ichi Leslie Lamport - munyori wemabasa akakosha mukombuta yakagoverwa, uye iwe unogona zvakare kumuziva nemabhii La mushoko LaTeX - "Lamport TeX". Akanga ari iye kekutanga, kumashure muna 1979, akaunza pfungwa iyi kuwirirana kunoenderana, uye chinyorwa chake "Maitiro Ekugadzira Multiprocessor Kombuta Inonyatsoita Multiprocess Zvirongwa" yakagamuchira Dijkstra Mubairo (chaizvoizvo, mu2000 mubairo wakanzi nenzira yekare: "PODC Influential Paper Award"). Pane nezvake Wikipedia chinyorwa, kwaunogona kuwana zvimwe zvinongedzo zvinonakidza. Kana iwe uchinakidzwa nekugadzirisa matambudziko pane zvinoitika-pamberi kana matambudziko evakuru veByzantine (BFT), ivo vanofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti Lamport ari kuseri kwezvose.

Uye achakurumidza kuuya kumusangano wedu mutsva pamusoro pekuparadzirwa komputa - Hydra, iyo ichaitwa July 11-12 muSt. Ngationei kuti imhuka yakaita sei.

Hydra 2019

Misoro yakaita semultithreading ndeimwe yemisoro inopisa pamisangano yedu, yagara iri. Imba iyi yakanga ichangosiiwa, asi ipapo munhu anooneka pachikuva achitaura nezvemuenzaniso wekuyeuka, zvinoitika-pamberi kana kuti multi-threaded kuunganidzwa kwemarara uye - boom! - vatove pasi pechiuru chevanhu vanotora nzvimbo yese iripo yekugara pasi nekunyatsoteerera. Chii chinonzi budiriro iyi? Zvichida chokwadi chekuti isu tese tine pamaoko edu imwe mhando yehardware inokwanisa kuronga yakagoverwa komputa? Kana kuti ndezvekuti isu tisinganzwisise kusakwanisa kwedu kuiisa pakukosha kwayo chaiko? Pane nyaya chaiyo yeimwe St. Petersburg quantum (ndiko kuti, muongorori wehuwandu hwemari uye mugadziri), uyo akaguma ane computing cluster mumaoko ake, simba rakazara iro rinogona kungoshandiswa naye oga. Uye chii chaungaita kana ukaita mabasa ako nehunyanzvi zvakapetwa kakawanda kupfuura zvino?

Nekuda kwemukurumbira uyu, musoro wekuita uye kushanda zvakanaka komputa unowanzo kupararira muchirongwa chemusangano. Mangani emazuva maviri emishumo anogona kuitwa nezvekuita - chikamu chimwe muzvitatu, zviviri muzvitatu? Mune dzimwe nzvimbo kune zvirambidzo zvekugadzira zvinodzikisira kukura uku: pamusoro pekuita, panofanira kunge kuchine nzvimbo yezvivakwa zvitsva zvewebhu, yerumwe rudzi rwe devops kana architectural astronautics. Kwete, kuita, haungatidye tese!

Kana kuti iwe unogona kuenda nenzira yakapesana, kukanda mapfumo pasi uye nekutendeseka kuita musangano unozove wakazara nezvekugoverwa komputa uye nezvavo chete. Uye hezvino, Hydra.

Ngatibvumei nokutendeseka kuti nhasi komputa yose inzira imwe kana imwe yakagoverwa. Ingave iri yakawanda-yakakosha muchina, komputa komputa, kana yakakura-yakagoverwa sevhisi, kune akawanda maitiro kwese kwese anoita maverengero akazvimirira anoenderana, achiyananisa. Iyo inoshanda sei mudzidziso uye kuti inoshanda sei mukuita ichave yakatarisana neHydra.

Purogiramu yemusangano

Chirongwa ichi chiri kuvandudzwa. Inofanirwa kusanganisira mishumo kubva kuvavambi vedzidziso dzeakagoverwa masisitimu uye mainjiniya anoshanda navo mukugadzira.

Semuenzaniso, isu tinotoziva nezve kutora chikamu kwaLeslie Lamport kubva kuMicrosoft Research uye Maurice Herlihy kubva kuBrown University.

Maurice Herlihy - purofesa ane mukurumbira uye anoremekedzwa weComputer Science, panewo nyaya pamusoro pake Wikipedia peji, kwaunogona kuenda pamusoro pezvisungo nemabasa. Ikoko iwe unogona kuona akawanda semibairo yeDijkstra, yekutanga yekushanda pairi "Mirira-Yemahara Synchronization", uye yechipiri, ichangopfuura - "Transactional Memory: Rutsigiro Rwekuvaka rweKukiya-Yemahara Data Zvimiro". Nenzira, zvinongedzo hazvitombo tungamira kuSciHub, asi kuBrown University neVirginia Tech University, unogona kuvhura uye kuverenga.

Maurice achatambira chirevo chakakosha chinonzi "Blockchains kubva kune yakagoverwa komputa maonero". Kana uchida, unogona kutarira kurekodhwa kwomushumo waMaurice kubva kuSt. Petersburg JUG. Ongorora kuti anobudisa musoro sei zvakajeka uye zvinonzwisisika.

Yechipiri yakakosha inonzi "Dual Data Structures" ichaverenga Michael Scott kubva kuYunivhesiti yeRochester. Uye fungidzira chii - iye ane yakewo Wikipedia peji. Kumba kuWisconsin, anozivikanwa nebasa rake sedhipatimendi paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Madison, uye munyika ndiye murume uyo, pamwe naDoug Lea, vakagadzira izvo zvisingavharidzi algorithms uye mitsetse inopindirana iyo Java raibhurari inomhanya. . Akagamuchira Mubairo wake weDijkstra makore matatu mushure meHerlihy, yebasa rake "Algorithms ye scalable synchronization pane yakagovaniswa-memory multiprocessors" (sezvaitarisirwa, anorara akashama paraibhurari yepamhepo yeYunivhesiti yeRochester).

Pachine nguva yakawanda kusvika pakati paChikunguru. Tichakuudza nezvevamwe vakurukuri nemisoro yavo sezvatinonatsa purogiramu uye kusvika muna July.

Kazhinji, mubvunzo unomuka - nei tichiita Hydra muzhizha? Mushure mezvose, ino ndiyo nguva yekuzorora, mazororo. Dambudziko nderekuti pane mapurofesa ekuyunivhesiti pakati pevatauri, uye chero imwe nguva yakabatikana kwavari. Hatina kukwanisa kusarudza mamwe mazuva.

Nzvimbo dzekukurukurirana

Pane dzimwe misangano, zvinoitika kuti mukurukuri anoverenga zvinodiwa uye pakarepo akabva. Vatori vechikamu havana kana nguva yekuitsvaga - mushure mezvose, mushumo unotevera unotanga pasina gap. Zvinorwadza zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana vanhu vakakosha vakaita saLamport, Herlihy naScott varipo, uye iwe unoenda kumusangano kuti ungosangana navo uye utaure nezve chimwe chinhu.

Tagadzirisa dambudziko iri. Nokukurumidza pashure pemushumo wake, mukurukuri anoenda kunzvimbo inokosha yekurukurirano yakashongedzerwa rinenge bhodhi chena rine chiratidzo, uye une nguva yakawanda zvikuru. Pakare, mukurukuri anovimbisa kunge aripo panguva yekuzorora pakati pemishumo. Muchokwadi, idzi nhaurirano nzvimbo may kutambanudza kwemaawa pakupera (zvichienderana nechido uye kutsungirira kwemukurukuri).

Kana ari Lamport, kana ndikanzwisisa zvakanaka, anoda kutendesa vanhu vazhinji sezvinobvira kuti TLA+ - ichi chinhu chakanaka. (Chinyorwa nezve TLA+ paWikipedia) Zvichida uyu uchave mukana wakanaka weinjiniya kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva uye chinobatsira. Leslie anopa sarudzo iyi - ani nani anofarira anogona kuona zvidzidzo zvake zvekare uye kuuya nemibvunzo. Kureva kuti, pachinzvimbo chechirevo chikuru, panogona kunge paine, sekunge, chikamu cheQ&A chakasarudzika, uyezve imwe nzvimbo yekukurukurirana. Ndaka googler zvishoma ndikaona yakanaka TLA + kosi (yakanyorwa zviri pamutemo playlist payoutube) uye hurukuro yeawa "Kufunga Pamusoro peCode" neMicrosoft Faculty Summit.

Kana iwe waifunga nezvevanhu vese ava semazita akakandwa mugranite kubva kuWikipedia uye pamakavha ebhuku, inguva yekusangana navo live! Kurukura uye bvunza mibvunzo iyo mapeji ezvinyorwa zvesainzi haazopinduri, asi vanyori vadzo vachafara kuonana.

Dana Mapepa

Hachisi chakavanzika kuti vazhinji veavo vari kurava zvino chinyorwa havaseki kutaura chimwe chinhu chinonakidza zvakakwana ivo pachavo. Kubva pakuona kweinjiniya, kubva pakuona kwesainzi, kubva kune chero maonero. Distributed computing inyaya yakafara kwazvo uye yakadzama, uko kune nzvimbo yemunhu wese.

Kana iwe uchida kutamba padivi peLamport, zvinogoneka. Kuti uve mukurukuri, unofanira tevera chinongedzo, nyatsoverenga zvose zviripo uye uite maererano nemirairo.

Iva akadzikama, iwe paunongobatana nekuita, iwe unobatsirwa. Komiti yepurogiramu ine zviwanikwa zvakakwana zvekubatsira neshumo pachayo, kukosha kwayo uye magadzirirwo. Murongi achakubatsira kugadzirisa nyaya dzesangano nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Nyatsoteerera mufananidzo nemazuva. July izuva riri kure zvikuru kune ari kutora chikamu, uye mukurukuri anofanira kutanga kuita chiito iye zvino.

SPTDC chikoro

Musangano uchaitirwa panzvimbo imwe chete nechikoro cheSPTDC, saka kune wese anotenga tikiti rechikoro, matikiti emusangano - ne 20% dhisikaundi.

Chikoro cheZhizha paKudzidzira uye Dzidziso yeDistributed Computing (SPTDС) - chikoro chinopa makosi akasiyana-siyana pamusoro pezvinoita uye theoretical mativi eakagoverwa masisitimu, ayo anodzidziswa neanozivikanwa nyanzvi mumunda wakakodzera.

Chikoro chichaitwa muChirungu, saka heino runyorwa rwemisoro yakafukidzwa:

• Concurrent data structures: kururamisa uye kubudirira;
• Algorithms yekusagadzikana yekuyeuka;
• Distributed Computability;
• akagovera muchina kudzidza;
• State-muchina kudzokorora uye Paxos;
• Byzantine kukanganisa-kushivirira;
• Algorithmic nheyo dze blockchains.

Vatauri vanotevera vachange vachitaura:

• Leslie Lamport (Microsoft);
• Maurice Herlihy (Brown University);
• Michael Scott (Yunivhesiti yeRochester);
• Dan Alistarh (IST Austria);
• Trevor Brown (Yunivhesiti yeWaterloo);
• Eli Gafni (UCLA);
• Danny Hendler (Ben Gurion University);
• Achour Mostefaoui (Yunivhesiti yeNantes).

playlist nemishumo yechikoro chakapfuura inogona kutariswa zvakasununguka paYouTube:

Matanho anotevera

Hurongwa hwemusangano huchiri kuumbwa. Tevedza nhau paHabré kana mumasocial network (fb, vk, Twitter).

Kana iwe uchinyatsotenda mumusangano (kana uchida kutora mukana weiyo yakakosha mutengo wekutanga, sezvavanotaura, "Early Bird") - unogona kuenda kunzvimbo uye kutenga matikiti.

Ndokuona kuHydra!

Source: www.habr.com