Kana zvasvika kune otomatiki maitiro muindasitiri yepetrochemical, iyo stereotype inowanzouya mukutamba kuti kugadzirwa kwakaoma, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvese zvinogona kusvikwa zvinozviitira ipapo, nekuda kweautomated process control system. Chaizvoizvo hazvina kudaro.
Indasitiri yepetrochemical yakanyatsoita otomatiki, asi izvi zvine chekuita neiyo yakakosha tekinoroji maitiro, uko otomatiki uye kudzikisira kwechinhu chemunhu kwakakosha. Ese ane hukama maitiro haaite otomatiki nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira weautomated process control solution uye anoitwa pamaoko. Naizvozvo, mamiriro ezvinhu apo kamwe ega ega maawa mushandi anoongorora nemaoko kana ichi kana iyo pombi yakanyatsodziya, kana switch inodiwa yakabatidzwa uye kana vharafu yakadzoserwa, kana vibration level yekutakura yakajairika - izvi zvakajairika. .
Mazhinji asiri-akakosha maitiro haasi otomatiki, asi izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa Internet yeZvinhu matekinoroji kwete otomatiki maitiro ekudzora masisitimu.
Nehurombo, pane dambudziko pano - gaka mukutaurirana pakati pevatengi vanobva kuindasitiri yepetrochemical uye vanogadzira simbi ivo pachavo, vasina vatengi muindasitiri yemafuta negesi uye, nekudaro, havagamuchire ruzivo nezve izvo zvinodiwa zvekushandisa. munzvimbo dzine hutsinye, dzinoputika, mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, nezvimwe.
Mune ino post tichataura nezve dambudziko iri uye nzira yekurigadzirisa.
IoT mune petrochemicals
Kuti titarise mamwe ma parameters, tinoshandisa kufamba-kuburikidza nechinangwa chekuona uye tactile yekuongorora yezvisiri-yakakosha yekuisa zvikamu. Imwe yematambudziko akajairika inoenderana nekupihwa kwemhepo. Steam ndiyo inotonhorera kune akawanda petrochemical process, uye inopihwa kubva kune yekudziya chirimwa kusvika kune yekupedzisira node kuburikidza nepombi refu. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti mafekitori edu uye zvigadziriso zviri munzvimbo yakaoma yemamiriro ekunze, kutonhora muRussia kwakaoma, uye dzimwe nguva mamwe mapaipi anotanga kutonhora.
Nokudaro, maererano nemirairo, vamwe vashandi vanofanira kutenderera kamwe chete paawa uye kuyera kupisa kwepombi. Pachiyero chechirimwa chese, iyi inhamba huru yevanhu vasingaite chero chinhu kunze kwekufamba-famba uye kubata pombi.
Chekutanga, hazvina kunaka: tembiricha inogona kudzikira, uye unofanirwa kufamba kure. Chechipiri, nenzira iyi hazvibviri kuunganidza uye, kunyanya, kushandisa data pamusoro pekuita. Chechitatu, inodhura: vanhu vose ava vanofanira kuita mamwe mabasa anobatsira. Chekupedzisira, chinhu chemunhu: tembiricha inoyerwa zvakadii, izvi zvinoitika nguva nenguva sei?
Uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei mamaneja ekudyara uye ekuisa ane hanya zvakanyanya nekudzikisira kukanganiswa kwechinhu chemunhu pane tekinoroji maitiro.
Iyi ndiyo yekutanga inobatsira nyaya yekudzidza yekugona kushandiswa kweIoT mukugadzira.
Yechipiri ndeye vibration control. Iyo midziyo ine mota dzemagetsi, uye vibration control inofanirwa kuitwa. Parizvino, inoitwa nenzira imwecheteyo, nemaoko - kamwe chete pazuva, vanhu vanofamba-famba uye vanoshandisa zviridzwa zvakakosha kuyera mwero wekuzunguza kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvese zvakarongeka. Uku zvakare kutambisa nguva uye zviwanikwa zvevanhu, zvakare pesvedzero yechinhu chemunhu pane kurongeka uye kuwanda kwekutenderera kwakadaro, asi chinonyanya kukosha chinokanganisa ndechekuti haugone kushanda nedata rakadaro, nekuti hapana kana data rekugadzirisa uye. hazvibviri kuenderera mberi nekushandira dhizaini ine simba zvichienderana nemamiriro.
Uye iyi ikozvino ndiyo imwe yemaitiro makuru mumhizha - kuchinja kubva pakugadzirisa nguva dzose kuenda kumamiriro ekugadzirisa, ane sangano rakakodzera iro rinoshanda uye rakadzama zvinyorwa zvemichina yekushanda maawa uye kutonga kwakazara kwemamiriro ayo aripo anochengetwa. Semuenzaniso, kana nguva yasvika yekutarisa mapombi, iwe unotarisa maparameter avo uye ona kuti panguva ino pombi A yakakwanisa kuunganidza nhamba inodiwa yeawa injini yekushandira, asi pombi B haisati yave, zvinoreva kuti inogona ' ndichiri kushandirwa, nguva yadarika.
Kazhinji, zvakafanana nekuchinja mafuta mumotokari makiromita 15 000 ega ega. Mumwe munhu anogona kubvisa izvi mumwedzi mitanhatu, kune vamwe zvinotora gore, uye kune vamwe zvinotora nguva yakareba, zvichienderana nekuti imwe motokari inoshandiswa sei.
Ndizvo zvimwe chete nemapombi. Uyezve, kune yechipiri shanduko inokanganisa kudiwa kwekugadzirisa - nhoroondo yezviratidziro zvevibration. Ngatitii nhoroondo yekuzunguza yanga yakarongeka, pombi zvakare haisati yashanda newachi, zvinoreva kuti hatichada kuishandisa. Uye kana iyo vibration nhoroondo isiri yakajairika, saka pombi yakadaro inofanirwa kushumirwa kunyangwe pasina maawa ekushanda. Uye zvakapesana - ine nhoroondo yakanakisa yekuzunguza, tinoishandira kana maawa ashandiswa.
Kana iwe ukafungisisa zvese izvi uye kuita kugadzirisa nenzira iyi, unogona kuderedza mutengo wesevhisi ine simba michina ne20 kana kunyange makumi matatu muzana. Tichifunga nezvehukuru hwekugadzirwa, idzi nhamba dzakakosha kwazvo, pasina kurasikirwa kwemhando uye pasina kukanganisa mwero wekuchengetedza. Uye iyi ikesi yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa yekushandisa IIoT mune bhizinesi.
Kune zvakare akawanda akaverengera ayo ruzivo rwave kuunganidzwa nemaoko ("Ndakaenda, ndakatarisa, uye ndakanyora pasi"). Izvo zvakare zvakanyanya kushanda kushandira zvese izvi online, kuona munguva chaiyo chii chiri kushandiswa uye sei. Iyi nzira ichabatsira zvikuru mukugadzirisa nyaya yekushandisa simba rekushandisa: kuziva nhamba chaiyo yekushandisa, iwe unogona kupa yakawanda chiputi kune pombi A mangwanani, uye chipfunga chepombi B manheru, somuenzaniso. Mushure mezvose, ikozvino zviteshi zvekupisa zvakavakwa nemuganhu wakakura kuitira kunyatsopa zvikamu zvose nekupisa. Asi iwe haugone kuvaka kwete nematura, asi nehungwaru, kugovera zviwanikwa zvakakwana.
Iyi ndiyo fashoni inofambiswa nedatha sarudzo, kana sarudzo dzichiitwa zvichienderana nebasa rakazara nedata rakaunganidzwa. Makore uye analytics zvinonyanya kufarirwa nhasi; kuOpen Innovations gore rino kwaive nekutaura kwakawanda nezve data hombe nemakore. Wese munhu akagadzirira kushanda nedata hombe, kuigadzirisa, kuichengeta, asi kutanga data rinofanira kuunganidzwa. Pane kutaura kushoma pamusoro peizvi. Kune mashoma mashoma ekutanga emahara mazuva ano.
Yechitatu IoT kesi ndeyekutevera kwevashandi, perimeter navigation, nezvimwe. Isu tinoshandisa izvi kutevedzera mafambiro evashandi uye kutarisa nzvimbo dzakarambidzwa. Semuenzaniso, rimwe basa riri kuitwa munharaunda, panguva iyo pasina vatorwa vanofanira kunge vari mairi - uye zvinokwanisika kuona kudzora izvi munguva chaiyo. Kana kuti lineman akaenda kunotarisa pombi, uye yave nayo kwenguva yakareba uye isingafambi-zvichida munhu wacho ave kurwara uye anoda rubatsiro.
Pamusoro pemitemo
Rimwe dambudziko nderekuti hapana vanobatanidza vakagadzirira kugadzira mhinduro dzeindasitiri IoT. Nekuti hakusati kwave nematanho akaiswa munzvimbo ino.
Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakamira sei kumba kwedu: isu tine wifi router, unogona kutenga chimwe chinhu kune yakangwara imba - kettle, socket, IP kamera kana magirobhu emwenje - batanidza zvese kune iripo wifi, uye zvese zvicha shanda. Ichanyatso shanda, nekuti wifi ndiyo chiyero icho zvese zvakagadzirirwa.
Asi mumunda wemhinduro dzemabhizinesi, zviyero zveiyi nhanho yekupararira hazvipo. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti iyo chikamu base pachayo yakave yakachipa nguva pfupi yadarika, iyo yakabvumira Hardware pachigadziko chakadaro kukwikwidza nezviwanikwa zvevanhu.
Kana tikaenzanisa nekuona, nhamba dzinenge dzinenge dzakaenzana.
Imwe automated control system sensor yekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri inodhura madhora mazana maviri.
Imwe LoRaWAN sensor inodhura 3-4 zviuru rubles.
Makore gumi apfuura kwaingova neotomatiki maitiro ekudzora masisitimu, pasina dzimwe nzira, LoRaWAN yakaonekwa makore mashanu apfuura.
Asi isu hatigone kungotora nekushandisa LoRaWAN sensors mumabhizinesi edu ese
Technology Selection
Neimba wifi zvese zviri pachena, nemidziyo yemuhofisi zvese zvakafanana.
Iko hakuna yakakurumbira uye inowanzo shandiswa zviyero maererano neIoT muindasitiri. Iko kune, hongu, boka reakasiyana maindasitiri zviyero izvo makambani anozvigadzirira ivo pachavo.
Tora, semuenzaniso, isina waya HART, yakagadzirwa nevakomana veEmerson - zvakare 2,4 GHz, inenge yakafanana wifi. Nzvimbo yekuvhara kwakadaro kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo ndeye 50-70 mamita. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti nzvimbo yekuisirwa kwedu inodarika saizi ye akati wandei nhandare dzenhabvu, zvinosiririsa. Uye imwe base chiteshi mune iyi kesi inogona kushandira nechivimbo kusvika zana. Uye isu tave kumisikidza kuisirwa kutsva; pamatanho ekutanga kwatove nemasensor anopfuura mazana mana.
Uye ipapo kune NB-IoT (NarrowBand Internet yezvinhu), inopihwa nevashandisi venhare. Uye zvakare, kwete yekushandiswa mukugadzira - chekutanga, inongodhura (mushandisi anobhadharisa traffic), uye chechipiri, inoumba yakanyanyisa kutsamira kune telecom vanoshanda. Kana iwe uchida kuisa masensa akadaro munzvimbo dzakaita sebunker, pasina kutaurirana, uye iwe unofanirwa kuisa imwe midziyo ipapo, iwe uchafanirwa kubata opareta, mubhadharo uye nenguva isingafano fungidzirwe yekuita rairo yekuvhara. chinhu chine network.
Hazvibviri kushandisa yakachena wifi pamasaiti. Kunyangwe zviteshi zvekumba zvakamisikidzwa pane ese 2,4 GHz uye 5 GHz, uye isu tine saiti yekugadzira ine nhamba huru yemasensa uye michina, uye kwete mashoma emakomputa uye nharembozha pafurati.
Ehe, kune mipimo yevaridzi yehunyoro hwemhando. Asi izvi hazvishande kana isu tikavaka network ine akawanda akasiyana maturusi, isu tinoda chiyero chimwe chete, uye kwete chinhu chakavharwa chinozotiita zvakare kuti tivimbe nemutengesi mumwe kana mumwe.
Naizvozvo, mubatanidzwa weLoRaWAN unoratidzika semhinduro yakanaka kwazvo; tekinoroji iri kushingaira kukura uye, mumaonero angu, ine mukana wese wekukura kusvika pachiyero chakazara. Mushure mekuwedzera kweRU868 frequency renji, isu tine machaneli akawanda kupfuura muEurope, zvinoreva kuti hatifanirwe kunetseka nezve network network zvachose, izvo zvinoita kuti LoRaWAN ive yakanakisa protocol yenguva nenguva kuunganidza paramita, toti, kamwe chete pamaminitsi gumi. kana kamwe paawa.
Zvakanaka, isu tinoda kugashira data kubva kune akati wandei ma sensor kamwe chete maminetsi gumi kuitira kuchengetedza yakajairika yekutarisa pikicha, kuunganidza data uye kazhinji kutarisa mamiriro emidziyo. Uye munyaya yelinemen, iyi frequency yakaenzana neawa pane zvakanakisisa.
Chii chimwe chisipo?
Kushaya nhaurirano
Pane kushomeka kwenhaurirano pakati pevagadziri vehardware uye petrochemical kana mafuta uye gasi vatengi. Uye zvinozoitika kuti nyanzvi dzeIT dzinogadzira yakanakisa Hardware kubva kune IT point yekuona, iyo isingagone kushandiswa en masse mukugadzira petrochemical.
Semuenzaniso, chidimbu chehardware paLoRaWAN yekuyera tembiricha yepombi: chiturika papombi, chakasungirirwa nechisungo, chakarembera redhiyo module, yakavhara nzvimbo yekudzora - uye ndizvozvo.
Iyo IT midziyo yakakodzera zvachose, asi kune matambudziko kune iyo indasitiri.
Bhatiri 3400 mAh. Zvechokwadi, haisi iyo iri nyore, pano ndiyo thionyl chloride, iyo inopa kukwanisa kushanda pa -50 uye kwete kurasikirwa nesimba. Kana isu tikatumira ruzivo kubva kune yakadaro sensor kamwe chete maminetsi gumi, inopedza bhatiri mumwedzi mitanhatu. Hapana chakakanganisika nechisarudzo chetsika-sunungura sensor, isa bhatiri idzva re10 rubles mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega.
Ko kana aya ari makumi ezviuru zvema sensor pane hombe saiti? Izvi zvinotora nguva yakawanda. Nokubvisa maawa-awa anoshandiswa pakufamba-famba, tinowana nguva yakafanana yekuchengetedza hurongwa.
Mhinduro yakajeka yedambudziko ndeyekuisa bhatiri kwete ye300 rubles, asi ye1000, asi ye19 mAh, ichafanirwa kuchinjwa kamwe pamakore mashanu. Izvi zvakanaka. Ehe, izvi zvichawedzera zvishoma mutengo we sensor pachayo. Asi iyo indasitiri inogona kuzvipa uye iyo indasitiri inoida chaizvo.
Hapana munhu ari casdev, saka hapana anoziva nezvezvinodiwa zveindasitiri.
Uye pamusoro pechinhu chikuru
Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, izvo zvavanogumburwa nazvo ndizvo chaizvo nekuda kwekushaikwa kwebhanari yekukurukurirana. Petrochemicals kugadzirwa, uye kugadzirwa kune njodzi, uko mamiriro ekudonha gasi renzvimbo uye kuumbwa kwegore rinoputika zvinogoneka. Naizvozvo, zvese zvishandiso pasina kusarudzika zvinofanirwa kunge zvisinga putika. Uye uve neakakodzera zvitupa zvekudzivirira kuputika zvinoenderana neRussia chiyero TR TS 012/2011.
Vagadziri vacho havazivi nezve izvi. Uye kudzivirira kuputika hakusi paramende inogona kungowedzerwa kune inenge yapera mudziyo, senge akati wandei ekuwedzera maLED. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti uitezve zvinhu zvose kubva pabhodhi pachayo uye dunhu kusvika pakuvharidzirwa kwetambo.
Zvaunofanira kuita
Zviri nyore - kutaurirana. Takagadzirira nhaurirano yakananga, zita rangu ndinonzi Vasily Ezhov, muridzi weIoT chigadzirwa kuSIBUR, unogona kundinyorera pano mune yako meseji kana neemail - [email inodzivirirwa]. Isu tine akagadzirira-akagadzirwa maitiro ehunyanzvi, tichakuudza zvese uye tokuratidza kuti ndezvipi midziyo yatinoda uye nei uye chii chinoda kuverengerwa.
Parizvino tave kutovaka akati wandei mapurojekiti paLoRaWAN munzvimbo yakasvibira (apo kudzivirira kuputika kusiri chinhu chinosungirwa kuti tiite), tiri kutarisa kuti zvakamira sei, uye kana LoRaWAN yakakodzera kugadzirisa matambudziko pane yakadaro. scale. Isu taizvifarira chaizvo padiki bvunzo network; ikozvino tiri kuvaka network ine yakakwira density yema sensors, uko anenge mazana mana sensors akarongwa kuisirwa kumwe chete. Panyaya yehuwandu hweLoRaWAN izvi hazvina zvakawanda, asi maererano netiweki density yatove yakati wandei. Saka ngatizviongorore.
Pahuwandu hwekuratidzwa kwepamusoro-tekinoroji, vagadziri vehardware vakanzwa kubva kwandiri kekutanga nezvekudzivirirwa kwekuputika uye kukosha kwayo.
Saka iri, chekutanga, dambudziko rekutaurirana ratinoda kugadzirisa. Isu tiri kunyanya kufarira cudev, inobatsira uye inobatsira kune ese mapato, mutengi anogamuchira iyo inodiwa hardware kune zvaanoda, uye mugadziri haatambise nguva kugadzira chimwe chinhu chisingakoshi kana kugadzirisa zvachose hardware iripo kubva pakutanga.
Kana iwe uri kutoita chimwe chinhu chakafanana uye wakagadzirira kuwedzera mumafuta, gasi uye petrochemical sector, ingonyorera kwatiri.
Source: www.habr.com