Sezvineiwo, izwi iri harina yakanaka Russian-mutauro analogue. Wikipedia inopa "multi-tenancy, multiple tenancy." Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinodaidzwa kuti "muridzi wakawanda." Aya mazwi anogona kuvhiringa, sezvo nyaya yacho isingabatanidzwe nekurenda kana kuve muridzi. Uyu mubvunzo wekugadzira software uye sangano rekushanda kwayo. Uye iyo yekupedzisira haina kuderera kukosha.
Takatanga kugadzira manzwisisiro edu ezvakawanda panguva imwe chete patakatanga kugadzira nzira yegore (sevhisi) modhi yebasa mu1C: Enterprise. Izvi zvakaitika makore akati kuti apfuura. Uye kubvira ipapo kunzwisisa kwedu kwakaramba kuchiwedzera. Isu tiri kugara tichiwana zvimwe uye zvimwe zvitsva zvechinyorwa ichi (zvakanakira, zvakashata, zvinonetsa, zvimiro, nezvimwewo).
Dzimwe nguva vanogadzira vanonzwisisa multitenancy sechinyorwa chakareruka: "kuitira kuti data remasangano akati wandei richengetwe mune imwe dhatabhesi, unofanirwa kuwedzera koramu ine identifier yesangano kumatafura ese uye kuseta sefa pairi." Isu, hongu, takatangawo kudzidza kwedu nezvenyaya kubva panguva ino. Asi vakakurumidza kuona kuti uku kwaingova kujekesa kumwe chete (zvakare, nenzira, kwete nyore). Kazhinji, iyi i "nyika yose".
Pfungwa yekutanga yemultitenancy inogona kutsanangurwa seizvi. Iyo yakajairika application imba yekutandarira yakagadzirirwa kugara imwe mhuri, iyo inoshandisa zvivakwa zvayo (madziro, denga, mvura, kupisa, nezvimwewo). A multitenancy application chivakwa chefurati. Mariri, mhuri imwe neimwe inoshandisa zvivakwa zvakafanana, asi hupfumi pachahwo hunoitwa kune imba yese.
Iyo nzira ye multitenancy yakanaka here kana yakaipa? Iwe unogona kuwana maonero akasiyana kwazvo pane izvi. Panoratidzika kunge pasina "chakanaka kana chakaipa" zvachose. Iwe unofanirwa kuenzanisa zvakanakira uye zvakaipira mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo emabasa ari kugadziriswa. Asi iyi inyaya yakasiyana...
Mupfungwa yayo yakapfava, chinangwa chemultitenancy kudzikisa mutengo wekuchengetedza application ne "socializing" mitengo yezvivakwa. Uku ndiko kufamba kwakafanana nekudzikisa mutengo wekushandisa nekushandisa mhinduro yekugadzira (pamwe nekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa), pane kuinyora "kuti uodha." Muchiitiko chimwe chete budiriro inofambiswa, uye mune imwe - kushandiswa.
Uyezve, tinodzokorora, hapana hukama hwakananga kune nzira yekutengesa. Multitenancy architecture inogona zvakare kushandiswa mune yekambani kana yedhipatimendi IT zvivakwa kuita otomatiki nhamba huru yemapazi akafanana uye mabhizinesi ekubata.
Tinogona kutaura kuti multitenancy haisi nyaya yekuronga kuchengetedza data. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wemashandisirwo anoitwa chishandiso chakazara (kusanganisira chikamu chakakosha chezvivakwa zvayo, modhi yekuendesa, uye sangano rekugadzirisa).
Chinhu chakanyanya kuoma uye chinonakidza nezve multitenancy modhi, inoratidzika kwatiri, ndechekuti musimboti wechishandiso "bifurcates." Chikamu chekushanda chinoshanda nenzvimbo dzakatarwa dze data (mafurati) uye "hachifarire" mukuti kune vagari mune dzimwe dzimba. Uye vamwe vanoona imba yacho yakazara uye vanoshanda kune vese vagari kamwechete. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekupedzisira haigone kufuratira chokwadi chekuti idzi, shure kwezvose, dzakaparadzana dzimba, uye zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi cheiyo inodiwa nhanho ye granularity uye chengetedzo.
Mu1C: Bhizinesi, iyo multitenancy modhi inoitwa pamwero we akati wandei matekinoroji. Aya ndiwo maitiro e1C:Enterprise platform, maitiro e"Uye"", michina (maraibhurari ezvakajairwa subsystems).
Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinobatsira pakuvakwa kwezvivakwa zvese zvechivako chefurati. Sei izvi zvichiitwa mune akati wandei matekinoroji, uye kwete mune imwe, semuenzaniso, mupuratifomu? Chokutanga pane zvose, nokuti mamwe maitiro, mumaonero edu, anonyatsokodzera kugadzirisa imwe sarudzo yekuendesa. Asi kazhinji, uyu mubvunzo wakaoma, uye isu tinogara takatarisana nesarudzo - padanho ripi zviri nani kushandisa ichi kana icho chikamu chemultitenancy.
Zviripachena, chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro anodiwa kuti aitwe pachikuva. Zvakanaka, semuenzaniso, iyo chaiyo data kupatsanurwa. Apa ndipo panowanzotanga vanhu kutaura nezve multitenancy. Asi pakupedzisira, iyo multitenancy modhi "yakafamba" kuburikidza nechikamu chakakosha chemaitiro epuratifomu uye yaida kunatswa kwavo, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kufunga patsva.
Padanho repuratifomu, takashandisa nzira dzakakosha. Ivo vanokutendera iwe kuti ugadzire maapplication anomhanya mune multitenancy modhi. Asi kuitira kuti zvikumbiro "zvirarame uye kushanda" mumuenzaniso wakadaro, unoda kuva nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa "mabasa ehupenyu" avo. 1cFresh matekinoroji uye yakabatana bhizinesi logic layer padanho reBSP vane basa reizvi. Sezvinongoita muchivako chefurati zvivakwa zvinopa vagari nezvese zvavanoda, saka 1cFresh matekinoroji anopa zvese zvavanoda kune maapplication ari kuita multitenancy modhi. Uye kuitira kuti zvikumbiro zvigone kupindirana neichi chivakwa (pasina zvakakosha shanduko), inoenderana "zvibatanidza" zvinoiswa mazviri muchimiro cheBSP subsystems.
Kubva pakuona kwemaitiro epuratifomu, zviri nyore kuona kuti isu patinowana ruzivo uye nekuvandudza gore rekushandisa kesi "1C: Bhizinesi," tiri kuwedzera kuumbwa kwemaitiro anobatanidzwa mukuvaka uku. Ngatipei muenzaniso mumwe. Mune iyo multitenancy modhi, mabasa evatori vechikamu vebasa rekushandisa anochinja zvakanyanya. Basa (chikamu chebasa) reavo vane basa rekushandisa maapplication rinowedzera zvakanyanya. Zvakava zvakafanira kuti vave nemasimba akawanda ekudzora maturusi ekushandisa. Nekuti vashandisi vekushandisa (vagari) vanovimba kutanga kune vese mupi wavanoshanda naye. Kuti tiite izvi, takashandisa imwe itsva . Iyi nzira inobvumira vatariri vanopa kudzikamisa rusununguko rwevagadziri vekushandisa kusvika padanho rinodiwa rekuchengetedza - muchidimbu, kuparadzanisa kushanda kwechikumbiro chemurendi wega wega mukati meimwe sandbox.
Hazvina kunyanyo kunakidza dhizaini yekutonga maapplication anoshanda mumultitenancy mode (izvo zvinoitwa mu1cFresh uye BSP tekinoroji). Pano, zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa deployment modhi, izvo zvinodiwa zve automation yemaitiro ekutarisira zvinowedzerwa zvakanyanya. Kune akawanda emaitiro akadaro: kugadzira nzvimbo nyowani dzedata ("mapaiti"), kuvandudza maapplication, kuvandudza ruzivo rwezvemitemo, backups, nezvimwe. Uye, hongu, zvinodiwa padanho rekuvimbika uye kuwanikwa kuri kuwedzera. Semuenzaniso, kuve nechokwadi chekudyidzana kwakavimbika pakati pezvishandiso uye zvidzoreso system zvikamu, takaita asynchronous call system tekinoroji ine yakavimbiswa kutumirwa.
Chinhu chakajeka kwazvo inzira yekushamwaridzana data uye maitiro. Zvinoita sezviri nyore (kana zvichiita kune mumwe munhu) chete pakutanga kuona. Dambudziko guru nderokuenzanisa pakati pecentralization yedata uye maitiro uye decentralization. Kune rimwe divi, centralization inobvumidza iwe kuderedza mutengo (dhisiki nzvimbo, processor zviwanikwa, maneja kuedza ...). Kune rumwe rutivi, inoderedza rusununguko rwe "varindi". Iyi ndiyo imwe yenguva dze "bifurcation" yechishandiso, apo mugadziri anofanirwa kufunga panguva imwe chete nezve mashandisirwo nenzira yakamanikana (kushandira imwe "imba") uye mupfungwa yakafara (kushandira vese "varidzi" kamwechete) .
Semuenzaniso we "dambudziko" rakadaro, munhu anogona kutaura ruzivo rwekutonga uye rengedzo. Zvechokwadi, kune muedzo mukuru wekuita kuti zvive zvakajairika kune vose "varoja" veimba. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uichengete mune imwe kopi uye kuigadziridza kune wese munhu kamwechete. Asi zvinoitika kuti vamwe vagari vanoda shanduko chaiyo. Zvinoshamisa kuti, mukuita izvi zvinoitika, kunyangwe kune ruzivo rwunotsanangurwa nevatongi (matumbi ehurumende). Izvi zvinoshanduka kuva mubvunzo wakaoma: kushamwaridzana kana kusashamwaridzana? Kunoedza, chokwadika, kuita kuti ruzivo ruve rwakakwana kumunhu wose uye rwakavanzika kune avo vanoruda. Uye izvi zvinototungamira kune yakaoma kwazvo kuita. Asi isu tiri kushanda pane izvi ...
Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye dhizaini yekushandiswa kwemaitiro enguva dzose (akaitwa pachirongwa, chakatangwa nehurongwa hwekutonga, nezvimwewo). Kune rumwe rutivi, vanogona kushandiswa kune imwe neimwe nzvimbo yedata zvakasiyana. Zviri nyore uye zviri nyore. Asi, kune rumwe rutivi, granularity yakanaka yakadaro inogadzira mutoro wakakura pane system. Kuti uderedze mutoro, unofanirwa kuita maitiro ekushamwaridzana. Asi zvinoda kunyatsodzidza.
Chokwadi, izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo unokosha zvikuru. Vagadziri vekushandisa vanogona sei kuvimbisa multitenancy? Chii chavanofanira kuita nokuda kweizvi? Ehe, isu tinoyedza kuona kuti kuremerwa kwezvinhu zvetekinoroji uye zvezvivakwa zvinowira zvakanyanya sezvinobvira pamapfudzi etekinoroji yakapihwa, uye mugadziri wekushandisa anofunga chete maererano nebhizinesi logic mabasa. Asi sezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuvaka, vanogadzira maapplication vanofanirwa kuve nekumwe kunzwisisa kwekushanda mumultitenancy modhi uye kumwe kuedza kunozodiwa pakugadzira maapplication. Sei? Nekuti pane mapoinzi ayo tekinoroji haigone kupa otomatiki pasina kufunga nezve semantics yedata. Semuenzaniso, tsanangudzo imwechete yemiganhu yeruzivo rwekushamwaridzana. Asi tinoedza kuita kuti matambudziko aya ave madiki. Patova nemienzaniso yekushandiswa kwezvikumbiro zvakadaro.
Chinhu chakakosha mumamiriro ekushandisa multitenancy mu1C: Bhizinesi nderekuti isu tiri kugadzira yakasanganiswa modhi umo imwe application inogona kushanda mune ese ari maviri multitenancy modhi uye yakajairika modhi. Iri ibasa rakaoma zvikuru uye musoro wehurukuro yakasiyana.
Source: www.habr.com