Ruzivo rwekuitwa kweRSTP uye proprietary Yakawedzerwa Ring Redundancy protocol

Iwe unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvekushandisa nezve RSTP protocol paInternet. Muchikamu chino, ini ndinokurudzira kuenzanisa RSTP protocol neproprietary protocol kubva Phoenix Bata - Yakawedzerwa Ring Redundancy.

RSTP Implementation Details

General information

Convergence nguva – 1-10 s
Zvinogoneka topology – chero

Zvinotendwa zvakanyanya kuti RSTP inongobvumira ma switch kuti abatanidzwe mumhete:

Asi RSTP inokutendera kuti ubatanidze ma switch chero nzira yaunoda. Semuenzaniso, RSTP inogona kubata iyi topology.

Pfungwa yekushanda

RSTP inoderedza chero topology kumuti. Imwe yekuchinja inova pakati peiyo topology - iyo midzi switch. Iyo mudzi switch inotakura iyo data yakawanda kuburikidza pachayo.

Iyo yekushandisa musimboti yeRSTP ndeiyi inotevera:

1. simba rinopihwa kune switch;
2. midzi inoshandura inosarudzwa;
3. iyo yakasara switches inosarudza nzira inokurumidza kuenda kumudzi switch;
4. zviteshi zvasara zvakavharwa uye kuva backup.

Kusarudza Root Switch

Shanduko neRSTP yekuchinjanisa BPDU mapaketi. A BPDU ipakiti yebasa ine ruzivo rweRSTP. BPDU inouya mumhando mbiri:

• Kugadzirisa BPDU.
• Topology Change Notification.

Kugadzirisa BPDU inoshandiswa kuvaka iyo topology. Chete midzi switch ndiyo inotumira. Configuration BPDU ine:

• Sender ID (Bridge ID);
• Root Bridge ID;
• chiziviso chechiteshi chakatumirwa pakiti iyi (Port ID);
• mutengo wenzira kuenda kumudzi switch (Root Path Cost).

Chero switch inogona kutumira Topology Change Notification. Vanotumirwa kana topology yachinja.

Mushure mekubatidza, ma switch ese anozviona senge midzi switch. Vanotanga kutumira BPDU mapaketi. Kana switch yangogamuchira BPDU ine yakaderera Bridge ID pane yayo, haichazvioni seyo mudzi switch.

Bridge ID ine maitiro maviri - MAC kero uye Bridge Priority. Hatigone kuchinja kero yeMAC. Bridge Priority by default is 32768. Kana ukasachinja Bridge Priority, switch ine yakaderera MAC kero ichava mudzi chinja. Iyo switch ine diki kero yeMAC ndiyo yekare uye inogona kunge isiri iyo inonyanya kuita. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti iwe pachako utsanangure iyo mudzi switch yetopology yako. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kugadzirisa diki Bridge Priority (somuenzaniso, 0) pane midzi switch. Iwe unogona zvakare kutsanangura backup midzi switch nekuipa iyo yakakwira zvishoma Bridge Priority (semuenzaniso, 4096).

Kusarudza nzira inoenda kumudzi wekuchinja

Iyo midzi switch inotumira BPDU mapaketi kune ese anoshanda ports. Iyo BPDU ine Path Cost munda. Path Cost inoreva mutengo wenzira. Iyo yakakwirira mutengo wenzira, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti pakiti itumirwe. Kana BPDU ichipfuura nepachiteshi, mutengo unowedzerwa kuPath Cost field. Nhamba yakawedzerwa inonzi Port Cost.

Inowedzera imwe kukosha kuPath Cost kana BPDU ichipfuura nepachiteshi. Kukosha kunowedzera kunonzi mutengo wechiteshi uye unogona kutariswa nemaoko kana otomatiki. Mutengo wePort unogona kutariswa nemaoko kana otomatiki.

Kana iyo isiri-midzi switch ine akati wandei dzimwe nzira kumudzi, inosarudza iyo inokurumidza. Inofananidza Mutengo weNzira yenzira idzi. Chiteshi chakabva neBPDU neiyo yakaderera Path Cost inova Root Port.

Mari yezviteshi inopihwa otomatiki inogona kutariswa patafura:

Port Baud Rate
Port cost

10 Mb/s
2 000 000

100 Mb/s
200 000

1 Gb / s
20 000

10 Gb / s
2 000

Port mabasa uye zvimiro

Chinja zviteshi zvine akati wandei mastatus uye chiteshi mabasa.

Port status (ye STP):

• Kuremara - kusashanda.
• Kuvhara - inoteerera BPDU, asi haifambisi. Haisi kutumira data.
• Kuteerera - kuteerera uye kutumira BPDU. Haisi kutumira data.
• Kudzidza-kuteerera uye kutumira BPDU. Inogadzirira kuendesa data - inozadza iyo MAC kero tafura.
• Kuendesa mberi - kuendesa mberi data, kuteerera uye kutumira BPDU.

STP convergence time is 30-50 seconds. Mushure mekubatidza switch, zvese zviteshi zvinoenda nematatu ese. Chiteshi chinoramba chiri muchimiro chega chega kwemasekonzi akati wandei. Iyi misimboti yekushandisa ndosaka STP ine nguva yakareba yekusangana. RSTP ine zviteshi zvishoma.

Port status (yeRSTP):

• Kurasa – kusashanda.
• Kurasa - inoteerera BPDU, asi haitumire. Haisi kutumira data.
• Kurasa - inoteerera uye inotumira BPDU. Haisi kutumira data.
• Kudzidza-kuteerera uye kutumira BPDU. Inogadzirira kuendesa data - inozadza iyo MAC kero tafura.
• Kuendesa mberi - kuendesa mberi data, kuteerera uye kutumira BPDU.
• MuRSTP, Vakaremara, Kuvharira uye Kuteerera zvimiro zvinosanganiswa kuita imwe - Kurasa.

Port mabasa:

• Root port - chiteshi kuburikidza iyo data inofambiswa. Iyo inoshanda senzira inokurumidza kuenda kune midzi switch.
• Yakatemerwa chiteshi - chiteshi kuburikidza iyo data inofambiswa. Inotsanangurwa kune yega yega LAN segment.
• Alternate port - port iyo iyo data haina kufambiswa. Ndiyo imwe nzira kune root switch.
• Backup port - port iyo iyo data haina kutamiswa. Iyo inzira yekuchengetedza yechikamu apo imwe RSTP-inogonesa chiteshi yakatobatana. Backup port inoshandiswa kana maviri switch chiteshi akabatana kune chimwe chikamu (yekuverenga hub).
• Chiteshi chakaremara - RSTP yakadzimwa pachiteshi ichi.

Sarudzo yeRoot Port inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Iyo Yakatemerwa port inosarudzwa sei?

Kutanga, ngatitsanangure kuti chikamu cheLAN chii. Chikamu cheLAN kugongana domainKune switch kana router, port yega yega inoumba nzvimbo yakasiyana yekukonana. Chikamu cheLAN inzira iri pakati pe switch kana routers. Kune hub, ma port ese ari munzvimbo imwechete yekukonana.

Imwe chete Yakatemerwa Port inopihwa pachikamu.

Panyaya yezvikamu uko kwatova Root Ports, zvinhu zvose zvakajeka. Chiteshi chechipiri pachikamu chinova Chiteshi Chakarongwa.

Asi panosara mabheji ekuchengetedza, apo pachave neiyo Yakatemerwa Port uye imwe Alternate Port. Vachasarudzwa sei? Yakasarudzwa Port ichave chiteshi chine yakaderera Path Mutengo kune mudzi switch. Kana Mari Yenzira yakaenzana, ipapo Iyo Yakatemerwa Port ichave chiteshi chiri pa switch ine yakaderera Bridge ID. Kana uye Bridge ID zvakaenzana, ipapo iyo Yakatemerwa Port inova chiteshi chine nhamba yakaderera. Chiteshi chechipiri chichava Alternate.

Pane imwe poindi yekupedzisira: riini iro basa reBackup rinopihwa kuchiteshi? Sezvatonyorwa pamusoro apa, iyo Backup port inoshandiswa chete kana maviri chinja chiteshi akabatana kune imwechete segment, kureva, kune hub. Mune ino kesi, Yakatemerwa Port inosarudzwa uchishandisa chaiwo maitiro akafanana:

• Yakaderera Path Mutengo kune mudzi switch.
• Diki Bridge ID.
• Diki Port ID.

Nhamba yepamusoro yezvishandiso panetiweki

Iyo IEEE 802.1D chiyero haina zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa pahuwandu hwemidziyo paLAN ine RSTP. Asi chiyero chinokurudzira kushandisa zvisingasviki 7 switches mune rimwe bazi (kwete kupfuura 7 hops), i.e. kwete kupfuura 15 mumhete. Kana kukosha uku kwapfuura, iyo network convergence nguva inotanga kuwedzera.

ERR ruzivo rwekuita.

General information

Convergence nguva

ERR convergence nguva ndeye 15 ms. Nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuchinja mumhete uye kuvapo kwekubatanidza mhete - 18 ms.

Zvinogoneka topology

ERR haibvumiri zvishandiso kuti zvibatanidzwe zvakasununguka seRSTP. ERR ine pachena topology inogona kushandiswa:

• The Ring
• Duplicate mhete
• Patanidza kusvika kune zvindori zvitatu

The Ring

Kana ERR ichibatanidza zvese zvinochinja kuita mhete imwe, ipapo pane imwe neimwe switch inofanirwa kugadzirisa madoko anozotora chikamu mukuvaka mhete.

Mhete mbiri


Kushandura kunogona kusanganiswa kuita mhete mbiri, iyo inowedzera zvakanyanya kuvimbika kwemhete.

Mhete dzemhete mbiri:

• Mhete mbiri haigone kushandiswa kuchinjisa masiwichi nemamwe mhete. Kuti uite izvi unofanirwa kushandisa Ring Coupling.
• Mhete mbiri haigone kushandiswa kugadzira mhete.

Kubatanidza zvindori

Kana kubatanidza, hapagone kuve nemidziyo inodarika mazana maviri pane network.

Kubatanidza zvindori kunosanganisira kubatanidza zvindori zvakasara mune imwe mhete.

Kana iyo mhete yakabatana kune iyo interface mhete kuburikidza neimwe switch, saka izvi zvinodanwa kubatanidza zvindori kuburikidza neimwe switch. Kana maviri maswiti kubva kumhete yemunharaunda akabatana kune iyo interface mhete, zvino izvi zvichave pairing kuburikidza nemagetsi maviri.

Kana kubatanidza kuburikidza neimwe switch pane mudziyo, ese madoko anoshandiswa. Nguva yekubatanidza munyaya iyi ichave inenge 15-17 ms. Nekubatanidza kwakadaro, kushandura kwekubatanidza kuchava nzvimbo yekukundikana, nokuti Sezvo warasa switch iyi, mhete yese inorasika kamwechete. Kubatanidza kuburikidza nekuchinja maviri kunodzivirira izvi.

Zvinokwanisika kuenzanisa zvindori zvakapetwa.

Path Control


Iyo Path Control basa inobvumidza iwe kugadzirisa madoko kuburikidza iyo data ichafambiswa mune yakajairika kushanda. Kana iyo chiteshi ikatadza uye network ichivakwazve kune iyo backup topology, ipapo kana chiteshi chadzoreredzwa, network inovakwa patsva kudzokera kune yakatsanangurwa topology.

Iyi ficha inobvumidza iwe kuchengetedza pane backup tambo. Uyezve, iyo topology inoshandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko inogara ichizivikanwa.

Iyo huru topology inoshandura kune iyo backup topology mu15 ms. Kudzokera kumashure kana network yadzoreredzwa inotora anenge makumi matatu ms.

Kukanganisa:

• Haikwanise kushandiswa pamwe chete neDual Ring.
• Iyo ficha inofanirwa kuve yakagoneswa pane ese ma switch mune network.
• Imwe yekuchinja inogadziriswa sePath Control master.
• Kushandura otomatiki kune iyo huru topology mushure mekupora kunoitika mushure mesekondi 1 nekukasira (iyi parameter inogona kuchinjwa uchishandisa SNMP muchikamu kubva 0 s kusvika 99 s).

Pfungwa yekushanda

Operating musimboti ERR

Semuenzaniso, funga zvitanhatu zvinoshandura - 1-6. Kuchinja kunosanganiswa kuita mhete. Imwe neimwe switch inoshandisa madoko maviri kuti abatanidze kune mhete uye anochengeta iwo mastatus. Shandura chiteshi chemberi kune imwe neimwe. Zvishandiso zvinoshandisa iyi data kugadzirisa mamiriro ekutanga ezviteshi.

Ports ane mabasa maviri chete - Yakadziviswa и Kutsika.

Iyo switch ine yepamusoro MAC kero inovhara chiteshi chayo. Mamwe madoko ese ari mumhete ari kutumira data.

Kana chiteshi Chakavharika chikamira kushanda, ipapo chiteshi chinotevera chine kero yepamusoro yeMAC inova Yakavharwa.

Kana yangobhowa, ma switch anotanga kutumira Ring Protocol Data Units (R-PDUs). R-PDU inofambiswa uchishandisa multicast. R-PDU ishoko rebasa, seBPDU muRSTP. Iyo R-PDU ine switch port statuses uye yayo MAC kero.

Algorithm yezviito muchiitiko chekutadza kwechiteshi
Kana chinongedzo chikatadza, ma switch anotumira maR-PDU kuti azivise kuti mamiriro ezviteshi achinja.

Algorithm yezviito kana uchidzoreredza chiteshi
Kana chinongedzo chakatadza chikauya online, switch inotumira R-PDUs kuzivisa madoko nezve shanduko yemamiriro.

Iyo switch ine yepamusoro MAC kero inova iyo itsva mudzi switch.

Iyo yakakundikana chiteshi inova yekuchengeta imwe.

Mushure mekudzoreredzwa, imwe yechiteshi chechiteshi inoramba yakavharwa, uye yechipiri inotamirwa kune yekutumira nyika. Chiteshi chakavharwa chinova chiteshi chine sipidhi yepamusoro. Kana kumhanya kwakaenzana, ipapo switch port ine yepamusoro MAC kero ichavharwa. Iyi nheyo inobvumira iwe kuvhara chiteshi chinozofamba kubva kune yakavharwa nyika kuenda kune yekutumira kune yakanyanya kumhanya.

Nhamba yepamusoro yezvishandiso panetiweki

Huwandu hwehuwandu hwekuchinja mune ERR mhete ndeye 200.

Kudyidzana pakati peERR neRSTP

RSTP inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete neERR. Asi mhete yeRSTP uye mhete yeERR inofanira kungopindirana neshanduko imwe chete.

Summary

ERR yakanakira kuronga akajairwa topology. Semuenzaniso, mhete kana mhete yakadhindwa.

Topologies dzakadaro dzinowanzo shandiswa kune redundancy muzvivakwa zveindasitiri.

Uyezve, nerubatsiro rweERR, iyo yechipiri topology inogona kuitwa zvishoma yakavimbika, asi zvakanyanya kudhura-zvinobudirira. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa duplicate ring.

Asi hazviiti nguva dzose kushandisa ERR. Pane zvirongwa zvekune dzimwe nyika. Takaedza iyo inotevera topology nemumwe wevatengi vedu.

Muchiitiko ichi, ERR haigone kushanda. Pachirongwa ichi takashandisa RSTP. Mutengi aive nechido chakasimba chenguva yekusangana - isingasviki 3 s. Kuti uwane nguva iyi, zvaive zvakafanira kutsanangura zvakajeka midzi inoshandura (yekutanga uye yekuchengetedza), pamwe chete nemari yezvikepe mumutauro wekunyora.

Nekuda kweizvozvo, ERR ine mukana unooneka maererano nenguva yekuchinja, asi haipe kuchinjika kunopihwa neRSTP.

Source: www.habr.com