Mhoro Habr! Muchinyorwa chino tichakuudza kana zvakakodzera kuronga RAID arrays zvichibva pane yakasimba-nyika mhinduro SATA SSD uye NVMe SSD, uye kuchave nepurofiti yakakomba kubva pane izvi? Takasarudza kutarisa munyaya iyi nekufunga nezvemhando nemhando dzevatongi vanobvumira izvi kuti zviitwe, pamwe chete nehupamhi hwekushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvakadaro.
Imwe nzira kana imwe, mumwe nemumwe wedu kamwechete muhupenyu hwedu akanzwa tsananguro dzakadai se "RAID", "RAID-array", "RAID-controller", asi hazvigoneke kuti takaisa kukosha kwakanyanya kune izvi, nekuti zvese izvi. hazvigoneke kune yakajairika PC boyar Inofadza. Asi munhu wese anoda kumhanya kwakanyanya kubva mukati madhiraivha uye kushanda-isina dambudziko. Mushure mezvose, zvisinei kuti hardware yekombuta ine simba rakadii, kumhanya kwedhiraivha kunova bhodhoro kana zvasvika pakubatanidzwa kwePC uye server.
Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvaiitika kusvika maHDD echinyakare atsiviwa neazvino maNVMe SSD ane hunyanzvi hwakafanana hwe1 TB kana kupfuura. Uye kana pakutanga mumaPC kwaiwanzo kusanganiswa kweSATA SSD + akati wandei ane capacious HDDs, nhasi ari kutanga kutsiviwa neimwe mhinduro - NVMe SSD + akati wandei eSATA SSDs. Kana tichitaura nezvemaseva emakambani uye "makore," vazhinji vakatobudirira kuenda kuSATA SSDs, nekuda kwekuti ivo vanokurumidza kupfuura akajairwa "matin cans" uye vanokwanisa kugadzirisa nhamba yakakura yeI / O mashandiro panguva imwe chete.
Nekudaro, kukanganisa kushivirira kwehurongwa kuchiri padanho rakaderera: isu hatigone, semu "Battle of Psychics," kufanotaura nekururama kweanosvika vhiki apo imwe solid-state drive ichafa. Uye kana maHDD "akafa" zvishoma nezvishoma, achikubvumira kubata zviratidzo uye kutora matanho, ipapo maSDD "anofa" pakarepo uye pasina yambiro. Uye ikozvino ndiyo nguva yekufunga kuti nei zvese izvi zvichidikanwa zvachose? Zvakakodzera here kuronga RAID arrays yakavakirwa pane yakasimba-nyika mhinduro SATA SSD uye NVMe SSD, uye pachave neyakakomba purofiti kubva pane izvi?
Sei uchida RAID array?
Iro iro izwi rekuti "array" rinotoreva kuti madhiraivha akati wandei (HDD neSSD) anoshandiswa kugadzira iyo, iyo inosanganiswa uchishandisa RAID controller uye inozivikanwa neOS sechinhu chimwe chete chekuchengetedza data. Basa repasi rose iro RAID arrays rinogona kugadzirisa kudzikisa nguva yekuwana data, kuwedzera kuverenga / kunyora nekukurumidza uye kuvimbika, iyo inowanikwa nekuda kwekugona kukurumidza kupora kana watadza. Nenzira, hazvitombodi kuti ushandise RAID kune ma backups epamba. Asi kana iwe uine yako sevha yekumba, kwaunoda kugara uchiwana 24/7, inyaya yakasiyana.
Kune anopfuura gumi nemaviri mazinga eRAID arrays, imwe neimwe inosiyana muhuwandu hwemadhiraivha anoshandiswa mairi uye ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira: semuenzaniso, RAID 0 inokutendera iwe kuti uwane kuita kwepamusoro pasina kukanganisa kushivirira, RAID 1 inokutendera iwe otomatiki girazi data pasina kuwedzera kumhanya, uye RAID 10 inosanganisa ine zvingave zviri pamusoro. RAID 0 uye 1 ndiyo yakapfava (sezvo isingade kuverenga software) uye, semhedzisiro, inonyanya kufarirwa. Pakupedzisira, sarudzo mukufarira imwe kana imwe nhanho yeRAID inoenderana nemabasa akapihwa kune dhisiki array uye kugona kweRAID controller.
Imba uye yekambani RAID: chii chakasiyana?
Hwaro hwebhizinesi ripi zvaro remazuva ano mavhoriyamu makuru e data anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa zvakachengeteka pamaseva ekambani. Uye zvakare, sezvatakaona pamusoro, ivo vanofanirwa kupihwa mukana wenguva dzose 24/7. Zviri pachena kuti, pamwe chete ne-hardware, chikamu chepurogiramu chakakoshawo, asi munyaya iyi tichiri kutaura nezvemichina inochengetedza kuchengetedza nekugadzirisa ruzivo. Hapana software inoponesa kambani kubva mukuparadzwa kana iyo hardware isingasangane nemabasa akapihwa kwairi.
Kune aya mabasa, chero mugadziri we Hardware anopa izvo zvinonzi bhizinesi zvishandiso. Kingston ine yakasimba solid-state mhinduro muchimiro cheSATA modhi ΠΈ , pamwe nemhando dzeNVMe DC1000M U.2 NVMe, DCU1000 U.2 NVMe uye DCP-1000 PCI-e, yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzedata uye macomputer makuru. Arrays yemadhiraivha akadaro anowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete nehardware controllers.
Kumusika wevatengi (kureva, kumaPC epamba uye maseva eNAS), madhiraivha akadai NVMe PCIe, asi mune iyi kesi hazvifanirwe kutenga mutongi wehardware. Iwe unogona kuzviganhurira iwe kuPC kana NAS sevha yakavakirwa mubhodhi reamai, kunze kwekunge iwe uchironga kuunganidza sevha yepamba iwe pachako kune atypical mabasa (kutanga imba diki yekutambira shamwari, semuenzaniso). Pamusoro pezvo, RAID arrays, sekutonga, haidi mazana kana zviuru zvemadhiraivha, achiganhurirwa kune maviri, mana uye masere zvishandiso (kazhinji SATA).
Mhando uye marudzi eRAID controller
Kune matatu marudzi eRAID controllers zvichienderana nemisimboti yekushandisa RAID arrays:
1. Software, umo array management inowira paCPU neDRAM (kureva kuti, purogiramu yekodhi inoitwa pane processor).
2. Yakabatanidzwa, kureva, yakavakirwa mumabhodhi ePC kana NAS server.
3. Hardware (modular), ayo ari discrete ekuwedzera makadhi ePCI/PCIe zvinongedzo pamabhodhi eamai.
Ndeupi musiyano wavo mukuru kubva kune mumwe nemumwe? Software RAID controllers yakaderera kune yakasanganiswa uye hardware iyo maererano nekuita uye kukanganisa kushivirira, asi haidi yakakosha michina kuti ishande. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti iyo host system's processor ine simba rakakwana kuti imhanye iyo RAID software isingakanganise kuita kwemaapplication ari kushandawo pane anotambira. Akabatanidzwa anodzora anowanzo kuve akashongedzerwa neyavo cache memory uye anoshandisa imwe huwandu hweCPU zviwanikwa.
Asi iyo hardware ine yavo yega cache memory uye yakavakirwa-mukati processor yekuitisa software algorithms. Kazhinji, ivo vanokutendera iwe kuita ese marudzi eRAID mazinga uye kutsigira akati wandei marudzi edhiraivha kamwechete. Semuenzaniso, vatongi vemazuva ano hardware kubva kuBroadcom vanogona kubatanidza SATA, SAS uye NVMe zvishandiso, izvo zvinokubvumira kuti usashandura mutongi paunenge uchivandudza mavhavha: kunyanya, kana uchifamba kubva kuSATA SSD kuenda kuNVMe SSD, vatongi havafaniri kuchinjwa.
Chaizvoizvo, pane ino chinyorwa tinouya kune typology yevatongi ivo pachavo. Kana paine matatu-modhi, panofanira kunge paine mamwe? Muchiitiko ichi, mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu ichava mune affirmative. Zvichienderana nemabasa uye kugona, RAID controller inogona kukamurwa kuita akati wandei marudzi:
1. Vatongi vemazuva ose vane RAID basa
Muchikamu chese, iyi ndiyo yakapusa controller iyo inokutendera kuti ubatanidze HDD neSSD muRAID arrays emazinga "0", "1" kana "0+1". Izvi zvinoitwa zvakarongwa padanho re firmware. Nekudaro, michina yakadaro haigone kukurudzirwa kuti ishandiswe muchikamu chekambani, nekuti haina cache uye haitsigire mitsara yemazinga "5", "3", nezvimwe. Asi kune yekupinda-level sevha yekumba ivo vakanyatsokodzera.
2. Vadzori vanoshanda pamwe chete nevamwe RAID controller
Rudzi urwu rwemutongi runogona kupetwa neakabatanidzwa mamaboard controller. Izvi zvinoitwa zvinoenderana neinotevera musimboti: discrete RAID controller inotarisira kugadzirisa "zvinonzwisisika" matambudziko, uye iyo yakavakirwa-mukati inotora mabasa ekuchinjana data pakati pemadhiraivha. Asi pane nuance: kushanda kwakafanana kwevatongi vakadaro kunogoneka chete pamabhodhi eamai anowirirana, zvinoreva kuti chiyero chavo chekushandisa chakaganhurirwa zvakanyanya.
3. Standalone RAID controllers
Aya ma discrete mhinduro ane mubhodhi ese anodiwa machipi ekushanda nemabhizinesi-kirasi maseva, aine yavo BIOS, cache memory uye processor yekumhanyisa kukanganisa kukanganisa uye kuverenga kwecheki. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanosangana nepamusoro-soro yekuvimbika maererano nekugadzira uye vane yepamusoro-mhando yekuyeuka modules.
4. Vatongi veRAID vekunze
Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira kuti ese ma controller akanyorwa pamusoro ndeemukati uye anogashira simba kuburikidza nePCIe yekubatanidza yebhodhi reamai. Izvi zvinorevei? Uye kutadza kwebhodhi reamai kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa mukushanda kweRAID array uye kurasikirwa kwedata. Vatongi vekunze vanosunungurwa kubva mukusanzwisisa uku, sezvo vachiiswa mune imwe nyaya ine yakazvimirira magetsi. Panyaya yekuvimbika, vatongi vakadaro vanopa iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yekuchengetedza data.
, Microsemi Adaptec, Intel, IBM, Dell uye Cisco angori mashoma emakambani ayo parizvino anopa Hardware RAID controllers.
Maitiro ekushandisa eRAID controllers SAS/SATA/NVMe
Chinangwa chikuru chevatatu-modhi HBA uye RAID controllers (kana vatongi vane Tri-Mode mashandiro) kugadzira NVMe-based hardware RAID. Broadcom's 9400 nhevedzano vatongi vanogona kuita izvi: semuenzaniso, . Iyo ndeyemhando yakazvimirira yeRAID controller, ine ina SFF-8643 zvibatanidza uye, nekuda kweTri-Mode rutsigiro, inokutendera kuti ubatanidze SATA/SAS uye NVMe madhiraivha panguva imwe chete. Pamusoro pezvo, iri zvakare imwe yeakanyanya-simba-anoshanda controller pamusika (ichingotora gumi nenomwe Watts esimba, iine isingasviki 17 Watts kune imwe neimwe ye1,1 ports).
Iyo yekubatanidza interface ndeye PCI Express x8 vhezheni 3.1, iyo inobvumira kubuda kwe64 Gbit/s (ma controller ePCI Express 2020 anotarisirwa kuoneka muna 4.0). Iyo 16-port controller yakavakirwa pane 2-core chip uye 72-bit DDR4-2133 SDRAM (4 GB), pamwe nekukwanisa kubatanidza kusvika ku240 SATA/SAS madhiraivha, kana kusvika 24 NVMe zvishandiso. Panyaya yekuronga RAID arrays, mazinga "0", "1", "5" uye "6", pamwe ne "10", "50" uye "60" anotsigirwa. Nenzira, cache memory uye mamwe ma controller ari mu9400 akatevedzana anodzivirirwa kubva kumagetsi kutadza neinosarudzika CacheVault CVPM05 module.
Iyo mitatu-modhi tekinoroji yakavakirwa paSerDes data shanduko basa: kushandura serial inomiririra yedata muSAS/SATA interfaces kuita yakafanana fomu muPCIe NVMe uye zvinopesana. Ndokunge, mutongi anotaurirana kumhanya uye mapuroteni kuti ashande zvisina musono nechero yemhando nhatu dzemidziyo yekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinopa nzira isina musono yekuyera data center zvivakwa: vashandisi vanogona kushandisa NVMe pasina kuita shanduko dzakakura kune mamwe masisitimu ehurongwa.
Nekudaro, pakuronga zvigadziriso nemadhiraivha eNVMe, zvakafanira kufunga kuti mhinduro dzeNVMe dzinoshandisa 4 PCIe nzira dzekubatanidza, zvinoreva kuti drive yega yega inoshandisa mitsetse yese yeSFF-8643 ports. Zvinoitika kuti madhiraivha mana chete eNVMe anogona kubatanidzwa zvakananga kuMegaRAID 9460-16i controller. Kana dzikamisa wega kune maviri NVMe mhinduro panguva imwe chete uchibatanidza masere SAS madhiraivha (ona yekubatanidza dhizaini pazasi).
Nhamba yacho inoratidza kushandiswa kwekubatanidza "0" (C0 / Connector 0) uye "1" yekubatanidza kweNVMe, pamwe nekubatanidza "2" uye "3" yeSAS yekubatanidza. Urongwa uhwu hunogona kudzoserwa kumashure, asi yega yega x4 NVMe drive inofanirwa kubatana uchishandisa nzira dziri padyo. Iyo controller inoshanda modes inoiswa kuburikidza neStorCLI kana Human Interface Infrastructure (HII) zvigadziriso zvekushandisa, zvinoshanda munzvimbo yeUEFI.
Iyo yakasarudzika modhi ndeye "PD64" mbiri (inotsigira chete SAS/SATA). Sezvatataura pamusoro, kune matatu maprofayiri akazara: iyo "SAS/SATA chete modhi" modhi (PD240 / PD64 / PD 16), iyo "NVMe chete modhi" (PCIe4) modhi uye yakasanganiswa modhi umo marudzi ese emadhiraivha. inogona kushanda: "PD64 -PCIe4" (rutsigiro rwe64 yemuviri uye chaiyo dhisiki ine 4 NVMe madhiraivha). Mune yakasanganiswa modhi, kukosha kweiyo profil yakataurwa inofanira kunge iri "ProfileID = 13". Nenzira, iyo yakasarudzwa profil inochengetwa seye tenzi uye haina kugadziridzwa kunyangwe ichidzokera kumafekitari marongero kuburikidza neiyo Set Factory Defaults command. Inogona chete kuchinjwa nemaoko.
Zvakakodzera here kugadzira RAID array pane SSD?
Saka, isu takatonzwisisa kuti RAID arrays ndiyo kiyi yekushanda kwepamusoro. Asi zvakakodzera here kuvaka RAID kubva kuSSD yekushandisa kumba uye nemakambani? Vazhinji vanokahadzika vanoti kuwedzera kwekumhanya hakuna kukosha zvakanyanya sekupaza paNVMe madhiraivha. Asi izvi ndizvo chaizvoizvo here? Kashoma. Iwo muganho mukuru wekushandisa maSSD muRAID (zvese kumba uye padanho rebhizinesi) ungangove iwo mutengo. Chero zvingataurwa nemunhu, mutengo wegigabyte yenzvimbo paHDD wakachipa zvakanyanya.
Kubatanidza akawanda akasimba mamiriro "madhiraivha" kune RAID controller kugadzira iyo SSD array inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakakura pakuita mune mamwe magadzirirwo. Nekudaro, usakanganwe kuti kuita kwakanyanya kunogumira nekubuda kweRAID controller pachayo. Iyo RAID nhanho inopa kuita kwakanyanya ndeye RAID 0.
Yakajairwa RAID 0 ine maSSD maviri, ayo anoshandisa nzira yekukamura data kuita mabhuraki akagadzika uye kuarovera padanho rakasimba rekuchengetedza, zvinoguma nekuita zvakapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa neiyo SSD imwe chete. Nekudaro, iyo RAID 0 array ine mana SSD ichave yatove nekukurumidza zvakapetwa kana kupfuura inononoka SSD muhurongwa (zvinoenderana nekumisikidzwa kwebandwidth paRAID SSD controller level).
Zvichienderana nearithmetic iri nyore, SATA SSD inomhanya zvakapetwa katatu pane yechinyakare SATA HDD. NVMe mhinduro dzakatonyanya kushanda - 3 nguva kana kupfuura. Zvichipa kuti madhiraivha maviri akaomarara ari zero-level RAID anoratidza kaviri kuita, achiwedzera ne10%, maviri SATA SSDs achaita 50 times nekukurumidza, uye maviri maNVMe SSD achakurumidza 6 times nekukurumidza. Kunyanya, imwe Kingston KC20 NVMe PCIe drive inogona kuwana kutevedzana kuverenga nekunyora kumhanya kusvika ku2000 MB/s, iyo muRAID 3200 fomati inosvika inonakidza 0 GB/s. Uye kumhanya kwekuverenga/kunyora kwemabhuroko asina kujairika e6 KB muhukuru inoshanduka kubva pa4 IOPS kuenda pa350 IOPS. Asi ... panguva imwe chete, "zero" RAID haitipi isu redundancy.
Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mumamiriro epamba, kuchengetedza redundancy kazhinji haidiwi, saka iyo yakanyanya kufanirwa RAID configuration yeSSDs inova RAID 0. Iyi inzira yakavimbika yekuwana zvakakosha kuvandudzwa kwekuita seimwe nzira yekushandisa matekinoroji seIntel Optane-based. SSDs. Asi isu tichataura nezve maitiro eSSD mhinduro mumhando dzinozivikanwa dzeRAID ("1", "5", "10", "50") muchinyorwa chedu chinotevera.
Ichi chinyorwa chakagadzirirwa nerutsigiro rwevatinoshanda navo kuBroadcom, avo vanopa vatongi vavo kuKingston mainjiniya kuti vaedzwe nebhizinesi-kirasi SATA/SAS/NVMe madhiraivha. Nekuda kweiyi hushamwari symbiosis, vatengi havafanirwe kupokana kuvimbika uye kugadzikana kweKingston dhiraivha neHBA uye RAID controller kubva mukugadzira. .
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve Kingston zvigadzirwa, ndapota shanya kambani.
Source: www.habr.com