Chii chinotora kuti kambani yeIT ibudirire muna 2019? Vadzidzisi pamisangano uye kumisangano vanotaura mazwi akawanda ane ruzha asingawanzo kunzwisiswa nevanhuwo zvavo. Kurwira nguva yekuendesa, microservices, kusiiwa kweiyo monolith, DevOps shanduko uye zvakawanda, zvimwe zvakawanda. Kana tikarasa runako rwemazwi uye tichitaura zvakananga uye muchiRussia, zvino zvese zvinosvika kune yakapusa thesis: gadzira chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro, uye uzviite nekunyaradza kwechikwata.
Iyo yekupedzisira yave yakakosha zvakanyanya. Bhizinesi rakazopedzisira rasvika pamhedziso yekuti nzira yekusimudzira yakagadzikana inowedzera kugadzirwa, uye kana zvese zvikagadziriswa uye zvichishanda sewachi, zvinopawo imwe nzvimbo yekufambisa mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Pane imwe nguva, nekuda kwekuita uku, mumwe munhu akangwara akauya nema backups, asi indasitiri iri kusimukira, uye takasvika kune mainjiniya eDevOps - vanhu vanoshandura maitiro ekudyidzana pakati pebudiriro nekunze kwezvivakwa kuita chimwe chinhu chakakwana uye. haina hukama neshamanism.
Iyi yose "modular" nyaya inoshamisa, asi ... Zvakazoitika kuti vamwe vevatongi vakangoerekana vanzi DevOps, uye DevOps mainjiniya ivo vakatanga kudiwa kuti vave nehunyanzvi hwekuita telepathy uye clairvoyance.
Tisati tataura nezvematambudziko emazuva ano ekupa zvivakwa, ngatitsanangure zvatiri kureva temu iyi. Parizvino, mamiriro ezvinhu akakura nenzira yekuti tasvika pahuviri hweiyi pfungwa: zvivakwa zvinogona kuve nemamiriro ekunze uye nemamiriro emukati.
Nezvivakwa zvekunze tinoreva zvese zvinovimbisa kushanda kwesevhisi kana chigadzirwa icho timu iri kuvandudza. Aya maapplication kana mawebhusaiti maseva, kutambira uye mamwe masevhisi anovimbisa kushanda kwechigadzirwa.
Zvivakwa zvemukati zvinosanganisira masevhisi uye zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa neboka rekusimudzira pacharo uye nevamwe vashandi, avo vanowanzove vakawanda. Aya maseva emukati emakodhi ekuchengetedza masisitimu, maneja akaiswa munharaunda uye zvese, zvese, zvese zviripo mukati mekambani intranet.
Ko system administrator anoita sei mukambani? Pamusoro pebasa rekutonga iyi intranet yemubatanidzwa, inowanzo takura mutoro wezvehupfumi kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwemidziyo yemuhofisi. Iye admin ndiye mukomana mumwechete uyo anokurumidza kudhonza new system unit kana spare laptop yakagadzirira kushandiswa kubva mukamuri yekuseri, opa kiyibhodhi nyowani uye kukambaira pamakumbo mana nemumahofisi, achitambanudza tambo yeEthernet. Mutariri ndiye muridzi wenzvimbo uye mutongi weasiri emukati nekunze maseva chete, asiwo mukuru webhizinesi. Ehe, vamwe vatariri vanogona kungoshanda mundege yehurongwa, pasina Hardware. Vanofanira kupatsanurwa kuita chikamu chakasiyana che "infrastructure system administrators." Uye vamwe vanonyanya kushandira midziyo yemuhofisi chete; nerombo rakanaka, kana kambani ine vanhu vanopfuura zana, basa hariperi. Asi hapana pakati pavo ari devops.
Ndivanaani DevOps? Devops vakomana vanotaura nezve kudyidzana kwekuvandudza software nekunze kwezvivakwa. Kunyanya, ma devops emazuva ano anobatanidzwa mukusimudzira uye kuendesa maitiro zvakadzika zvakanyanya kupfuura maadmins vakangoisa zvigadziriso kuftp vakambobatanidzwa. Rimwe remabasa akakosha einjiniya yeDevOps ikozvino kuve nechokwadi chekugadzika uye kurongeka kwakarongeka maitiro ekudyidzana pakati pezvikwata zvebudiriro uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira. Ndivo vanhu ava vane basa rekuendesa rollback uye deployment masisitimu; vanhu ava ndivo vanotora mamwe emutoro kubva kuvagadziri uye vanotarisa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pabasa ravo rakanyanya kukosha. Panguva imwecheteyo, ma devops haazombo mhanyisa tambo nyowani kana kuburitsa laptop nyowani kubva kukamuri yekuseri (c) KO
Chii chiri kubata?
Kumubvunzo wekuti "DevOps ndiani?" hafu yevashandi vari mumunda vanotanga kupindura chimwe chinhu senge "Zvakanaka, muchidimbu, uyu ndiye admin uyo ..." uyezve mune zvinyorwa. Hongu, pane imwe nguva, apo basa reinjiniya yeDevOps rakanga richingobuda kubva kune vane tarenda zvakanyanya vatariri maererano nekuchengetedza sevhisi, misiyano pakati pavo yakanga isiri pachena kune wese munhu. Asi ikozvino, kana mabasa e devops uye admin muchikwata ave akasiyana zvakanyanya, hazvitenderwe kuvavhiringidza ivo nemumwe, kana kutovaenzanisa.
Asi izvi zvinorevei kune bhizinesi?
Kuhaya, zvese nezvazvo.
Iwe unovhura nzvimbo ye "System Administrator", uye zvinodiwa zvakanyorwa ipapo "kudyidzana nebudiriro uye vatengi", "CI/CD delivery system", "kuchengetedza maseva nemidziyo yekambani", "kutonga kwemukati masisitimu" zvichingodaro. on; unonzwisisa kuti mushandirwi arikutaura zvisina basa. Inobata ndeyekuti panzvimbo ye "System Administrator" zita rekutsvaga rinofanira kunge riri "DevOps Engineer", uye kana zita iri rakashandurwa, zvose zvinowira munzvimbo.
Zvisinei, munhu anonzwa sei paanoverenga nzvimbo yakadaro? Kuti iyo kambani iri kutsvaga akawanda-muchina opareta anozoendesa zvese zviri zviviri shanduro yekutonga uye yekutarisa sisitimu uye anosvina twister nemeno ake...
Asi kuti usawedzere dhigirii rekupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka mumusika wevashandi, zvakakwana kudana nzvimbo nemazita avo chaiwo uye nekunzwisisa zvakajeka kuti injiniya yeDevOps uye maneja wehurongwa zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Asi chishuwo chisingadzoreki chevamwe vashandirwi chekupa runyoro rwakakura kwazvo rwezvinodiwa kune mumiriri zvinotungamira kune chokwadi chekuti "classic" system maneja vanomira kunzwisisa zviri kuitika pavari. Chii, basa riri kuchinja uye vari kumashure kwenguva?
Kwete kwete uye imwe nguva zvakare kwete. Vatungamiri vezvivakwa vanozobata maseva emukati ekambani, kana kutora L2/L3 zvinzvimbo zvekutsigira uye kubatsira vamwe vashandi, havana kuenda uye havasi kuzoenda.
Nyanzvi idzi dzinogona kuve mainjiniya eDevOps? Chokwadi vanogona. Muchokwadi, iyi inzvimbo yakabatana inoda hunyanzvi hwekutonga system, asi nekuwedzera kune izvi, shanda nekutarisa, kuendesa masisitimu uye, kazhinji, kudyidzana kwepedyo nebudiriro uye timu yekuyedza inowedzerwa.
Rimwe dambudziko reDevOps
Muchokwadi, zvese hazvina kugumira pakuhaya uye kugara kuvhiringidzika pakati pe admins uye devops. Pane imwe nguva, bhizinesi rakatarisana nedambudziko rekuunza zvigadziriso uye kupindirana kwechikwata chekusimudzira neiyo yekupedzisira zvivakwa.
Pamwe ndipo pakasimuka babamunini nemaziso anopenya padanho reimwe musangano ndokuti, βIsu tinoita izvi tozvidaidza kuti DevOps. Varume ava vachagadzirisa matambudziko ako eseβ- ndokutanga kutaura kuti hupenyu hwakanaka sei mukambani mushure mekuita maitiro eDevOps.
Nekudaro, hazvina kukwana kuhaya injiniya yeDevOps kuita kuti zvese zvishande sezvazvinofanirwa. Iyo kambani inofanirwa kuita shanduko yakakwana yeDevOps, kureva kuti, basa uye kugona kweDevOps yedu inofanirawo kunzwisiswa zvakajeka padivi rekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa uye timu yekuyedza. Tine nyaya "inoshamisa" pamusoro penyaya iyi inonyatsoratidza hutsinye hwese huri kuitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Mamiriro ezvinhu. DevOps inodiwa kuendesa vhezheni rollback system pasina kunyatso ongorora kuti ichashanda sei. Ngatifungei kuti mukati meVashandisi sisitimu kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzezita rekutanga, rekupedzisira uye password. Shanduro itsva yechigadzirwa inobuda, asi kune vanogadzira, "rollback" inongova wand yemashiripiti inogadzirisa zvinhu zvose, uye havatombozivi kuti inoshanda sei. Saka, semuenzaniso, muchigamba chinotevera vagadziri vakabatanidza minda yekutanga uye yekupedzisira zita, vakaitenderedza mukugadzira, asi shanduro inononoka kune chimwe chikonzero. Chii chiri kuitika? Management inouya ku devops uye inoti "Dhonza switch!", kureva kuti, inomukumbira kuti adzoke kushanduro yapfuura. Chii chinonzi devops? Inotenderera ichidzokera kune yakapfuura vhezheni, asi sezvo vagadziri vacho vaisada kufunga kuti iyi rollback yakaitwa sei, hapana akaudza timu ye devops kuti dhatabhesi raidawo kudzoserwa kumashure. Somugumisiro, zvinhu zvose zvinokanganisa kwatiri, uye panzvimbo yewebsite inononoka, vashandisi vanoona kukanganisa kwe "500", nokuti shanduro yekare haishande neminda ye database itsva. Devops haazive nezve izvi. Vagadziri vakanyarara. Iwo manejimendi anotanga kurasikirwa netsinga nemari uye anorangarira mabhegi, achipa kudzoreredza kubva kwavari kuitira kuti "chimwe chinhu chishande." Nekuda kweizvozvo, vashandisi vanorasikirwa nedata ravo rese nekufamba kwenguva.
Iyo nzungu, hongu, inoenda kune devops, iyo "haina kuita yakakodzera rollback system," uye hapana ane hanya kuti moose mune ino nyaya vagadziri.
Mhedziso iri nyore: pasina nzira yakajairwa kuDevOps sekudaro, haina basa shoma.
Chinhu chikuru chekuyeuka: injinjiniya yeDevOps haisi mashiripiti, uye pasina kutaurirana kwemhando uye nzira mbiri dzekudyidzana nebudiriro, haagone kubata nemabasa ake. MaDevs haagone kusiiwa ega ne "matambudziko" avo kana kupihwa murairo "usapindirane nevagadziri, basa ravo nderekunyora," uye wozotarisira kuti panguva yakaoma zvese zvichashanda sezvazvinofanira. Handiwo mashandiro azvinoita.
Chaizvoizvo, DevOps inyanzvi pamuganho pakati pemanejimendi uye tekinoroji. Zvakare, zviri kure nekujeka kuti panofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi tekinoroji kupfuura manejimendi mune iyi cocktail. Kana iwe uchida zvechokwadi kuvaka nekukurumidza uye nekuita budiriro maitiro, iwe unofanirwa kuvimba nechikwata chako che devops. Anoziva maturusi akakodzera, akaita mapurojekiti akafanana, anoziva maitirwo azvo. Mubatsire, teerera mazano ake, usaedza kumuparadzanisa mune imwe mhando yezvimiririra unit. Kana ma admins achigona kushanda ega, saka ma devops haana basa mune iyi kesi; ivo havazokwanisi kukubatsira kuti uve nani kana iwe pachako usingade kugamuchira iyi rubatsiro.
Uye chinhu chekupedzisira: rega kugumbura vatariri vezvivakwa. Ivo vane yavo, yakakosha pamberi pebasa. Hongu, mutungamiri anogona kuva injiniya weDevOps, asi izvi zvinofanira kuitika pakukumbira kwemunhu pachake, uye kwete pasi pekumanikidzwa. Uye hapana chakaipa nenyaya yekuti maneja wehurongwa anoda kuramba ari maneja wehurongwa - iri ibasa rake rakasiyana uye kodzero yake. Kana iwe uchida kuita shanduko yehunyanzvi, saka haufanirwe kukanganwa kuti iwe uchafanirwa kuvaka kwete chete hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji, asiwo manejimendi. Sezvingabvira zvikuru, zvichava kwauri somutungamiri kuunganidza vanhu vose ivava pamwe chete ndokuvadzidzisa kutaura mumutauro mumwe chetewo.
Source: www.habr.com