakafanana nedzako, mupfungwa yokuti dzakanyatsofanana nemafungiro ako: vane ruzivo rwakafanana uye zviitiko zvakafanana newe. Muchiitiko chechipiri, pfungwa dzakangofanana kune imwe neimwe mupfungwa yakafara, iri iyo rudzi rwepfungwa dzinofananidzwa nevanhu, asi zvakasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe uye imwe neimwe ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviitiko. Ndinokakavara kuti kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana, uchapupu hwekufananidza huchiri kushanda, kunze kwekuti iwe hauna ruzivo runopindura mubvunzo wekuti ndeupi wepfungwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzinofananidzwa uye dzinozivikanwa biologically.
Tsanangudzo yakadzama yemusimboti wakaomarara, uyo unosanganisira yese yemienzaniso yedu senyaya dzakakosha, yakapihwa muzvinyorwa. Kushaikwa kwenzvimbo hakutibvumidze kuti tiratidze chirevo chese pano, asi isu tinogona kupa pano imwe yezvikonzero zvinonzwisisika. Ngatimbofungidzirai kuti x% yehuwandu ine imwe genetic sequence S mukati mechimwe chikamu cheDNA yavo, iyo inowanzonzi "junk DNA". Ngatitii zvakare hapana kuratidzwa kweS (kunze kweiyo inogona kuoneka panguva yekuongorora genetic) uye kuti hapana kuwirirana pakati pekuva neS uye chero kunze kwekuratidzwa. Zvino zvinobva zvanyatsojeka kuti DNA yako isati yatevedzana, zvine musoro kutaura x% chivimbo kune fungidziro yekuti une chidimbu S. Uye izvi zvakazvimiririra pane chokwadi chekuti vanhu vane S vane pfungwa nezviitiko zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. kubva kuvanhu vasina S. (Ivo vakasiyana nemhaka bedzi yokuti vanhu vose vane zvinoitika zvakasiana, kwete nemhaka yokuti pane wirirano ipi neipi yakananga pakati peS norudzi rwechiitiko icho munhu anacho.)
Kufunga kwakafanana kunoshanda kana S isiri iyo pfuma yekuve neiyo genetic sequence, asi panzvimbo iyo chokwadi chekuve mukufananidza, pakufungidzira kuti isu hatina ruzivo rwunotibvumira kufanotaura chero misiyano pakati pezviitiko zvepfungwa dzakafananidzwa uye. pakati pezvakaitika zvepakutanga zvipenyu.pfungwa
Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti nheyo yakapfava yekuenzana inosimbisa chete kuenzana pakati pekufungidzira pamusoro pekuti uri mucherechedzi upi, kana usina ruzivo rwekuti uri mucherechedzi upi. Iyo kazhinji haipi kuenzana pakati pekufungidzira kana iwe usina ruzivo rwekuti ndeupi hypothesis ichokwadi. Kusiyana neLaplace uye mamwe misimboti akasimba ekuenzana, nekudaro haisi pasi pekangaidzo yaBertrand uye mamwe matambudziko akafanana anoomesera mashandisirwo asina kuganhurirwa emisimboti yekuenzana.
Vaverengi vanoziva nezve<em>Doomsday nharo (DA) (J. Leslie, “Mugumo Wenyika Wava Pedyo Here?” Philosophical Quarterly 40, 158: 65–72 (1990)) vanganetseka kuti nheyo yokuenzana inoshandiswa pano inobva pafungidziro imwe cheteyo. izvo zvine basa rekugogodza rug kubva pasi peDA, uye kuti kupokana kwedzimwe mhedziso dzayo kunoisa mumvuri pahuchokwadi hwenharo yekufananidza. Izvi zvakaipa. DA inomira pane yakanyanya kuomarara uye inokakavadzana fungidziro yekuti munhu anofanirwa kufunga sekunge aive sampuli isina kujairika kubva kuhuwandu hwese hwevanhu vakamborarama uye vachararama (kare, ikozvino uye ramangwana), zvisinei nekuti isu tinoziva. kuti tinorarama pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, uye kwete pane imwe nguva mune ramangwana riri kure. Iyo yakapfava yekusavimbika musimboti inoshanda chete kune zviitiko apo isu tisina rumwe ruzivo rwekuti isu tiri veboka ripi revanhu.
Kana kubheja chiri chimwe hwaro hwekutenda kunonzwisisika, saka kana munhu wese achibheja kuti ari mukuenzanisa here kana kuti kwete, saka kana vanhu vakashandisa iyo yakapfava yekusavimbika musimboti uye kubheja kuti vari mukuenzanisa kunoenderana neruzivo rwekuti vazhinji vevanhu vari. mariri, ipapo anenge munhu wese achahwina mabheti avo. Kana vakabheja kuti havasi mukuenzanisa, anenge munhu wese acharasikirwa. Zvinoratidzika zvakanyanya kubatsira kutevera musimboti wekuenzana kwakapfava. Kupfuurirazve, munhu anogona kufungidzira kutevedzana kwemamiriro ezvinhu anogoneka umo kuwedzera kwechikamu chevanhu vanogara mukufananidza: 98%, 99%, 99.9%, 99.9999%, zvichingodaro. Sezvo munhu anosvika pamuganho wepamusoro, apo munhu wese ari kurarama mukuenzanisa (kubva paari anogona kufungidzira kuti munhu wese ari mukuenzanisa), zvinoita sekunge zvine musoro kuda kuti chokwadi chaanoti kuve mukufananidza chinofanira kuswedera uye nekuenderera mberi. kuganhurira muganhu wechivimbo chakazara.
6. Dudziro
Zvinogona kutaurwa mundima (1) zvakajeka. Kana (1) chiri chokwadi, saka vanhu vanopotsa vatadza kusvika padanho repashure pemunhu; hapana rudzi pamwero wedu webudiriro inova pashure pomunhu, uye kwakaoma kuwana ruramiso ipi neipi yokufunga kuti rudzi rwedu timene rune betsero dzipi nedzipi kana kuti dziviriro chaiyo pangwavaira dzomunguva yemberi. Tichipihwa mamiriro (1), saka isu tinofanirwa kupa kugoneka kwepamusoro kuDoom (DOOM), ndiko kuti, fungidziro yekuti vanhu vachapera vasati vasvika padanho remunhu:
Tinogona kufungidzira mamiriro ekufungidzira umo isu tine data inodarika ruzivo rwedu rwefp. Somuenzaniso, kana tikazviwana tava kuda kurohwa nehofori ye<em>asteroid, tinogona kufunga kuti takanga tisina rombo rakanaka. Isu tinogona kuzoti kutendeseka kukuru kune Doom hypothesis pane tarisiro yedu yechikamu chebudiriro yemhando yevanhu inotadza kuwana posthunity. Muchinoitika chedu, kunyanguvezvo, tinoratidzika kuva tisina chikonzero chokufunga kuti takakosha muna ikoku, nokuda kwezvakanaka kana kuti zvakaipa.
Pfungwa (1) haingorevi kuti tingangotsakatika. Zvinoratidza kuti isu hatigone kusvika padanho repashure pemunhu. Izvi zvinogona kureva, semuenzaniso, kuti ticharamba tiri kana zvishoma pamusoro pemazinga edu aripo kwenguva yakareba tisati taparara. Chimwe chingangove chikonzero chekuti (1) ive chokwadi ndechekuti budiriro yeruzivo rwemichina ingangodonha. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzanga dzechinyakare dzevanhu dzicharamba dziri paPasi.
Kune nzira dzakawanda idzo vanhu vanogona kutsakatika vasati vasvika padanho rebudiriro remunhu. Tsananguro yakasarudzika ye (1) ndeyekuti tichatsakatika nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwehumwe michina ine simba asi ine ngozi. Mumwe mumiriri ndeye molecular nanotechnology, iyo nhanho yekukura iyo inobvumira kugadzirwa kweanozvidzokorora nanorobots anogona kudya pane tsvina uye organic zvinhu - rudzi rwemakiniki mabhakitiriya. Ma<em>nanorobots akadaro, kana akagadzirirwa chinangwa chakaipa, anogona kutungamirira kurufu rwezvipenyu zvose zviri panyika.
Imwe nzira yechipiri kumagumo enharo yekuenzanisira ndeyokuti chikamu chehupenyu hwemashure evanhu vanofarira kumhanya kuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru hachikoshi. Kuti (2) ive chokwadi, panofanirwa kuve nekusangana kwakasimba pakati penzira dzebudiriro dzebudiriro. Kana huwandu hwekufananidza kwemadzitateguru hwakagadzirwa nevanhu vanofarira hwakakura zvakanyanya, saka kushomeka kwemagariro akadaro kunofanirwa kunge kwakanyanyisa. Zvinenge pasina budiriro yepashure pemunhu inosarudza kushandisa zviwanikwa zvayo kugadzira huwandu hukuru hwekufananidza kwemadzitateguru. Uyezve, dzinenge budiriro dzese dzepashure pemunhu dzinoshaya vanhu vane zviwanikwa zvakakodzera uye vanofarira kumhanyisa kuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru; kana kuti vane mitemo, inotsigirwa nechisimba, inodzivisa vanhu kuita maererano nezvavanoda.
Isimba ripi rinogona kutungamirira kukubatana kwakadaro? Mumwe angakakavara kuti budiriro dzepamusoro dziri pamwe chete dzichikura dzichitevedza gwara rinotungamirira mukucherechedzwa kwetsika inorambidza yokumhanya kuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru nokuda kwekutambura kunowanikwa nevagari vokufananidza. Zvisinei, mukuona kwedu kwazvino uno, hazviratidziki sezviri pachena kuti kusikwa kworudzi rwomunhu hakuna unzenza. Mukupesana, tinowanzoona kuvapo kwedzinza redu sokune ukoshi hukuru hwetsika. Uyezve, kusangana kwemaonero ehutsika chete pamusoro pehunzenza hwekumhanya kuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru hakuna kukwana: kunofanirwa kusanganiswa nekusangana kwechimiro chemagariro evanhu, izvo zvinoita kuti mabasa anoonekwa seasina hunhu arambidzwe zvinobudirira.
Imwe mukana wekusangana ndeyekuti vangangove vese vanhu vepashure munenge magariro ese epashure pemunhu anoshanduka nenzira iyo vanorasikirwa nedhiraivha yekumhanyisa madzitateguru. Izvi zvinoda shanduko yakakosha mukukurudzira kutyaira madzitateguru avo epashure pemunhu, sezvo paine vanhu vazhinji vangada kumhanyisa kuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru avo kana vachikwanisa. Asi zvichida zvizhinji zvezvishuvo zvedu zvavanhu zvicharatidzika kuva zvoupenzi kumunhu upi noupi anozova munhu. Zvichida kukosha kwesainzi kwekufananidza kwemadzitateguru ebudiriro mushure memunhu hakuna basa (izvo zvisingaite sezvisingagoneki zvichipihwa hukuru hwavo hwenjere) uye pamwe vanhu vepashure vanotora nhandaro senzira isina kunyatso shanda yekuwana mafaro - inogona kuwanikwa zvakachipa zvakanyanya nekuda kukurudzira kwakananga kwenzvimbo dzekunakidzwa dzehuropi. Imwe mhedziso inotevera kubva (2) ndeyokuti nzanga dzepashure pemunhu dzichave dzakasiyana kwazvo nenzanga dzevanhu: hadzizove nevamiriri vakapfuma vakazvimiririra vane huwandu hwakazara hwezvishuwo zvakaita sevanhu uye vakasununguka kuita maererano nazvo.
Iko mukana wakatsanangurwa nemhedziso (3) ndiyo inonyanya kufadza kubva papfungwa yemaonero. Kana isu tichirarama mukufananidza, saka iyo cosmos yatinoona inongova chidimbu chidiki mukuzara kwehupenyu hwenyama. Fizikisi yechadenga inogara komputa inogona kana kusafanana nefizikisi yenyika yatinoona. Nepo nyika yatinoona iri “chaiyo” pamwero wakati, haiwaniki pamwero wakati chaiwo chaiwo. Zvingave zvichigoneka kuti budiriro dzakafananidzirwa dzive dzepashure pemunhu. Ivo vanogonawo kumhanyisa madzitateguru ekufungidzira pamakomputa ane simba avakavaka muchadenga chakafananidzirwa. Makomputa akadaro angave "machina chaiwo," pfungwa yakajairika musainzi yekombuta. (Mashandisirwo eWebhu akanyorwa muJava script, semuenzaniso, mhanyisa pamushini unofananidzwa-kombuta inoedzerwa-palaptop yako.)
Michina yeVirtual inogona kuvharirwa mukati memumwe nemumwe: zvinokwanisika kutevedzera muchina unoteedzera mumwe muchina, uye zvichingodaro, nenhamba huru yematanho. Kana tikakwanisa kugadzira yedu yekufananidza nemadzitateguru edu, uhwu hungave humbowo hwakasimba hunopesana nepfungwa (1) uye (2), uye saka tinofanira kugumisa kuti tiri kurarama mukufananidza. Uyezve, isu tichafanirwa kufungidzira kuti ma posthumans akamhanyisa simulation yedu ivo pachavo zvisikwa, uye vagadziri vavo, ivowo, vanogona kunge vari vanhu vanoedzerwa.
Chokwadi chinogona kuva nematanho akati wandei. Kunyangwe dai hutongi hwaizopera pane imwe nhanho - chimiro chemetaphysical chechirevo ichi hachina kujeka - panogona kunge paine nzvimbo yakakwana yehuwandu hukuru hwechokwadi, uye iyi nhamba inogona kuwedzera nekufamba kwenguva. (Imwe pfungwa inopesana nefungidziro yemazinga akawanda ndeyekuti mutengo we computational wezviyereso zve base-level ungave wakakura kwazvo. Kutevedzera kunyange budiriro imwe chete yepashure pemunhu kunogona kudhura zvakanyanya. Kana zvakadaro, tinofanira kutarisira kuti simudziro yedu ichadzimwa , kana tasvika padanho repashure pemunhu.)
Kunyangwe zvinhu zvese zvehurongwa uhwu zviri zvemusikirwo, kunyangwe zvemuviri, zvinogoneka kudhirowa mamwe maenzaniso asina kusimba nepfungwa dzechitendero chenyika. Neimwe nzira, maposthumans anomhanyisa simulation akafanana vanamwari maererano nevanhu vari mukuenzanisa: posthumans vanogadzira nyika yatinoona; vane njere dzinotipfuura; vane masimba ose mupfungwa yokuti vanogona kudzongonyedza kushanda kwenyika yedu nenzira dzinoputsa mitemo yomuviri, uye vanoziva zvose mupfungwa yokuti vanogona kuongorora zvose zvinoitika. Zvisinei, vose vanamwari, kunze kweavo vanogara padanho rinokosha rechokwadi, vari pasi pezviito zvevamwari vane simba zvikuru vanogara pamatunhu akakwirira echokwadi.
Kumwe kujekeswa kwemadingindira aya kunogona kuguma nedzidziso yechisikigo iyo yaizoongorora chimiro chehumambo uhwu uye zvipingaidzo zvinoiswa pavagari nemukana wekuti zviito zvavo pamwero wavo zvinogona kukanganisa mafungiro evagari vechikamu chakadzama chechokwadi kwavari. . Semuenzaniso, kana pasina munhu anogona kuva nechokwadi chekuti ari padanho rekutanga, saka munhu wese anofanira kufunga nezve mukana wekuti zviito zvake zvichapihwa mubairo kana kurangwa, zvichida zvichibva pane imwe tsika yemaitiro, nevatenzi vekufananidza. Upenyu pashure porufu huchava bviro chaiyoiyo. Nekuda kwekusaziva uku kwakakosha, kunyangwe budiriro iri padanho rekutanga ichave nekurudziro yekuzvibata zvine hunhu. Idi rokuti vane chikonzero chokuzvibata mutsika zvirokwazvo richava chikonzero chakanaka chokuti mumwe munhu azvibate mutsika, uye zvichingodaro, achiumba denderedzwa rakanaka. Nenzira iyi munhu anogona kuwana chimwe chinhu chakaita sechisungo chetsika chepasirese, icho chichava mukufarira kwemunhu wese kutevedzera, uye chinobuda “pasina pese.”
Mukuwedzera kune kuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru, munhu anogona kufungidzira mukana wekunyanya kusarudzwa kwekuenzanisa kunosanganisira boka duku revanhu kana munhu mumwe chete. Vamwe vanhu vese vanozove "zombies" kana "mumvuri vanhu" - vanhu vanoteedzerwa chete pamwero wakakwana zvekuti vanhu vakateedzera zvizere vaisazoona chero chinhu chinofungidzirwa.
Hazvina kujeka kuti zvingave zvakachipa zvakadii kutevedzera mumvuri vanhu kupfuura vanhu chaivo. Hazvisi pachena kuti zvinokwanisika kuti chinhu chiite zvisinganzwisisiki kubva kumunhu chaiye uye asi asina ruzivo rwezvakaitika. Kunyangwe kana kuenzanisa kwakadaro kuripo, haugone kuve nechokwadi chekuti uri mune imwe chete kutozosvikira wava nechokwadi chekuti mifanidzo yakadaro yakawanda kwazvo kupfuura yakazara yakazara. Nyika yaizofanira kunge iine mabhiriyoni zana emamwe maI-simulations (mafanidzo ehupenyu hwekuziva kumwe chete) pane kune yakazara simulations yemadzitateguru - kuitira kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu vakaedzerwa vave muI-simulations.
Zvinogoneka zvakare kuti ma simulators anosvetukira pamusoro pezvimwe zvikamu zvehupenyu hwepfungwa dzezvisikwa uye kuvapa ndangariro dzenhema dzemhando yezviitiko zvavangadai vakaita panguva yekusvetuka. Kana zvakadaro, munhu anogona kufungidzira chigadzikiso chinotevera (chiri kure) chechinetso chouipi: kuti chaizvoizvo hakuna kutambura munyika uye kuti ndangariro dzose dzokutambura inhema. Ehe, iyi hypothesis inogona kutariswa zvakakomba chete panguva idzodzo apo iwe pachako usiri kutambura.
Tichifunga kuti tinorarama mukufananidza, ndezvipi zvinorehwa kwatiri isu vanhu? Kusiyana nezvakataurwa kusvika zvino, migumisiro yevanhu haina kunyanya kuoma. Gwaro redu rakanakisa rekuti vagadziri vedu vepashure pemunhu vakasarudza sei kuronga nyika yedu ndeyeyero yekuongorora empirical yepasirese sezvatinozviona. Shanduko kune dzakawanda dzekutenda kwedu dzinogona kunge dziri diki uye dzakapfava-zvinoenderana nekusavimbika kwedu mukukwanisa kwedu kunzwisisa hurongwa hwekufunga kwemunhu.
Kunzwisisa kwakarurama kwechokwadi chetsanangudzo (3) hakufaniri kutiita “kupenga” kana kutimanikidza kusiya bhizinesi redu torega kuronga uye kufanotaura nezvemangwana. Iko kukosha kukuru kweempirical kwe (3) panguva ino inoita kunge iri muchikamu chayo mumhedziso yakapetwa katatu yakapihwa pamusoro.
Isu tinofanirwa kutarisira kuti (3) ichokwadi nekuti inoderedza mukana we (1), asi kana zvisingakwanisi zvemakomputa zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti ma simulators anodzima simulation isati yasvika padanho revanhu, saka tariro yedu yakanaka ndeyekuti (2) ichokwadi. .
Kana tikadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pekukurudzira kwemunhu uye zvisingakwanisi, zvichida semugumisiro wekushanduka kwedu kune posthunity, zvino fungidziro yekuti isu takaedzerwa ichave neyakapfuma seti yeempirical application.
7. Mhedziso
Iyo tekinoroji yakakura mushure mebudiriro yemunhu yaizova nesimba guru rekombuta. Kubva pane izvi, kufunga nezve kuenzanisa kunoratidza kuti chimwe chezvinotevera ichokwadi:
- (1) Chiyero chebudiriro yedanho revanhu chinosvika padanho repashure pemunhu chiri padyo ne zero.
- (2) Mugove wemashure-evanhu budiriro inofarira kumhanyisa simulations yevakatangira iri padyo ne zero.
- (3) Chiyero chevanhu vese vane rudzi rwedu rwechiitiko vanogara mukufananidza chiri padyo nemumwe.
Kana (1) chiri chokwadi, saka tichapotsa tafa tisati tasvika padanho repashure pemunhu.
Kana (2) chiri chokwadi, saka panofanira kuve nekunyatso kuwiriraniswa kwenzira dzebudiriro dzevese budiriro, kuitira kuti pasave nemumwe wavo angave ane vanhu vakapfuma vangada kumhanyisa kuenzanisa kwemadzitateguru avo uye vangave vakasununguka kuita. saka.
Kana (3) chiri chokwadi, saka tinenge tichitorarama mukuenzanisa. Sango rakasviba rekusaziva kwedu rinoita kuti zvive zvine musoro kugovera chivimbo chedu chakaenzana pakati pezvibodzwa (1), (2) uye (3).
Kunze kwekunge isu tave kutorarama mukufananidza, vazukuru vedu havazombofa vakamhanyisa madzitateguru avo ekuenzanisa.
Kutenda
Ndinotenda vanhu vakawanda nemashoko avo, kunyanya Amara Angelica, Robert Bradbury, Milan Cirkovic, Robin Hanson, Hal Finney, Robert A. Freitas Jr., John Leslie, Mitch Porter, Keith DeRose, Mike Treder, Mark Walker, Eliezer Yudkowsky , nevatambi vasingazivikanwe.
Shanduro: Alexey Turchin
Zvinyorwa zveMushanduri:
1) Mhedziso (1) uye (2) haisi yenzvimbo. Vanotaura kuti budiriro yese inoparara, kana kuti munhu wese haadi kugadzira kuenzanisa. Chirevo ichi hachingoshandi chete kune chadenga chose chinooneka, kwete chete kukusakwana kwese kwepasirese kuseri kwenzvimbo yekuonekwa, asiwo kune yese seti ye10**500 madhigirii epasi ane hunhu hwakasiyana hunogoneka, zvichienderana netambo dzidziso. . Mukusiyana, thesis yekuti isu tinorarama mukufananidza ndeyemunharaunda. Matauriro akajairika haanyanyi kuva echokwadi pane zvirevo zvakananga. (Enzanisa: “Vanhu vose vakatsvukuruka” uye “Ivanov mushava” kana kuti “mapuraneti ose ane mhepo yakapoteredza pasi” uye “Venus ine mhepo yakapoteredza pasi.”) Kuramba chirevowo zvacho, musiyano mumwe chete wakakwana. Nokudaro, kutaura kwokuti tinorarama mukuenzanisira kunobvira zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe nzira mbiri dzokutanga.
2) Kukudziridzwa kwemakomputa hazvidiwi - semuenzaniso, zviroto zvakakwana. Izvo zvinozoona genetically modified uye yakanyatso kurongeka huropi.
3) Kufungidzira kufunga kunoshanda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mizhinji yemifananidzo inopinda muhuropi hwedu ndeyekutevedzera - aya mafirimu, TV, Indaneti, mapikicha, kushambadza - uye chekupedzisira asi kwete - zviroto.
4) Izvo zvakanyanya kusajairika chinhu chatinoona, zvakanyanya mukana wekuti chiri mukufananidza. Semuenzaniso, kana ndikaona tsaona yakaipisisa, saka kazhinji ndinoiona muchiroto, paTV kana mufirimu.
5) Simulations inogona kuva yemhando mbiri: kutevedzera kwese budiriro uye simulation yenhoroondo yemunhu kana kunyange chikamu chimwe kubva muhupenyu hwemunhu mumwe.
6) Zvakakosha kusiyanisa kutevedzera kubva pakutevedzera - zvinokwanisika kutevedzera munhu kana budiriro isina kumbovapo mune zvakasikwa.
7) Supercivilizations inofanirwa kufarira kugadzira simulations kuitira kuti vadzidze akasiyana mavhezheni avo ekare uye nekudaro nzira dzakasiyana dzekusimudzira kwavo. Uye zvakare, semuenzaniso, kudzidza avhareji frequency yeimwe supercivilizations munzvimbo uye yavo inotarisirwa zvivakwa.
8) Dambudziko rekufananidza rinotarisana nedambudziko rehuzivi zombies (kureva, zvisikwa zvisina qualia, semumvuri paTV skrini). Zvisikwa zvakateedzerwa hazvifanirwe kuve zvehuzivi zombies. Kana akawanda simulations aine huzivi zombies, saka kufunga hakushande (sezvo ini ndisiri zombie yehuzivi.)
9) Kana paine akati wandei mazinga ekuenzanisa, saka iyo yakafanana nhanho 2 simulation inogona kushandiswa mune akati wandei akasiyana level 1 simulations neavo vanogara muchikamu 0 simulation. Kuti uchengetedze zviwanikwa zvekombuta. Zvakafanana nevanhu vakawanda vakasiyana vari kuona firimu rimwe chete. Kureva, ngatiti ini ndakagadzira matatu simulations. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo akagadzira 1000 subsimulations. Ipapo ndaizofanira kumhanya 3003 simulations pane yangu supercomputer. Asi kana mafananidziro akagadzirwa zvakafanana, saka ini ndinongoda kutevedzera 1000 simulations, ndichiratidza mhedzisiro yeimwe neimwe yadzo katatu. Ndiko kuti, ini ndichamhanya 1003 simulations muhuwandu. Mune mamwe mazwi, imwe simulation inogona kuva nevaridzi vakati wandei.
10) Kunyangwe iwe uri kurarama mukufananidza kana kwete zvinogona kutariswa nekuwanda kwehupenyu hwako hwakasiyana kubva paavhareji munzira yekusiyana, inonakidza kana yakakosha. Kurudziro iri pano ndeyokuti kuita kuenzanisa kwevanhu vanofadza vanogara munguva dzinonakidza dzekuchinja kwakakosha kunonyanya kukwezva kune vanogadzira simulation, zvisinei nechinangwa chavo - varaidzo kana tsvakurudzo.70% yevanhu vakamborarama paNyika vakanga vasina kuverenga nekunyora. . Zvisinei, mhedzisiro yekusarudzwa kwekutarisa inofanira kuverengerwa pano: varimi vasina kudzidza havagone kubvunza kuti vanga vari mukuenzanisa here kana kuti kwete, uye saka chokwadi chekuti hausi murombo asingagoni kuverenga haaratidzi kuti uri mukuenzanisa. Zvichida, nguva iri munharaunda yeSingularity ichave inonyanya kufarira kune vanyori vekufananidza, sezvo munharaunda yaro kupesana kusingadzokeri kwenzira dzebudiriro yebudiriro inogoneka, iyo inogona kupesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvidiki, kusanganisira hunhu hwe. munhu mumwe. Semuenzaniso, ini, Alexey Turchin, ndinotenda kuti hupenyu hwangu hunonakidza zvekuti hunogona kuedzerwa kupfuura hwechokwadi.
11) Icho chokwadi chekuti isu tiri mukuenzanisa kunowedzera njodzi dzedu - a) simulation inogona kudzimwa b) vanyori vekufananidza vanogona kuedza pairi, vachigadzira zviri pachena zvisingaite mamiriro - kudonha kweasteroid, nezvimwe.
12) Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Bostrom inotaura kuti imwe yevatatu ichokwadi. Kureva kuti, mamiriro ezvinhu anogoneka kana mamwe epfungwa ari echokwadi panguva imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, chokwadi chekuti tichafa hachirevi chokwadi chekuti isu tinorarama mukufananidza, uye chokwadi chekuti budiriro zhinji haigadziri kuenzanisa.
13) Vanhu vakafananidzirwa uye nyika yakavapoteredza inogona kunge isingafananidzi chero vanhu chaivo kana nyika chaiyo zvachose, zvakakosha kuti vafunge kuti vari munyika chaiyo. Havasi kukwanisa kuona kusiyana kwacho nekuti havasati vamboona nyika chaiyo. Kana kuti kukwanisa kwavo kuona misiyano kunopera simba. Sezvinoitika muchiroto.
14) Pane muedzo wekuwana zviratidzo zvekufananidza munyika yedu, zvinoratidzwa sezvishamiso. Asi zvishamiso zvinogona kuitika pasina kuenzanisa.
15) Pane muenzaniso wehurongwa hwepasi rose hunobvisa dambudziko rakarongwa. (asi kwete pasina kupesana kwayo). Kureva, iyi ndiyo Castanevo-Buddhist modhi, apo mucherechedzi anobereka nyika yose.
16) Pfungwa yekufananidza inoreva kurerutsa. Kana simulation yacho yakarurama kune atomu, zvino ichava chokwadi chimwe chete. Mupfungwa iyi, munhu anogona kufungidzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo imwe budiriro yakadzidza kugadzira nyika dzakafanana dzine zvivakwa zvakapihwa. Munyika idzi, anogona kuita zviedzo zvechisikigo, achigadzira budiriro dzakasiyana. Kureva, chinhu chakafanana nechadenga zoo hypothesis. Idzi nyika dzakasikwa hadzizove dzekufananidza, sezvo dzichave dzechokwadi, asi dzichange dziri pasi pekutonga kwevakazvisika uye vanogona kudzibatidza nekudzima. Uye pachave neakawanda azvo, zvakare, saka zvakafanana manhamba kufunga kunoshanda pano senge mukufungidzira kufunga.
Chitsauko kubva kuchinyorwa "UFOs senjodzi yepasi rose":
UFOs glitches muMatrix
Maererano naN. Bostrom (Nick Bostrom. Uchapupu hweSimulation. ), mukana wekuti isu tinorarama munyika yakafananidzwa zvachose wakanyanya kukwirira. Ndiko kuti, nyika yedu inogona kunyatsoteedzerwa pakombuta neimwe mhando yehukuru-budiriro. Izvi zvinobvumira vanyori vekufananidza kugadzira chero mifananidzo mairi, ine zvinangwa zvisinganzwisisiki kwatiri. Mukuwedzera, kana chiyero chekutonga mukuenzanisa chakaderera, ipapo zvikanganiso zvichaungana mairi, sepaunenge uchimhanyisa komputa, uye kukundikana uye glitches kuchaitika izvo zvinogona kucherechedzwa. Varume vakapfeka zvitema vanoshanduka kuita Agent Smiths, vanodzima zvisaririra zvema glitches. Kana kuti vamwe vagari vekufananidza vanogona kuwana mukana kune mamwe asina kunyorwa magwaro. Tsananguro iyi inotibvumira kutsanangura chero zvingangoita seti yezvishamiso, asi haitsananguri chero chinhu chakananga - nei tichiona kuratidzwa kwakadaro uye kwete, toti, nzou dzepingi dzichibhururuka dzakatsikitsira. Njodzi huru ndeyokuti simulation inogona kushandiswa kuedza zvakanyanya mamiriro ekushanda kwehurongwa, kureva, mune njodzi modes, uye kuti simulation inongodzimwa kana ikanyanya kuoma kana kupedza basa rayo.
Nyaya huru pano ndiyo dhigirii rekutonga muMatrix. Kana isu tichitaura nezveMatrix pasi pekutonga kwakasimba, saka mukana wekusarongeka glitches mairi idiki. Kana iyo Matrix ikangotangwa uye yobva yasiiwa kumidziyo yayo, ipapo glitches mairi inoungana, sekunge glitches inoungana panguva yekushanda kweiyo sisitimu yekushandisa, sezvainoshanda uye sezvo zvirongwa zvitsva zvichiwedzerwa.
Sarudzo yekutanga inoshandiswa kana vanyori veMatrix vachifarira zvese zvese zvezviitiko zviri kuitika muMatrix. Muchiitiko ichi, ivo vanonyatso tarisa zvese glitches uye nekunyatsodzima. Kana ivo vachingofarira mugumisiro wekupedzisira weMatrix kana chimwe chezvikamu zvayo, ipapo kutonga kwavo kuchave kusina kusimba. Semuenzaniso, kana munhu achimhanya chirongwa che chess uye achienda kwezuva, anongofarira mugumisiro wepurogiramu, asi kwete mumashoko. Uyezve, panguva yekushanda kwechirongwa che chess, inogona kuverenga mitambo yakawanda chaiyo, nemamwe mazwi, nyika dzepasi. Mune mamwe mazwi, vanyori pano vanofarira mugumisiro wenhamba yebasa rezvienzaniso zvakawanda, uye vane hanya nezvenyaya yebasa reimwe simulation chete kusvika pamwero wekuti glitches haikanganisi chigumisiro chekupedzisira. Uye mune chero ruzivo rwakaoma ruzivo, imwe nhamba ye glitches inounganidza, uye sezvo kuoma kwegadziriro inokura, kuoma kwekubvisa kunowedzera kuwedzera. Nokudaro, zviri nyore kutsungirira kuvapo kwemamwe glitches pane kuvabvisa pamudzi.
Kupfuurirazve, zviri pachena kuti iyo seti yeakasununguka inodzorwa masisitimu yakakura kwazvo kupfuura seti yeayo akanyatso kudzora, sezvo isina kusimba inodzorwa masisitimu anotangwa muhuwandu hukuru apo anogona kugadzirwa zvakachipa ZVAKANAKA. Semuenzaniso, nhamba yemitambo ye chess yakakura kudarika mitambo yevanasekuru chaivo, uye nhamba yemagetsi ekushanda epamba yakakura kudarika nhamba yehurumende huru.
Saka, glitches muMatrix inogamuchirwa chero bedzi isingakanganisi kushanda kwese kwehurongwa. Zvakafanana muchokwadi, kana browser yangu font ikatanga kuoneka mune rumwe ruvara, saka ini handisi kuzotangazve komputa yese kana kuputsa iyo inoshanda sisitimu. Asi isu tinoona chinhu chimwe chete mukudzidza kweUFO uye zvimwe zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa! Pane chimwe chikumbaridzo chiri pamusoro icho kana zviitiko zvacho pachazvo kana resonance yavo yeruzhinji inogona kusvetuka. Pangosvika zvimwe zviitiko zvinotanga kusvika pachikumbaridzo ichi, ivo vanonyangarika, kana vanhu vatema vanoonekwa, kana zvinozoitika kuti yaive hoax, kana mumwe munhu anofa.
Ziva kuti kune marudzi maviri ekuenzanisa - yakazara yakazara yenyika uye yekuzvifananidza. Mune yekupedzisira, chiitiko chehupenyu chemunhu mumwe chete (kana boka diki revanhu) chinoteedzerwa. Mune I-simulation, iwe unowanzozviwana uri mubasa rinonakidza, asi mukuenzanisa kwakazara, 70 muzana yemagamba varimi. Nezvikonzero zvekucherekedza sarudzo, I-simulation inofanirwa kuve yakawanda kazhinji-kunyangwe kufunga uku kuchida kumwe kufunga. Asi muI-simulations, iyo UFO theme inofanira kutoiswa pasi, senge prehistory yese yenyika. Uye inogona kuverengerwa nechinangwa - kuongorora kuti ndichabata sei nyaya iyi.
Kupfuurirazve, mune chero ruzivo rwehurongwa, nekukurumidza kana gare gare, mavhairasi anooneka - ndiko kuti, parasitic ruzivo zvikamu zvine chinangwa chekuzvidzokorora. Zvikwata zvakadaro zvinogona kusimuka muMatrix (uye mukusaziva pamwe chete), uye yakavakirwa-mukati anti-virus chirongwa chinofanira kushanda pavari. Zvisinei, kubva muchiitiko chekushandisa makombiyuta uye kubva pane zvakaitika kune zvipenyu zvipenyu, tinoziva kuti zviri nyore kushivirira kuvapo kwehutachiona husingakuvadzi pane kuhuputira kusvika pakupedzisira. Uyezve, kuparadzwa kwakakwana kwehutachiona kazhinji kunoda kuparara kwehurongwa.
Nekudaro, zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti maUFO mavhairasi anoshandisa glitches muMatrix. Izvi zvinotsanangura kusava nemusoro kwemaitiro avo, sezvo hungwaru hwavo hushoma, pamwe nekusagadzikana kwavo pavanhu - sezvo munhu wega wega akapihwa imwe huwandu hwemakomputa zviwanikwa muMatrix inogona kushandiswa. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti vamwe vanhu vakatora mukana wekukanganisa muMatrix kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo, kusanganisira kusafa, asi ndizvo zvakaita zvisikwa kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemakomputa, semuenzaniso, kuenzanisa kwenyika dzakasiyana, dzakazopinda munyika yedu.
Mumwe mubvunzo ndewekuti ndeupi nhanho yekudzika kwekufananidza kwatingangove tiri mairi. Zvinogoneka kutevedzera nyika neatomu chaiyo, asi izvi zvinoda hukuru hwemakomputa zviwanikwa. Mumwe muenzaniso wakanyanyisa ndeye munhu wekutanga kupfura. Mariri, chifananidzo chetatu-dimensional yenzvimbo yacho inotorwa sezvinodiwa apo munhu mukuru anosvika panzvimbo itsva, zvichibva paurongwa huzhinji hwenzvimbo uye mamwe mazano makuru. Kana kuti ma blanks anoshandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye kudhirowa kwakaringana kwedzimwe nzvimbo kunofuratirwa (sezviri mufirimu "13th Floor"). Zviripachena, iyo yakanyatsojeka uye yakadzama yekufananidza, iyo shoma kazhinji inenge iine glitches. Nekune rimwe divi, zvidhori zvakaitwa "chimbichimbi" zvichava nezvakawanda zvinokanganisa, asi panguva imwechete zvinopedza zvisingaite zvishoma zviwanikwa zvekombuta. Mune mamwe mazwi, nemitengo yakafanana zvinogoneka kugadzira imwe chaiyo yekufananidza kana miriyoni ingangoita miriyoni. Kupfuurirazve, isu tinofungidzira kuti iwoyo musimboti unoshanda kune kuenzanisa kune zvimwe zvinhu: izvo, kuti iyo yakachipa chinhu, iyo yakajairika yakawanda (kureva, kune magirazi akawanda kupfuura madhaimondi munyika, akawanda meteorite kupfuura asteroids, uye T. e.) Saka, isu tinokwanisa kunge tiri mukati mekufananidza kwakachipa, kwakapfava, pane kuti tiri mukati meimwe yakaoma, yakanyanya-chaiyo simulation. Zvinogona kupokana kuti mune ramangwana risingaperi computing zviwanikwa zvichave zviripo, uye saka chero mutambi anomhanyisa akadzama simulations. Nekudaro, apa ndipo panowanikwa mhedzisiro yematryoshka simulations. Sezvineiwo, yepamberi simulation inogona kugadzira yayo yekufananidza, ngativadaidze yechipiri-level simulations. Ngatitii kuenzanisa kwepamberi kwepakati pezana remakore rechi21 nyika (yakagadzirwa, ngatiti, muzana remakore rechi23) inogona kugadzira mabhiriyoni ekuenzanisa kwekutanga kwezana remakore rechi21. Panguva imwecheteyo, achashandisa makomputa kubva pakati pezana ramakore rechi21, izvo zvichave zvishoma mukushandisa komputa zviwanikwa kupfuura makomputa e23rd century. (Uye zvakare iyo chaiyo yezana ramakore rechi23 ichachengetedza pakururama kwezvinyorwa, sezvo zvisina kukosha kwairi.) Naizvozvo, ese mabhirioni ekuenzanisa ekutanga kwezana ramakore rechi21 ayo achagadzira achave ane hupfumi zvakanyanya maererano nekombuta zviwanikwa. Nekuda kweizvi, huwandu hwekunyepedzera kwekutanga, pamwe nekuenzanisa kwekutanga maererano nenguva iri kuedzerwa, ichave yakakura zvakapetwa bhiriyoni pane iyo yakawedzera kutsanangurwa uye yakazoteedzera simulations, uye nekudaro mucherechedzi anopokana ane mukana wakapetwa bhiriyoni. yekuzviwana ari mune yekutanga (kusvika kusvika pakuuya kwemakomputa makuru anokwanisa kugadzira iwo ega ekufananidza) uye yakachipa uye yakawanda glitchy simulation. Uye maererano nemusimboti wekufungidzira wega-sampling, munhu wese anofanira kuzviona semumiriri wezvisikwa zvakawanda zvakafanana naye kana achida kuwana fungidziro yezvingangoita.
Imwe mukana ndeyokuti UFOs inotangwa nemaune muMatrix kuti inyengedze vanhu vanogara mairi uye vaone kuti vachaita sei nayo. Nekuti akawanda ekufungidzira, ndinofunga, akagadzirirwa kutevedzera nyika mune mamwe akakosha, akanyanya mamiriro.
Zvakadaro, iyi fungidziro haitsananguri iyo yese yakasiyana-siyana yekuratidzwa kweUFOs.
Ngozi iri pano ndeyekuti kana simulation yedu ikaremerwa nema glitches, varidzi vekuenzanisa vanogona kusarudza kuitangazve.
Chekupedzisira, tinogona kufunga "chizvarwa chinongoerekana chaitika cheMatrix" - ndiko kuti, kuti tinogara munzvimbo yekombuta, asi nharaunda iyi yakangoerekana yagadzirwa neimwe nzira pamavambo ekuvapo kwepasipasi pasina kuyananisira kwechero zvisikwa zvipenyu. . Kuti iyi hypothesis iwedzere kugutsikana, isu tinofanirwa kutanga tarangarira kuti maererano neimwe yetsanangudzo yechokwadi chemuviri, izvo zvekutanga zvimedu ndezve cellular automata - chimwe chinhu chakagadzikana musanganiswa mumutambo weHupenyu. (mutambo)
Mamwe mabasa naAlexey Turchin:
About Ontol
Ontol imepu inokutendera iwe kuti usarudze nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekugadzira yako maonero enyika.
Ontol yakavakirwa pane superposition yekuzvimiririra ongororo, ratidziro yezvinyorwa zvakaverengwa (zvakanakisa, mamirioni / mabhiriyoni evanhu). Munhu wega wega anotora chikamu muchirongwa anozvisarudzira kuti ndezvipi zvepamusoro 10/100 zvinhu zvakakosha zvaakaverenga / kuona mune zvakakosha zvehupenyu (kufunga, hutano, mhuri, mari, kuvimba, nezvimwewo) mumakore gumi apfuura kana ake. hupenyu hwose. Chii chinogona kugoverwa mu10 kudzvanya (zvinyorwa nemavhidhiyo, kwete mabhuku, hurukuro uye zviitiko).
Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira yeOntol ndeyekuwana 10x-100x nekukurumidza (kupfuura analogs aripo ewikipedia, quora, chats, chiteshi, LJ, injini dzekutsvaga) kune akakosha zvinyorwa nemavhidhiyo anozokanganisa hupenyu hwemuverengi ("Ah, ndinoshuva sei ini verenga chinyorwa ichi kare! Zvingangodaro, hupenyu hungadai hwakaenda zvakasiyana"). Yemahara kune vese vagari vepasi uye mu1 tinya.
- Teregiramu chiteshi:
- Webhu service prototype:
- Pamusoro paHabré:
- Pamhepo nezve kutanga kubva kuY Combinator:
Source: www.habr.com