Nei Vatongi VeSitimu Vachifanira Kuve DevOps Injiniya

Hapana nguva iri nani yekudzidza muhupenyu kupfuura nhasi.

Ndi2019, uye DevOps inonyanya kukosha kupfuura nakare kose. Vanoti mazuva evakuru vehurongwa apera, sezvakangoita nguva yemukurumbira. Asi izvi ndizvo chaizvo here?
Sezvinowanzoitika muIT, mamiriro acho achinja. Iyo DevOps methodology yakabuda, asi haigone kuvapo pasina munhu ane system administrator hunyanzvi, kureva, pasina Ops.

Nzira yeDevOps isati yatora chimiro chayo chemazuva ano, ndakazvinyora seOps. Uye ini ndinonyatsoziva izvo maneja wehurongwa paanoona kuti zvaasingakwanise kuita uye kuti ane nguva shoma sei yekuzvidzidza.

Asi zvinotyisa kudaro here? Ndingati kushaikwa kweruzivo hakufanirwe kutorwa seimwe rudzi rwedambudziko hombe. Zvinonyanya kunetsa nyanzvi.

Zvigadzirwa zveWebhu-zviyero zvakavakirwa paLinux kana imwe yakavhurika sosi software, uye kune vashoma uye vashoma vanhu pamusika vanokwanisa kuzvichengeta. Demand yakatopfuura nhamba yenyanzvi mundima iyi. A system administrator haachakwanisa kungoenderera mberi achishanda asina kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwake. Anofanirwa kuve nehunyanzvi hwekuita otomatiki kubata akawanda maseva/node uye ave nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwemabatiro avanoita kugadzirisa matambudziko anomuka.

Usati wave nhengo yechikwata cheDevOps, iwe unofanirwa kupfuura nerwendo rurefu asi runonakidza, kudzidza matekinoroji matsva uye akasiyana maturusi anodiwa kuchengetedza sisitimu zvinoenderana neDevOps zviyero.

Saka, maneja wehurongwa angafamba sei kubva kune yakajairwa nzira kuenda kune iyo nyowani pfungwa yeDevOps? Zvese zvakangoita semazuva ese: kutanga iwe unofanirwa kushandura mafungiro ako. Hazvisi nyore kusiya nzira yawave uchitevera kwemakore gumi kana makumi maviri apfuura uye wotanga kuita zvinhu zvakasiyana, asi zvakakosha.

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti DevOps haisi nzvimbo chaiyo mukambani, asi seti yemaitiro chaiwo. Aya maitiro anoreva kugoverwa kweakasarudzika masisitimu, kuderedza kukuvadzwa kubva kubhugi uye kukanganisa, nguva zhinji uye nenguva inogadziridza software, yakanyatso kudzika kudyidzana pakati pevagadziri (Dev) nevatungamiriri (Ops), pamwe nekuyedzwa nguva dzose kwete chete kodhi, asi. uyewo chimiro chose mukati mekuita kuenderera kusanganisa uye kuburitsa (CI/CD).

Pamwe chete nekuchinja nzira yekufunga, iwe unofanirwa kudzidza kuchengetedza zvivakwa uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo kwakadzikama, kuvimbika uye kuwanikwa kwekuenderera mberi kwekubatanidza uye kuendesa zvikumbiro, masevhisi uye software.

Zvaungave uchishaya seOps nyanzvi hunyanzvi hwekuronga. Iye zvino kunyora zvinyorwa (zvinyorwa), izvo vatariri vehurongwa vanoshandisa kuisa otomatiki zvigamba pane sevha, kubata mafaera nemaakaundi, matambudziko ekugadzirisa uye kuunganidza zvinyorwa, zvakatoonekwa sezvisingashandi. Scripting ichiri kushanda muzviitiko zviri nyore, asi DevOps ndeyekugadzirisa matambudziko makuru, kungave kuita, kuedza, kuvaka, kana kutumira.

Saka, kana iwe uchida kudzidza otomatiki, unofanirwa kugona kanenge kadiki hurongwa, kunyangwe usiri mugadziri, nekuti panguva ino yekukura kwako. zvivakwa otomatiki muDevOps inoda hunyanzvi uhu.

Kuita sei? Kuti urambe uri mukudiwa senyanzvi, unofanirwa kuwana hunyanzvi hwakakodzera - tenzi kanokwana mutauro wechirongwa, semuenzaniso Python. Izvi zvingaita sezvakaoma kumunhu ane hunyanzvi mune manejimendi, sezvo ajaira kufunga kuti chirongwa chevagadziri chete. Izvo hazvifanirwe kuve nyanzvi, asi ruzivo rweimwe yemitauro yepurogiramu (inogona kunge Python, Bash kana kunyange Powershell), zvirokwazvo ichava mukana.

Kudzidza kuita chirongwa kunotora nguva. Kuva nehanya uye nemoyo murefu kuchakubatsira kuti urambe uri pamusoro pezvinhu paunenge uchitaurirana nenhengo dzechikwata cheDevOps uye vatengi. Hafu yeawa pazuva, awa kana kupfuura, kudzidza mutauro wepurogiramu kunofanira kuva chinangwa chako chikuru.

Vatariri veSistimu uye nyanzvi dzeDevOps dzinogadzirisa matambudziko akafanana, zvisinei, pane misiyano yakakura. Zvinotendwa kuti maneja wehurongwa haagone kuita zvese izvo mainjiniya weDevOps anogona. Vanoti sisitimu maneja anonyanya kutarisana nekugadzirisa, kuchengetedza uye kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwemaseva masisitimu, asi injinjiniya yeDevOps inodhonza ngoro iyi yese uye imwe ngoro diki.

Asi mashoko aya ndeechokwadi sei?

System administrator: murwi mumwechete mumunda

Pasinei nekusiyana uye kufanana kunoratidzwa muchinyorwa chino, ndichiri kutenda kuti hapana musiyano wakakosha pakati pehurongwa hwekutonga neDevOps. Masisitimu maneja agara achiita mabasa akafanana neDevOps nyanzvi, ndezvekuti hapana akambozvidaidza kuti DevOps. Ndinotenda kuti hapana chikonzero chekunyatsotarisa misiyano, kunyanya kana isingabatanidzi kune chero basa. Usakanganwa kuti, kusiyana nemutongi wehurongwa, DevOps haisi nzvimbo, asi pfungwa.

Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinofanira kucherechedzwa, pasina iyo hurukuro pamusoro pehutongi uye DevOps ichave isina kukwana. Sistimu yekutonga nenzira yakajairika inofungidzira kuti nyanzvi ine chaiyo seti yehunyanzvi uye yakatarisana nekushandira akasiyana marudzi ezvivakwa. Kwete mupfungwa yekuti uyu mushandi wepasi rose, asi mupfungwa yekuti kune akati wandei mabasa anoitwa nevatungamiriri vese.

Semuenzaniso, nguva nenguva ivo vanofanirwa kuita semhando yehunyanzvi handyman, ndiko kuti, kuita zvese chaizvo. Uye kana paine mumwe chete akadaro maneja wesangano rose, saka anozoita basa rese rehunyanzvi. Izvi zvinogona kuva chero chinhu kubva pakuchengetedza maprinta uye makopi kuita mabasa ane chekuita netiweki senge kumisikidza uye kutonga marouters uye switch kana kugadzirisa firewall.

Achaitawo basa rekusimudzira hardware, kuongorora log uye kuongorora, kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza, server patching, kugadzirisa dambudziko, midzi yekuongorora chikonzero, uye automation-kazhinji kuburikidza nePowerShell, Python, kana Bash zvinyorwa. Mumwe muenzaniso wekushandisa Scenarios ndiko kutonga kwemushandisi neakaundi eboka. Kugadzira maakaundi emushandisi uye kupa mvumo ibasa rinonetesa sezvo vashandisi vanoonekwa uye vanonyangarika anenge mazuva ese. Otomatiki kuburikidza nezvinyorwa zvinosunungura nguva yeakanyanya kukosha mabasa ezvivakwa, sekusimudzira ma switch uye maseva uye mamwe mapurojekiti anokanganisa pundutso yekambani iyo maneja anoshanda (kunyangwe zvichiwanzo gamuchirwa kuti IT department hariburitse mari zvakananga).

Basa remugadziri wehurongwa harisi kutambisa nguva uye kuchengetedza mari yekambani mune chero nzira inogoneka. Dzimwe nguva vatariri vehurongwa vanoshanda senhengo dzechikwata chikuru, vachibatanidza, semuenzaniso, vatariri veLinux, Windows, dhatabhesi, kuchengetedza, zvichingodaro. Zvirongwa zvebasa zvinosiyanawo. Semuenzaniso, shanduko mune imwe nguva zone pakupera kwezuva inoendesa nyaya kune inotevera shanduko mune imwe nzvimbo yenguva kuitira kuti maitiro arege kumira (kutevera-zuva); kana vashandi vane zuva rekushanda rakajairika kubva 9 am kusvika 5 p.m.; kana kuti iri kushanda mu XNUMX/XNUMX data center.

Nekufamba kwenguva, vatariri vehurongwa vakadzidza kufunga zvine hungwaru uye nekubatanidza zvinhu zvakakosha nemabasa enguva dzose. Zvikwata nemadhipatimendi avanoshanda mazviri zvinowanzopfupika pane zviwanikwa, asi panguva imwe chete munhu wese ari kuyedza kupedza mabasa ezuva nezuva kusvika pamwero wakazara.

DevOps: kusimudzira uye kugadzirisa seimwe

DevOps imhando yehuzivi hwekuvandudza uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Iyi nzira munyika yeIT yave yechokwadi innovation.

Pasi peamburera yeDevOps, kune timu yekuvandudza software kune rimwe divi uye timu yekuchengetedza kune rimwe. Ivo vanowanzobatanidzwa nenyanzvi dzekutarisira zvigadzirwa, vanoedza uye mushandisi interface vagadziri. Pamwe chete, nyanzvi idzi dzinogadzirisa mashandiro ekukurumidza kuburitsa zvikumbiro zvitsva uye kodhi yekuvandudza kutsigira nekuvandudza kushanda kwekambani yese.

DevOps yakavakirwa pakutonga pamusoro pekuvandudza uye kushanda kwesoftware mukati mehupenyu hwayo hwese. Maintenance vanhu vanofanirwa kutsigira vanogadzira, uye vanogadzira vanopihwa basa rekunzwisisa kupfuura maAPI anoshandiswa mumasystem. Ivo vanofanirwa kunzwisisa zviri pasi pehodhi (kureva kuti, mashandisiro anoita Hardware uye masisitimu anoshanda) kuti vagone kubata zvirinani tsikidzi, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kudyidzana nenyanzvi dzebasa.

MaSistimu maneja anogona kuenda kuchikwata cheDevOps kana vachida kudzidza matekinoroji ezvino uye vakavhurika kune mazano matsva nemhinduro. Sezvandakataura, havafanirwe kuve vakazara-programmer, asi kugona mutauro wechirongwa seRuby, Python kana Go kunovabatsira kuve nhengo dzinobatsira dzechikwata. Kunyangwe vatariri vehurongwa vachigara vachiita basa rese ivo uye vanowanzoonekwa sevasuru, muDevOps vane chiitiko chakapesana zvachose, apo munhu wese ari mukuita anodyidzana.

Musoro we otomatiki uri kuramba uchienderana. Vese masystem administrator uye DevOps nyanzvi vanofarira kuyera nekukurumidza, kuderedza zvikanganiso, uye nekukurumidza kutsvaga nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso zviripo. Saka, otomatiki ipfungwa inoungana nzvimbo mbiri. Masisitimu maneja ane basa remasevhisi emakore seAWS, Azure, uye Google Cloud Platform. Vanofanira kunzwisisa misimboti yekuenderera mberi kwekubatanidza uye kuendesa uye mashandisiro ezvishandiso senge Jenkins.

Uye zvakare, vatariri vehurongwa vanofanirwa kushandisa zvigadziriso uye manejimendi zvishandiso senge Anable, inodiwa pakutumirwa kwakafanana kwemaseva gumi kana makumi maviri.

Pfungwa huru ndeye zvivakwa sekodhi. Software ndizvo zvese. Muchokwadi, kuitira kuti basa remugadziri wehurongwa risarasikirwa nekukosha, iwe unongoda kushandura kusimbisa zvishoma. MaSistimu maneja ari mubhizinesi rebasa uye anofanirwa kukwanisa kutaura zvinobudirira nevagadziri, uye zvinopesana. Sezvavanotaura, musoro mumwe wakanaka, asi maviri ari nani.

Uye iyo yekupedzisira ruzivo mune iyi michina ndeye Git. Kushanda neGit nderimwe remazuva ese mabasa ehurongwa hwemaneja. Iyi vhezheni yekudzora sisitimu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nevagadziri, DevOps nyanzvi, Agile zvikwata nevamwe vazhinji. Kana basa rako rine hukama nesoftware hupenyu kutenderera, saka iwe zvechokwadi uchashanda neGit.

Git ine zvakawanda zvezvinhu. Iwe haungambo dzidza ese emirairo yeGit, asi iwe unozonyatsonzwisisa kuti nei chiri chinhu chikuru mukutaurirana kwesoftware uye kubatana. Ruzivo rwakakwana rweGit rwakakosha zvakanyanya kana uri kushanda muchikwata cheDevOps.

Kana iwe uri sisitimu maneja, saka iwe unofanirwa kudzidza zvirinani Git, unzwisise kuti shanduro yekutonga inovakwa sei uye rangarira iyo yakajairwa mirairo: git status, git commit -m, git add, git pull, git push, git rebase, git branch, git diff nevamwe. Kune akawanda epamhepo makosi uye mabhuku anogona kukubatsira iwe kudzidza iyi musoro kubva kutanga uye kuve nyanzvi ine hunyanzvi hwakananga. Kunewo anoshamisa cheat sheets nemirairo yeGit, saka haufanirwe kuarovera ese, asi kana iwe ukanyanya kushandisa Git, zvinova nyore.

mhedziso

Pakupedzisira, iwe unosarudza kana iwe uchida kuve nyanzvi yeDevOps kana kuti zviri nani kuramba uri maneja wehurongwa. Sezvauri kuona, pane yekudzidza curve yekuita shanduko, asi nekukurumidza kwaunotanga, zviri nani. Sarudza mutauro wepurogiramu uye panguva imwe chete dzidza maturusi akadai Git (version control), Jenkins (CI / CD, kuenderera mberi kubatanidzwa) uye Anable (kugadzirisa uye otomatiki). Chero sarudzo yaunosarudza, usakanganwa kuti iwe unofanirwa kugara uchidzidza nekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwako.

Source: www.habr.com