Π Isu takagadzikana pamusoro pekuti mune iri kure yemagetsi yekuvhota system yatiri kufunga, cryptographic "bofu yemagetsi siginecha" algorithm inoshandiswa kuve nechokwadi chekuvanzika kwekuvhota uye kusazivisa muvhoti. Munyaya ino tichazvitarisa zvakadzama.
Kutanga, ngatitendeukei kune inozivikanwa uye inozivikanwa yemagetsi siginecha algorithm, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumasisitimu eruzivo nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Iyo yemagetsi siginecha yakavakirwa pa cryptographic asymmetric encryption algorithms. Asymmetric encryption ndeye encryption uchishandisa 2 makiyi: imwe yacho inoshandiswa kuvharidzira, imwe yekunyora. Ivo vanonzi vhura (yeruzhinji) uye yakavanzika kiyi. Kiyi yeruzhinji inozivikanwa kune vamwe, uye kiyi yakavanzika inozivikanwa chete kune muridzi wemagetsi siginecha uye inochengetwa munzvimbo isingasvikike kune vamwe.
Kana kusaina, zvinotevera zvinoitika: kutanga, gwaro remagetsi, uchishandisa shanduko yemasvomhu, inoderedzwa kusvika kutevedzana kwemavara ehumwe hukuru - iyi inonzi hash basa.
Iyo inokonzeresa kutevedzana kwehunhu (hashi kubva mugwaro) yakavharidzirwa neanotumira gwaro achishandisa kiyi yakavanzika uye, pamwe nekiyi yeruzhinji, inotumirwa kune anogamuchira. Iye anogamuchira anobvisa kutevedzana kwehunhu achishandisa kiyi yeruzhinji, anoshandisa chaiyo hashi basa kune gwaro, uye anoenzanisa mhedzisiro yekutendeuka nemhedzisiro yekudzima. Kana zvese zvichienderana, saka hapana shanduko yakaitwa kugwaro mushure mekunge rasainwa neanotumira.
Zviito zvakatsanangurwa zvinokutendera kuti uone kuti gwaro harina kuchinjwa, asi hazvikubvumidze kuti uone kuti mutumiri ndiye chaiye waanoti ndiye. Naizvozvo, isu tinoda wechitatu bato rinovimbwa nevose vanotumira uye neanogamuchira. Kuti aite izvi, asati atumira gwaro, anotumira anobata wechitatu uye anomukumbira kuti asaine kiyi yake yeruzhinji nesiginicha yake yemagetsi. Iye zvino anotumira anotumira mugamuchiri gwaro, kiyi yake yeruzhinji, uye siginicha yemunhu wechitatu yekiyi yake. Iye anenge atambira anosimbisa siginicha yemunhu wechitatu pakiyi yeruzhinji uye anovimba nesaina yegwaro rinenge rabuda.
Zvino ngatienderere mberi kune chinonzi "bofu siginicha" uye kuti ingatibatsira sei nekusazivikanwa.
Ngatimbofungidzirai kuti mumuenzaniso watsanangurwa pamusoro, mutumiri ndiye muvhoti, gwaro ivhoti, uye anenge agamuchira ndiye komisheni yesarudzo, kana sezvatakataura "chikamu chekuverenga mavhoti." Tichava nechikamu che "Voter List" sevechitatu bato (validator). Muchiitiko ichi, nzira inogona kuitika sezvinotevera.
Muvhoti anogadzira maviri emakiyi pamudziyo wake - zvakavanzika uye zveveruzhinji. Sezvo makiyi aya akagadzirwa pamudziyo wake wega mubrowser, anozivikanwa kwaari chete.
Achishandisa makiyi aya, achasaina vhoti kuti adzore kuperera kwaro. Anotumira vhoti yakasainwa uye kiyi yeruzhinji kune komisheni yesarudzo. Kuti vhoti rigamuchirwe neDistributed Vote Storage and counting component, zvinofanirwa kuona kuti kiyi yeruzhinji yakasainwa neanosimbisa.
Mumiriri (Voter List component) anosaina kiyi yeruzhinji chete mushure mekuona kuti muvhoti ari pagwaro revavhoti.
Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuchengetedza kuvanzika kwekuvhota, kiyi yeruzhinji yemuvhoti yakagadzirwa pamudziyo wake haifanirwe kuzivikanwa kune chero munhu. Zvinoitika kuti mugadziri anofanirwa kusaina chimwe chinhu chaasingazive. Basa racho rinoita serisingagoneki, asi pano cryptographic algorithms inouya kuzonunura - mune iyi kesi, iyo "bofu siginecha" algorithm.
Chekutanga, kiyi yeruzhinji inofanirwa kuvharwa pamudziyo wemuvhoti. Masking kuita kwemunhu ega masvomhu mashandiro pamudziyo wemushandisi. Fungidzira kuti wafunga nhamba isina kurongeka kubva pa1 kusvika pa100, wobva wafunga nhamba yechipiri isina kurongeka kubva pa1 kusvika pa10 uye chetatu, kubva pa10 kusvika pa50, yasimudza nhamba yepfungwa yekutanga kusimba renhamba yechipiri, ndokuipatsanura pasina. mumwe asara wechitatu. Mugumisiro wacho wakashumwa kune vamwe. Hazvizove zvakaoma kuti iwe udzorere nhamba yepakutanga, sezvo iwe uchiziva kutevedzana kwezviito uye nhamba dzaunofunga. Asi avo vakakukomberedza havazogoni kuita izvi.
Masking (kupofumadza) kwekiyi yeruzhinji inoitwa zvinoenderana neyakakosha cryptographic algorithm. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mugadzirisi anosaina kiyi yeruzhinji yakavharwa asingazive kiyi yekutanga. Asi chinoshamisira chealgorithm ndechekuti mushandisi (muvhoti), agamuchira siginecha yekiyi yakavharwa, anogona kuita shanduko yekudzosera uye kuwana siginecha inoshanda kune yekutanga, kiyi isina kuvharwa.
Iyo yakatsanangurwa algorithm inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaprotocol ekuvhota zvakavanzika. Iyo iri kure yemagetsi yekuvhota sisitimu parizvino inoshandisa iyo algorithm yeRSA ine kiyi yekureba ye4096 bits yekusaina mapofu.
Kazhinji, nzira yekusazivikanwa ndeyekutevera.
- Kana vhoti yagadzirwa, yakaparadzana "validator" kiyi pairi inogadzirwa, uye kiyi yeruzhinji inonyorwa mu blockchain. Makiyi maviri akasiyana anogadzirwa pavhoti yega yega.
- Mushandisi anozivikanwa muchirongwa chekuzivikanwa (munyaya iyi, muESIA), uye anopa mvumo yekuendesa data rake rekuzivikanwa kubva kuhurongwa hwekuzivikanwa kuenda kuDEG PTC.
- Iyo "Voter List" chikamu cheDEG PTC chinotarisa kuvepo kwemushandisi mugwaro revavhoti.
- Pamudziyo wemushandisi, makiyi ake ega anogadzirwa - akavanzika uye eruzhinji, anozivikanwa kwaari chete.
- Kiyi yeruzhinji yakavharwa pamudziyo wemushandisi
- Pamwe chete nedata rekuzivikanwa uye kiyi yeruzhinji yakavharidzirwa, mushandisi anowana chikamu che "Voter List"
- Icho chikamu chinotarisa zvakare kuvepo kwemushandisi mune rondedzero uye chokwadi chekuti anga asati agamuchira siginecha.
- Kana macheki ese akabudirira, kiyi inosainwa
- Chokwadi chekusaina kiyi chakanyorwa mu blockchain
- Mushandisi pamudziyo wake anobvisa chifukidzo kubva pakiyi yeruzhinji uye anogamuchira kiyi yakavanzika, kiyi yeruzhinji uye siginicha pakiyi yeruzhinji, uye makiyi ese anozivikanwa kwaari chete.
- Mushure meizvi, mushandisi anotamiswa kune imwe nzvimbo isingazivikanwe - kune yakaparadzana webhusaiti edg2020.gov.ru, uko zvisingabviri kumuziva (semuenzaniso, pamberi pekuchinja anogona kubatanidza VPN kana kushandura mupi wake weInternet, achichinja zvachose IP kero)
- Kugamuchirwa kwevhoti kunongoenderana chete nekuti siginicha ye "validator" yakasimbiswa uye kana kiyi yakadaro isati yamboshandiswa.
Zvadaro, tinopa tsananguro yegorgorithm kubva pakuona kwe cryptography.
Sarudzo uye masiginecha sarudzo:
M - muFDN padding fomati yekusaina.
Source: www.habr.com