Zvimiro zvemagetsi emagetsi masisitimu anoshandisa DDIBP

Butsev I.V.
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Zvimiro zvemagetsi emagetsi masisitimu anoshandisa Diesel Dynamic Uninterruptible Power Sources (DDIUPS)

Muchiratidziro chinotevera, munyori anoedza kudzivirira clichés dzekushambadzira uye achavimba chete neruzivo runoshanda. DDIBPs kubva kuHITEC Power Dziviriro ichatsanangurwa sezvidzidzo zvekuedzwa.

DDIBP yekuisa mudziyo

Iyo DDIBP mudziyo, kubva pa electromechanical point yekuona, inotaridzika yakapusa uye inofanotaurwa.
Mhedzisiro huru yesimba ndiyo Diesel Engine (DE), ine simba rakakwana, ichifunga nezvekushanda kwekugadzirisa, kwekugara kwenguva refu kuenderera mberi kwemagetsi kumutoro. Izvi, naizvozvo, zvinoisa zvakanyanya kuomesesa zvinodiwa pakuvimbika kwayo, kugadzirira kutanga uye kugadzikana kwekushanda. Naizvozvo, zvine musoro zvachose kushandisa ngarava DDs, iyo mutengesi anogadzirisa kubva kune yero kusvika kune yayo ruvara.

Seshanduko inodzoreredzwa yesimba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi uye kumashure, kuisirwa kunosanganisira mota-jenareta ine simba rinopfuura rakayerwa simba rekuisirwa kuti rivandudze, kutanga kune zvese, hunhu hwesimba hwesimba sosi panguva yenguva pfupi maitiro.

Sezvo mugadziri achiti haapindike magetsi ekupa, iyo yekumisikidza ine chinhu chinochengetedza simba kumutoro panguva yekuchinja kubva kune imwe nzira yekushandisa kuenda kune imwe. Iyo inertial accumulator kana induction coupling inoshandisa ichi chinangwa. Iwo muviri muhombe unotenderera nekumhanya kukuru uye unounganidza simba remagetsi. Mugadziri anotsanangura mudziyo wayo seasynchronous mota mukati meiyo asynchronous mota. Avo. Kune stator, rotor yekunze uye rotor yemukati. Uyezve, iyo rotor yekunze yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune yakajairwa shaft yekumisikidza uye inotenderera synchronously neshaft yemota-jenareta. Iyo rotor yemukati inowedzera kutenderera inoenderana neyekunze uye iri chaizvo mudziyo wekuchengetedza. Kupa simba uye kupindirana pakati pezvikamu zvega, mabhurashi mayuniti ane slip mhete anoshandiswa.

Kuve nechokwadi chekuendeswa kwesimba remagetsi kubva kumota kuenda kune zvakasara zvikamu zvekuisa, clutch inodarika inoshandiswa.

Chikamu chinonyanya kukosha chekuisa ndeye otomatiki control system, iyo, nekuongorora iyo inoshanda paramita yezvikamu zvega, inokanganisa kutonga kwekuiswa kwakazara.
Zvakare chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekumisikidza reactor, nhatu-chikamu chinodzipwa nepombi inomonereka, yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza kuisirwa mumagetsi emagetsi system uye kubvumira kuchinjika kwakachengeteka pakati pemamodhi, kudzikamisa kuenzana kwemhepo.
Uye pakupedzisira, yekubatsira, asi kwete zvechipiri subsystems - kufefetedza, mafuta ekupa, kutonhora uye gasi kupera.

Maitiro ekushandisa eiyo DDIBP yekumisikidza

Ini ndinofunga zvingave zvinobatsira kutsanangura dzakasiyana nyika dzekuisirwa DDIBP:

• operating mode OFF

Iyo mechanical chikamu chekuisa haina kufamba. Simba rinopihwa kune iyo control system, preheating system yemota, iyo inoyangarara charge system yemabhatiri ekutanga, uye recirculation ventilation unit. Mushure mekupisa, kuiswa kwakagadzirira kutanga.

• kushanda mode START

Kana murairo we START ukapiwa, DD inotanga, iyo inotenderera rotor yekunze yedhiraivha uye injini-jenereta kuburikidza ne-overrunning clutch. Sezvo injini inodziya, iyo inotonhorera system inovhurwa. Mushure mekusvika kumhanya kwekushanda, iyo rotor yemukati yedhiraivha inotanga kutenderera (charge). Iyo nzira yekuchaja mudziyo wekuchengetedza inotongwa zvisina kunanga neyazvino yainoshandisa. Iyi nzira inotora 5-7 maminitsi.

Kana simba rekunze riripo, zvinotora nguva yekuwiriranisa kwekupedzisira nenetiweki yekunze uye, kana dhigirii yakakwana ye-in-phase inowanikwa, kuiswa kwakabatana nayo.

Iyo DD inoderedza kumhanya kwekutenderera uye inopinda mumhepo inotonhorera, iyo inotora anenge maminitsi gumi, ichiteverwa nekumira. Iyo overrunning clutch inobvisa uye kuwedzera kutenderera kwekugadzika kunotsigirwa nemotor-jenereta uku ichibhadhara kurasikirwa mune accumulator. Iko kuisirwa kwakagadzirira kupa simba mutoro uye chinja kune UPS mode.

Mukushayikwa kwemagetsi ekunze, kuiswa kwakagadzirira kupa simba mutoro uye zvido zvayo kubva kune injini-jenereta uye inoramba ichishanda muDIESEL mode.

• kushanda mode DIESEL

Mune iyi modhi, sosi yesimba ndiyo DD. Iyo injini-jenareta inotenderedzwa nayo inopa simba mutoro. Iyo mota-jenareta semhepo sosi ine yakataura frequency mhinduro uye ine inooneka inertia, inopindura nekunonoka kune kamwe kamwe shanduko muhukuru hwemutoro. Nokuti Mugadziri anopedzisa kuisirwa neMarine DD kushanda mune iyi modhi inongogumira chete nemafuta ekuchengetedza uye kugona kuchengetedza mamiriro ekupisa ekuisirwa. Mune iyi yekushanda modhi, iyo inzwi rekumanikidza nhanho padyo nekuisa inodarika 105 dBA.

• UPS inoshanda mode

Mune iyi modhi, iyo sosi yesimba ndiyo yekunze network. Iyo mota-jenareta, yakabatana kuburikidza nereactor kune ese ekunze network uye mutoro, inoshanda mune synchronous compensator modhi, inobhadhara mukati meimwe miganhu chikamu chinogadziriswa chesimba rekutakura. Kazhinji, kuisirwa kweDDIBP kwakabatana munhevedzano nenetiweki yekunze, netsanangudzo, kunowedzera hunhu hwayo semhepo sosi, ichiwedzera yakaenzana yemukati impedance. Mune ino yekushandisa modhi, iyo inzwi rekumanikidza nhanho padyo nekumisikidza inenge zana dBA.

Muchiitiko chezvinetso netiweki yekunze, chikwata chinobviswa kubva pairi, murairo unopiwa kutanga injini yedhiziri uye chikwata chinoshandura kuDIESEL mode. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kutangwa kwemota inogara ichipisa kunoitika pasina mutoro kudzamara kutenderera kwekutenderera kwemota shaft ichipfuura zvikamu zvakasara zvekuisa nekuvharwa kweiyo clutch inodarika. Iyo yakajairika nguva yekutanga uye kusvika yekumhanyisa kushanda kweDD masekonzi 3-5.

• BYPASS inoshanda mode

Kana zvichidikanwa, semuenzaniso, panguva yekugadzirisa, simba remutoro rinogona kuendeswa kune bypass line zvakananga kubva kune yekunze network. Kushandura kune mutsara wekupfuura uye kumashure kunoitika nekupindirana munguva yekupindura yezvigadziridzo zvekushandura, izvo zvinokubvumira kuti udzivise kunyange kurasikirwa kwenguva pfupi kwesimba kumutoro nokuti. Iyo yekudzora sisitimu inovavarira kuchengetedza mu-chikamu pakati peiyo inobuda voltage yeiyo DDIBP yekuisa uye yekunze network. Muchiitiko ichi, nzira yekushanda yekuisa pachayo haishanduki, i.e. kana DD yaishanda, zvino icharamba ichishanda, kana kuiswa kwayo pachayo kwaishandiswa kubva kune imwe kunze network, zvino ichaenderera mberi.

• kushanda mode STOP

Kana iyo STOP murairo wapihwa, simba remutoro rinochinjirwa kumutsara wekupfuura, uye simba rekupa injini-jenareta uye mudziyo wekuchengetedza unokanganiswa. Iyo yekumisikidza inoramba ichitenderera neinertia kwenguva yakati uye mushure mekumisa inochinja kune OFF mode.

DDIBP yekubatanidza dhayagiramu uye maitiro avo

Single installation

Iyi ndiyo yakareruka sarudzo yekushandisa yakazvimirira DDIBP. Iko kuiswa kunogona kuva nemigumisiro miviri - NB (hapana kuputsika, simba risingapindiki) pasina kukanganisa magetsi uye SB (pfupi pfupi, simba rakavimbiswa) nekukanganisa kwenguva pfupi kwesimba. Chimwe nechimwe chezvakabuda chinogona kuva nechekudarika kwayo (ona mufananidzo 1.).

Fig.1

Iyo NB inobuda inowanzobatanidzwa kune yakakosha mutoro (IT, refrigeration circulation pumps, precision air conditioners), uye iyo SB inobuda mutoro wekuti kukanganiswa kwenguva pfupi kwemagetsi hakusi kukosha (refrigeration chillers). Kuti udzivise kurasikirwa kwakazara kwesimba rekupa kune yakakosha mutoro, kuchinjika kweiyo yekumisikidza inobuda uye bypass dunhu rinoitwa nekufamba kwenguva, uye mafungu edunhu anoderedzwa kusvika akachengeteka kukosha nekuda kwekupokana kwakaoma kwechikamu. ye reactor inomonereka.

Kunyanya kukoshesa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune simba rekushandisa kubva kuDDIBP kusvika kune risingarevi mutoro, i.e. mutoro, iyo inoratidzirwa nekuvapo kwehuwandu hunoonekwa hweharmonics mu spectral kuumbwa kweiyo inopedzwa ikozvino. Nekuda kwehunhu hwekushanda kweiyo synchronous jenareta uye dhiyagiramu yekubatanidza, izvi zvinotungamira mukukanganiswa kweiyo voltage waveform pakubuda kwekuisirwa, pamwe nekuvapo kweharmonic zvikamu zveiyo inopedzwa ikozvino kana kuisirwa kunoitwa simba kubva. imwe yekunze alternating voltage network.

Pasi pane mifananidzo yechimiro (ona mufananidzo 2) uye harmonic kuongororwa kwemhepo inobuda (ona mufananidzo 3) kana ichishandiswa kubva kune network yekunze. Harmonic distortion coefficient yakapfuura 10% ine mwero isina mutsetse mutoro muchimiro che frequency converter. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuiswa kwacho hakuna kuchinja kune dizeli mode, iyo inosimbisa kuti iyo control system haitaridzi yakakosha parameter seye harmonic distortion coefficient yeyakabuda voltage. Zvinoenderana nekuona, chiyero chekukanganisa kweharmonic hachitsamiri pane simba remutoro, asi pachiyero chemasimba eiyo isina mutsara uye mutsara mutoro, uye kana yakaedzwa pane yakachena inoshanda, inodziya mutoro, iyo voltage chimiro pakubuda kweiyo. kuiswa kuri pedyo chaizvo ne sinusoidal. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu aya ari kure chaizvo kubva kuchokwadi, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakusimbaradza midziyo yeinjiniya inosanganisira frequency converters, uye mitoro yeIT ine magetsi ekuchinja ayo asingagaro shongedzerwa nemagetsi factor kururamisa (PFC).

Fig.2

Fig.3

Mune iyi uye inotevera dhayagiramu, matatu mamiriro akakosha:

• Galvanic kubatana pakati pekuisa uye kubuda kwekuiswa.
• Kusaenzana kwechikamu chemutoro kubva kune zvakabuda kunosvika pakupinza.
• Kudiwa kwemamwe matanho ekudzikisa mutoro ikozvino harmonics.
• Harmonic zvikamu zvemutoro wezvino uye kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekufamba-famba kunoyerera kubva pakubuda kuenda kune inopinza.

Dunhu rakafanana

Kuti uwedzere hurongwa hwekugovera magetsi, DDIBP mayunitsi anogona kubatanidzwa mukufanana, achibatanidza ekuisa uye kubuda maseketi emayuniti ega. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise kuti kuisirwa kunorasikirwa nekuzvimiririra uye kunova chikamu chehurongwa kana mamiriro e synchronism uye mu-chikamu asangana; mufizikisi izvi zvinorehwa mune rimwe izwi - kubatana. Kubva pakuona kwekuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti zvigadziro zvose zvakabatanidzwa muhurongwa zvinofanira kushanda nenzira imwechete, kureva, semuenzaniso, sarudzo ine chikamu chekushanda kubva kuDD, uye chikamu chekushanda kubva kunetiweki yekunze haigamuchirwi. Muchiitiko ichi, mutsara wekupfuura unogadzirwa wakafanana nehurongwa hwose (ona mufananidzo 4).

Nechirongwa ichi chekubatanidza, pane nzira mbiri dzinogona kuva nengozi:

• Kubatanidza iyo yechipiri uye inotevera kuisirwa kune system inobuda bhazi uchichengetedza kuwirirana mamiriro.
• Kubvisa imwe chete yekuisa kubva kune yakabuda bhazi uchichengetedza kuwirirana mamiriro kusvika madhishi ekubuda avhurwa.

Fig.4

Kuvharwa kwechimbichimbi kwekuiswa kumwe chete kunogona kutungamira kune mamiriro apo inotanga kudzikira, asi iyo yekuburitsa switching mudziyo haisati yavhurwa. Muchiitiko ichi, munguva pfupi, mutsauko wechikamu pakati pekuiswa uye yakasara yegadziriro inogona kusvika kune zvakakosha zvekukurumidzira, zvichikonzera pfupi pfupi.

Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kutarisisa kurodha kuenzanisa pakati pekuiswa kwega. Mumidziyo inotariswa pano, kuenzanisa kunoitwa nekuda kwekudonha kwemaitiro ejenareta. Nekuda kwekusaita kwayo uye kusiri-kufanana hunhu hwekuisa zviitiko pakati pekuisirwa, kugovera hakuna kuenzana. Uye zvakare, kana ichisvika kune yakanyanya kuremerwa kukosha, kugovera kunotanga kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvinoita sezvisina basa sehurefu hwemitsara yakabatana, mapoinzi ekubatanidza kune network yekugovera yekuisa uye mitoro, pamwe nemhando (shanduko kuramba. ) yezvibatanidza pachazvo.

Tinofanira kugara tichiyeuka kuti DDIBPs uye switching madivayiri midziyo yemagetsi ine nguva yakakosha yeinertia uye inoonekwa nguva yekunonoka mukupindura zviito zvekutonga kubva kune otomatiki control system.

Parallel circuit ine "medium" voltage connection

Muchiitiko ichi, jenereta yakabatanidzwa kune reactor kuburikidza ne transformer ine chiyero chakakodzera chekushandura. Nokudaro, reactor uye michina yekushandura inoshanda pa "avhareji" yezinga remagetsi, uye jenereta inoshanda pamwero we 0.4 kV (ona mufananidzo 5).

Fig.5

Nechiitiko ichi chekushandisa, unofanirwa kubhadhara kune chimiro chemutoro wekupedzisira uye dhiyabhorosi yayo yekubatanidza. Avo. kana mutoro wekupedzisira wakabatanidzwa kuburikidza nenhanho-pasi-vashanduri, zvinofanirwa kurangarirwa kuti kubatanidza transformer kune network yekugovera inogona kunge ichiperekedzwa neiyo magnetization reversal process yepakati, iyo inozokonzeresa inrush yekushandisa ikozvino uye, nokudaro, dip voltage (ona Fig. 6).

Midziyo inonzwisisika inogona kusashanda nemazvo mumamiriro ezvinhu aya.

Kanenge iyo yakaderera-inertia mwenje inopenya uye iyo default mota frequency converters inotangwazve.

Fig.6

Circuit ine "split" inobuda bhazi

Kuti uwedzere huwandu hwekuisa mumagetsi emagetsi system, mugadziri anokurudzira kushandisa chirongwa chine "split" bhazi rekubuda, umo zvimisikidzo zvinopindirana mune yekupinza uye kubuda, nekuiswa kwega kwega kwakabatana kune zvinopfuura chimwe chinobuda. bhazi. Muchiitiko ichi, nhamba yemitsara yekupfuura inofanira kuenzana nehuwandu hwemabhazi ekubuda (ona mufananidzo 7).

Izvo zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuti mabhazi anobuda haana kuzvimiririra uye akabatanidzwa galvanically kune mumwe nemumwe kuburikidza neachichinjisa maturusi ega ega kuisirwa.

Nokudaro, pasinei nekuvimbiswa kwemugadziri, dunhu iri rinomiririra simba rimwe chete nemukati redundancy, munyaya yeparallel circuit, ine mazamu akawanda akabatanidzwa.

Fig.7

Pano, senge mune yakapfuura kesi, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise kwete chete kurodha kuenzanisa pakati pekuisa, asi pakati pemabhazi anobuda.

Uyezve, vamwe vatengi vanopikisa zvakanyanya kugoverwa kwe "tsvina" chikafu, i.e. kushandisa bypass kune mutoro mune chero maitiro ekushanda. Neiyi nzira, semuenzaniso munzvimbo dze data, dambudziko (kuwedzeredza) pane imwe yezvitauriri zvinotungamira kune kuparara kwehurongwa nekuvhara kwakakwana kwemubhadharo.

Hupenyu kutenderera kweDDIBP nemhedzisiro yayo pane magetsi ekupa system yakazara

Hatifanire kukanganwa kuti DDIBP kumisikidzwa magetsi emagetsi anoda kuterera, kutaura zvishoma, maitiro ekuremekedza uye nguva nenguva kugadzirisa.

Chirongwa chekugadzirisa chinosanganisira kubvisa, kuvhara, kucheneswa, kuisa mafuta (kamwe chete mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega), pamwe nekuisa jenareta kumutoro wekuedza (kamwe chete pagore). Kazhinji zvinotora mazuva maviri ebhizinesi kusevhisi imwe yekuisa. Uye kusavapo kwedunhu rakagadzirirwa kubatanidza jenareta kumutoro wekuyedza kunotungamirira kune kudikanwa kwekubvisa-simba mubhadharo.

Semuyenzaniso, ngatitorei redundant system ye15 parallel operating DDIUPS yakabatana ne "average" voltage kune kaviri "split" bhazi pasina dunhu rakatsaurirwa rekubatanidza mutoro wekuedzwa.

Nedata rekutanga rakadai, kusevhisisa sisitimu ye30 (!) Karenda mazuva mune mamwe mazuva ese modhi, zvichave zvakafanira kubvisa-simba rimwe remabhazi anobuda kuti abatanidze mutoro webvunzo. Saka, kuwanikwa kwesimba rekupa kune mubhadharo weimwe yekubuda mabhasi - 0,959, uye chaizvoizvo kunyange 0,92.

Uye zvakare, kudzoka kune yakajairwa payload magetsi emagetsi wedunhu kunoda kutendeudzira nhamba inodiwa yenhanho-pasi ma transformer, izvo zvinozokonzeresa kuwanda kwemagetsi dips mukati mese (!) system ine chekuita nekudzoserwa kwemagnetization kwevashanduri.

Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa DDIBP

Kubva pane zviri pamusoro, mhedziso isinganyaradzi inozviratidza - pakubuda kwesimba rekushandisa uchishandisa DDIBP, yemhando yepamusoro (!) isina kukanganiswa voltage iripo kana zvese zvinotevera zvinosangana:

• Simba rekunze remagetsi harina zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha;
• Iyo sisitimu mutoro unogara uripo nekufamba kwenguva, inoshanda uye mutsara mune zvakasikwa (maviri ekupedzisira maitiro haashande kune data center zvishandiso);
• Iko hakuna kukanganisa muhurongwa kunokonzerwa nekuchinja reactive zvinhu.

Muchidimbu, mazano anotevera anogona kugadzirwa:

• Kupatsanura magetsi emagetsi masisitimu einjiniya uye IT midziyo, uye patsanura yekupedzisira kuita subsystems kuti uderedze kuwirirana.
• Tsaura network yakaparadzana kuti ive nechokwadi chekugona kusevha imwe chete yekumisikidza nekukwanisa kubatanidza yekunze bvunzo mutoro nehukuru hwakaenzana nekuiswa kumwe chete. Gadzirira saiti uye zvivakwa zvetambo zvekubatanidza kune izvi zvinangwa.
• Gara uchitarisa chiyero chemutoro pakati pemabhazi emagetsi, kuiswa kwega uye zvikamu.
• Dzivisa kushandisa nhanho-pasi ma transformer akabatana nekubuda kweiyo DDIBP.
• Nyatsoyedza uye kurekodha mashandiro eotomatiki uye magetsi ekuchinja zvishandiso kuitira kuti utore manhamba.
• Kuti uone kunaka kwesimba rekupa kune mutoro, kuyedza kuisa uye masisitimu uchishandisa isina-mutsara mutoro.
• Paunenge uchisevhisi, bvisa mabhatiri ekutanga uye woaedza ega, nekuti... Kunyangwe kuvepo kweanonzi maequalizers uye backup start panel (RSP), nekuda kwebhatiri rimwechete rakashata, DD inogona kusatanga.
• Tora mamwe matanho ekudzikisa mutoro ikozvino harmonics.
• Nyora iyo ruzha uye inopisa minda yekuisirwa, mhedzisiro ye vibration bvunzo yekukurumidza mhinduro kune yekutanga kuratidzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzematambudziko emakanika.
• Dzivisa kureba kwenguva refu yekumisikidza, tora matanho ekugovera zvakaenzana zviwanikwa zvemota.
• Pedzisa kuisirwa ne vibration sensors kudzivirira mamiriro ekukurumidzira.
• Kana ruzha uye minda yekupisa ikachinja, kuzunguzika kana kunhuhwirira kwekunze kuchioneka, pakarepo bvisa zvimisikidzo kunze kwebasa kuti uwedzere kuongororwa.

PS Munyori angatenda nemhinduro pamusoro pemusoro wechinyorwa.

Source: www.habr.com