Kumwe kutarisa kumakore. Chii chinonzi gore rega?

Kukura kwesimba remakomputa uye kuvandudzwa kwe x86 papuratifomu virtualization tekinoroji kune rumwe rutivi, uye kupararira kweIT kunze kwerumwe rutivi, kwakatungamira kune pfungwa yekushandisa komputa (IT sevhisi sevhisi). Wadii kubhadhara IT nenzira yakafanana neyemvura kana magetsi - chaizvo chaizvo uye chaizvo paunoda, uye hapasisina.

Panguva ino, pfungwa ye cloud computing yakaonekwa - kushandiswa kweIT masevhisi kubva ku "gore", i.e. kubva kune imwe dziva rekunze rezviwanikwa, pasina hanya kuti zviwanikwa izvi zvinobva kupi kana kupi. Senge isu tisina hany'a nezvezvivakwa zvepombi dzemvura dzekushandisa. Panguva ino, rimwe divi repfungwa rakanga raitwa - iro pfungwa yeIT masevhisi uye maitiro ekuabata mukati meiyo ITIL / ITSM.

Tsanangudzo dzinoverengeka dzemakore (cloud computing) dzakagadzirwa, asi hadzifanirwe kubatwa sechokwadi chekupedzisira - ingori nzira yekugadzira nzira dzekupa utility komputa.

• "Cloud computing ndeye yakagoverwa data processing tekinoroji umo zviwanikwa zvekombuta uye simba zvinopihwa kumushandisi sebasa reInternet" Wikipedia.
• "Cloud computing inopa modhi yekupa nyore, network-yakavakirwa kuwana kune yakagovaniswa dziva re-inodiwa, inogadziriswa komputa zviwanikwa (semuenzaniso, network, maseva, chengetedzo, maapplication, uye masevhisi) anogona kukurumidza kupihwa uye kupihwa manejimendi mashoma. kushanda nesimba kana kupindira. mupi webasa" NIST
• TS EN ISO/IEC 17788: 2014 "Cloud computing paradigm yekupa network yekuwana kune scalable uye inochinjika dziva rezvakagoverwa zvemuviri kana chaiwo zviwanikwa, kuzvishandira uye zvinotarisirwa pazvinodikanwa." Tekinoroji yeruzivo - Cloud computing - Overview uye mazwi.

Maererano neNIST, kune marudzi matatu makuru emakore:

1. IaaS - Infrastructure seSevhisi
2. PaaS - Platform seSevhisi - Platform sevhisi
3. SaaS - Software seSevhisi

Kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakareruka kwemutsauko, ngatitarisei iyo Pizza-as-a-Sevhisi modhi:

NIST inotsanangura zvinotevera zvinodiwa zveIT sevhisi kuti itariswe segore-yakavakirwa.

• Universal network yekuwana (yakakura netiweki yekuwana) - iyo sevhisi inofanirwa kuve neyepasirese network interface inobvumira chero chero munhu kuti abatanidze uye ashandise sevhisi nezvidiki zvinodiwa. Muenzaniso - kushandisa 220V magetsi network, zvakakwana kubatanidza kune chero soketi ine yakajairwa universal interface (plug), iyo isingachinji ingave kettle, vacuum cleaner kana laptop.
• Kuyerwa sevhisi - hunhu hunokosha hwebasa regore ndiko kuyerwa kwesevhisi. Kudzokera kukuenzanisa nemagetsi, iwe uchabhadhara zvakanyanya sezvawakadya ne granularity shoma, kusvika pamutengo wekubika kettle kamwe chete, kana iwe uri mumba kamwe chete pamwedzi wose uye wakanwa kapu yetii.
• Kuzvigadzirisa kwesevhisi pane zvinodiwa (pakuda kuzvishandira) - mupi wegore anopa mutengi mukana wekugadzirisa zvine hungwaru sevhisi, pasina chikonzero chekutaurirana nevashandi veanopa. Kuti ubike ketero, hazvidikanwi zvachose kubata Energosbyt nguva isati yasvika uye kuvanyevera mberi uye kuwana mvumo. Kubva panguva iyo imba yakabatana (chibvumirano chinopedzwa), vese vatengi vanogona kuzvimiririra kutonga simba rakapihwa.
• Instant elasticity (nekukurumidza elasticity) - mupi wegore anopa zviwanikwa nekukwanisa kuwedzera ipapo / kudzikisa huwandu (mukati memimwe miganhu inonzwisisika). Pakarepo kettle yakavhurwa, mupi anongopa 3 kW yesimba kune network, uye pakarepo painodzimwa, inoderedza kubuda kusvika zero.
• Resource pooling - nzira dzemukati dzemupi webasa dzinoita kuti zvikwanisike kubatanidza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira muganho mune imwe dziva rezviwanikwa pamwe nekupihwazve kwezviwanikwa sesevhisi kune vatengi vakasiyana. Kana tikabatidza ketero, isu hatinyanyonetsekana kuti simba rinobva kupi. Uye vamwe vese vatengi vanopedza simba iri pamwe chete nesu.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti maitiro egore anotsanangurwa pamusoro haana kutorwa kubva mumhepo yakatetepa, asi imhedziso ine musoro kubva kune iyo pfungwa yekushandisa komputa. Uye basa rehurumende rinofanira kuva nemaitiro aya mukati mehutano hwepfungwa. Kana imwe kana humwe hunhu husingaenderane, sevhisi haina kuipa uye haiite "chepfu", inongorega kuve nemakore. Zvakanaka, ndiani akati masevhisi ese anofanira?

Sei ndiri kutaura pamusoro peizvi zvakasiyana? Mumakore gumi apfuura kubvira tsananguro yeNIST yakaunzwa, pave paine gakava rakawanda nezve "kunaya kwechokwadi" sekutsanangurwa kwazvino. MuUnited States, kuumbwa "kunopindirana netsamba yemutemo, asi kwete mweya" dzimwe nguva kuchiri kushandiswa munzvimbo yekutonga - uye kana iri cloud computing, chinhu chikuru mweya, zviwanikwa zvekurenda muzvikamu zviviri. kudzvanya kwembeva.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti iwo ari pamusoro 5 maitiro anoshanda kune yeruzhinji gore, asi kana uchienda kune yakavanzika gore, mazhinji acho anova sarudzo.

• Universal network yekuwana (yakafara network yekuwana) - mukati megore rakavanzika, sangano rine kutonga kwakazara pamusoro pezvivakwa zvinogadzira uye vatengi vatengi. Saka, hunhu uhwu hunogona kutorwa sekuti hwakazadzikiswa otomatiki.
• Kuyerwa sevhisi chinhu chakakosha cheiyo utility komputa pfungwa, kubhadhara kunoenderana nekushandisa. Asi sangano ringazvibhadhara sei? Muchiitiko ichi, pane kupatsanurwa kwechizvarwa uye kushandiswa mukati mekambani, IT inova mupi, uye mabhizinesi emayuniti anova vatengi vebasa. Uye kugadzirisana kunoitika pakati pemadhipatimendi. Maviri ekushandisa maitiro anogoneka: kubhadharisa (nechaiyo mutual kugarisana uye kufamba kwemari) uye showback (nenzira yekuzivisa nezvekushandisa zviwanikwa mumaRubles, asi pasina kufamba kwemari).
• Pachido chekuzvishandira - panogona kunge paine yakagovaniswa sevhisi yeIT mukati mesangano, mune izvo hunhu husina zvahunoreva. Nekudaro, kana iwe uine yako wega IT nyanzvi kana vatariri vezvikumbiro muzvikamu zvebhizinesi, unofanirwa kuronga wega-sevhisi portal. Mhedziso - hunhu hunosarudzika uye hunoenderana nehurongwa hwebhizinesi.
• Instant elasticity (kukurumidza elasticity) - mukati mesangano, inorasikirwa nezvainoreva nekuda kweiyo yakagadziriswa seti yemidziyo yekuronga gore rega. Inogona kushandiswa kune zvishoma mukati mekugara kwemukati. Mhedziso - haishande kune yakavanzika gore.
• Resource pooling - nhasi kune chero masangano asingashandise server virtualization. Saizvozvo, hunhu uhu hunogona kutorwa sekuti hwakazadzikiswa otomatiki.

Mubvunzo: Saka gore rako rakavandika nderei? Chii chinodiwa nekambani kutenga uye kushandisa kuti ivake?

Mhinduro: iyo yakavanzika gore ndeyekuchinjika kune itsva manejimendi modhi yeIT-Business yekudyidzana, iyo ine 80% yekutonga matanho uye chete 20% tekinoroji.

Kubhadhara chete zviwanikwa zvakadyiwa uye nyore kupinda, pasina kuviga mazana emamiriyoni emafuta mumari yekushandisa, zvakatungamira kune nyowani tekinoroji mamiriro uye kubuda kwemakambani emabhirioni. Semuyenzaniso, hofori dzemazuvano Dropbox uye Instagram dzakaonekwa sekutanga paAWS ine zero zvivakwa zvavo.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa zvakapatsanurwa kuti Cloud sevhisi manejimendi maturusi ari kuita zvakanyanya zvisina kunanga, uye basa rakakosha reIT director riri kuita sarudzo yevatengesi uye kutonga kwemhando. Ngatitarisei matambudziko emabasa maviri matsva aya.

Sezvo yabuda seimwe nzira kune yekare inorema zvivakwa neayo data nzvimbo uye Hardware, makore ane hunyengeri hunyoro. Zviri nyore kupinda mugore, asi nyaya yekubuda inowanzo dziviswa. Sezvimwe mune chero imwe indasitiri, vanopa makore vanoyedza kuchengetedza bhizinesi uye kuita kuti kukwikwidza kuome. Iyo chete yakakomba nguva yemakwikwi inomuka chete panguva yekutanga kusarudzwa kwegore sevhisi, uye ipapo mutengesi achaita zvese kuedza kuona kuti mutengi haamusiye. Uyezve, hakusi kuedza kwese kuchave kwakanangana nemhando yemasevhisi kana huwandu hwavo. Chokutanga pane zvose, uku ndiko kuendeswa kwemabasa akasiyana-siyana uye kushandiswa kwe-non-standard system software, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuchinja kune mumwe mupi. Saizvozvo, pakusarudza mupi webasa, zvinodikanwa kuti panguva imwe chete ugadzire hurongwa hwekuchinja kubva kune uyu mutengesi (chaizvoizvo DRP yakazara-yakazara chirongwa chekudzoreredza njodzi) uye funga kuburikidza nemagadzirirwo ekuchengetedza data uye makopi ekuchengetedza.

Chechipiri chakakosha chebasa idzva reIT director kutarisa kunaka kwesevhisi kubva kumutengesi. Vanenge vese vanopa makore vanoteedzera maSLA zvinoenderana neavo emukati metrics, ayo anogona kuve neakanyanya kukanganisa maitiro ebhizinesi remutengi. Uye nekudaro, kuita kweyako yekutarisa uye yekudzora sisitimu inova imwe yemapurojekiti akakosha kana uchiendesa akakosha IT masisitimu kune wegore anopa. Kuenderera mberi nemusoro weSLA, zvinofanirwa kusimbisa kuti ruzhinji rwevanopa makore vanodzikamisa mutoro wekutadza kuzadzisa SLA kumubhadharo wepamwedzi wekubhadhara kana chikamu chekubhadhara. Semuyenzaniso, AWS neAzure, kana chikumbaridzo chekuwanikwa che95% (maawa makumi matatu nematanhatu pamwedzi) chakapfuurwa, ichapa 36% kuderedzwa pamubhadharo wekunyoresa, uye Yandex.Cloud - 100%.

https://yandex.ru/legal/cloud_sla_compute/

Uye zvechokwadi, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti makore haasi kungoitwa chete neAmazon-class mastodons uye Yandex-class elephants. Makore anogonawo kuve madiki - saizi yekatsi kana mbeva. Sezvakaratidzwa neCloudMouse muenzaniso, dzimwe nguva gore rinongomira uye kupera. Iwe haugamuchire muripo, hapana kuderedzwa - hapana chauchagamuchira kunze kwekurasikirwa kwedata rese.

Tichifunga nezvematambudziko ari pamusoro nekushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro bhizinesi yakakosha IT masisitimu mumafu ehupfumi, chiitiko che "cloud repatriation" chakaonekwa mumakore achangopfuura.

Pakazosvika 2020, cloud computing yakapfuura pamusoro petarisiro yakawedzerwa uye pfungwa iri munzira kuenda kugomba rekuodzwa mwoyo (maererano neGartner hype cycle). Maererano nekutsvakurudza IDC и 451 Tsvaga kusvika ku80% yevatengi vemakambani vanodzoka uye kuronga kudzorera mitoro kubva kumakore kuenda kune yavo yedata nzvimbo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera:

• Kuvandudza kuwanikwa / kuita;
• Deredza mari;
• Kutevedzera zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza ruzivo.

Chii chekuita uye kuti zvese "chaizvo" zviri sei?

Hapana mubvunzo kuti makore ari pano kwenguva refu. Uye gore negore basa ravo richawedzera. Nekudaro, isu hatirarame mune ramangwana riri kure, asi muna 2020 mune yakananga mamiriro. Chii chekuita nemakore kana usiri wekutanga, asi mutengi wekambani weklass?

1. Gore rinonyanya inzvimbo yemasevhisi ane zvinhu zvisingatarisike kana zvakanyanya mwaka.
2. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, masevhisi ane fungidziro, yakagadzikana mutoro akachipa kuchengetedza mune yako wega data data.
3. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti utange kushanda nemakore ane bvunzo nharaunda uye yakaderera-yekutanga masevhisi.
4. Kufunga nezvekuisa masisitimu eruzivo mugore kunotanga nekugadzira nzira yekubuda mugore kune rimwe gore (kana kudzokera kunzvimbo yako yedata).
5. Kuisa system yeruzivo mugore kunotanga nekugadzira backup scheme yezvivakwa zvaunotonga.

Source: www.habr.com