NeMugovera Chivabvu 30, 2020, dambudziko risinganyatsojeka rakamuka neanozivikanwa SSL / TLS zvitupa kubva kumutengesi Sectigo (aimbova Comodo). Zvitupa pachazvo zvakaramba zviri muhurongwa hwakakwana, zvisinei, chimwe chezvitupa zveCA mumaketani aipihwa zvitupa izvi chakaora. Mamiriro acho haarevi kuti anouraya, asi asingafadzi: shanduro dzemazuva ano dzebrowser hadzina kucherechedza chero chinhu, zvisinei, mazhinji maotomatiki uye mabhurawuza ekare / OS akange asina kugadzirira kutendeuka kwakadaro.
Habr yakanga isiri iyo, ndosaka chirongwa ichi chedzidzo / postmortem chakanyorwa.
TL; DR Solution kumagumo chaiko.
Ngatisvetuke dzidziso yekutanga nezve PKI, SSL / TLS, https nezvimwe. Iyo mechanics yehuchokwadi ine domain cheti yekuchengetedza ndeyekuvaka cheni yezvitupa kune imwe yeavo vanovimbwa nebrowser kana sisitimu yekushandisa, izvo zvakachengetwa mune inonzi Trust Store. Rondedzero iyi inogoverwa neiyo inoshanda sisitimu, kodhi runtime ecosystem, kana browser. Chero zvitupa zvine zuva rekupera basa mushure mezvo zvinoonekwa sevasina kuvimbika, kusanganisira zvitupa muchitoro chekuvimba. Ko cheni yekuvimba yaitaridzika sei zuva renjodzi risati rasvika? Chishandiso chewebhu chichatibatsira kuti tizvione kubva kuQualys.
Saka, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa "zvekutengesa" zvitupa ndeye Sectigo Positive SSL (yaimbova Comodo Positive SSL, zvitupa zvine zita iri zvichiri kushandiswa), ndiyo inonzi DV-chitupa. DV ndiyo yakanyanya primitive level yecertification, zvichireva tsinhiro yekuwanikwa kwedomeni manejimendi neanopa chitupa chakadaro. Chaizvoizvo, DV inomirira "domain validation". Zvekureva: kune zvakare OV (sangano kusimbiswa) uye EV (yakawedzerwa kusimbiswa), uye chitupa chemahara kubva kuLet's Encrypt zvakare DV. Kune avo nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero vasingagutsikane neiyo ACME michina, iyo Positive SSL chigadzirwa ndicho chakanyanya kufanira maererano nemutengo / maficha (imwe-domain chitupa chinodhura madhora mashanu-5 pagore iine chitupa chakazara chechokwadi nguva yekukwira. kusvika kumakore maviri nemwedzi mitatu).
Iyo Sectigo DV Generic Certificate (RSA) kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika yakauya neiyi ketani yepakati maCAs:
Certificate #1:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
7d:5b:51:26:b4:76:ba:11:db:74:16:0b:bc:53:0d:a7
Signature Algorithm: sha384WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, ST=New Jersey, L=Jersey City, O=The USERTRUST Network, CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
Validity
Not Before: Nov 2 00:00:00 2018 GMT
Not After : Dec 31 23:59:59 2030 GMT
Subject: C=GB, ST=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=Sectigo Limited, CN=Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA
Certificate #2:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
13:ea:28:70:5b:f4:ec:ed:0c:36:63:09:80:61:43:36
Signature Algorithm: sha384WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=SE, O=AddTrust AB, OU=AddTrust External TTP Network, CN=AddTrust External CA Root
Validity
Not Before: May 30 10:48:38 2000 GMT
Not After : May 30 10:48:38 2020 GMT
Subject: C=US, ST=New Jersey, L=Jersey City, O=The USERTRUST Network, CN=USERTrust RSA Certification AuthorityIko hakuna "chitupa chechitatu", yakazvisaina kubva kuAddTrust AB, sezvo pane imwe nguva nekufamba kwenguva zvakazoonekwa setsika dzakaipa kusanganisira kuzvisainira midzi zvitupa mumaketani. Ziva kuti iyo yepakati CA yakapihwa neAddTrust's UserTrust ine zuva rekupera kwaMay 30, 2020. Izvi hazvisi nyore, sezvo nzira yekubvisa basa yakarongerwa iyi CA. Zvaitendwa kuti panosvika Chivabvu 30, 2020, chitupa chakasainwa kubva kuUserTrust chaizoonekwa muzvitoro zvese zvekuvimba panguva ino (pasi pehodhi, ichi ndicho chitupa chimwe chete, kana kuti kiyi yeruzhinji) neketani, kunyangwe chatova chitupa chisina kuvimbika chinosanganisirwa, chichava nedzimwe nzira dzekuvaka uye hapana anozoona. Nekudaro, zvirongwa zvakapunzikira muchokwadi, kureva izwi refu rekuti "legacy system". Chokwadi, varidzi veshanduro dzemazuva ano dzebrowser havana kucherechedza chero chinhu, zvisinei, gomo re automation rakavakirwa pamaraibhurari e-curl uye ssl / tls emitauro yakawanda yekuronga uye nzvimbo dzekuita kodhi dzakaputsika. Izvo zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuti zvigadzirwa zvakawanda hazvitungamirirwe nemacheni ekuvaka maturusi akavakirwa muOS, asi "takura" chitoro chavo chekuvimba navo. Uye hadzisi nguva dzose dzine zvavanoda kuona. . Uye muLinux, mapakeji akaita se-ca-certificate haagarogadziridzwa. Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvose zvinoratidzika kuva zvakarongeka, asi chimwe chinhu hachishande pano nepapo.
Kubva paMufananidzo 1, zviri pachena kuti kunyangwe zvese zvaiita senge zvakajairika kune ruzhinji, chimwe chinhu chakaputsika kune mumwe munhu uye traffic yakanyura zvinooneka (kuruboshwe mutsara mutsvuku), yakazokura apo chimwe chezvitupa zvakakosha chakatsiviwa (mutsara wekurudyi). Pakaita kuputika kwepakati, pakachinjwa mamwe macertificates, pane chimwe chinhu zvakare. Sezvo kune ruzhinji zvese zvinoonekwa zvakaramba zvichishanda zvakanyanya kana zvishoma nguva nenguva (kunze kwekushamisa glitches senge kusagoneka kwekurodha mapikicha paHabrastorage), tinogona kuita mhedziso isina kunanga nezvehuwandu hwenhaka vatengi uye bots paHabrΓ©.
Mufananidzo 1. Girafu ye "traffic" paHabrΓ©.
Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza kuti "imwe nzira" inovakwa sei mushanduro dzazvino dzebrowser kune yakavimbika CA chitupa mubrowser yemushandisi, kunyangwe paine chitupa "chakaora" mucheni. Izvi, sekudavira kwake Sectigo, ndicho chikonzero chekusaita chero chinhu.
Mufananidzo 2. Chain kune chitupa chakavimbika cheshanduro yebrowser yemazuva ano.
Asi muMufananidzo 3, unogona kuona kuti zvinhu zvese zvinotaridzika sei kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka uye isu tine hurongwa hwenhaka. Mune ino kesi, iyo HTTPS yekubatanidza haina kusimbiswa uye isu tinoona kukanganisa senge "chitupa kusimbiswa kwakundikana" kana zvakafanana.
Mufananidzo 3. Cheni yakange isina kushanda nekuti chitupa chemidzi uye chepakati chakasainwa nacho "chakaora".
Mumufananidzo 4, isu tatoona "mhinduro" yemasisitimu enhaka: kune chimwe chitupa chepakati, kana kuti "muchinjiko-siginicha" kubva kune imwe CA, iyo inowanzomisikidzwa mumasisitimu enhaka. Izvi ndizvo zvaunofanira kuita: tsvaga chitupa ichi (chakanyorwa seKuwedzera kudhawunirodha) wotsiva icho "chakaora" nacho.
Mufananidzo 4. Alternative chain for legacy systems.
Nenzira: dambudziko harina kushambadza kwakakura uye imwe mhando yehurukuro yeruzhinji, kusanganisira nekuda kwekuzvikudza kwakanyanya kweSectigo. Semuenzaniso, heino maonero emumwe wevanopa zvitupa mukati kune iyi situation:
Kare ivo [Sectigo] akavimbisa munhu wese kuti hapana nyaya dzichaitika. Nekudaro, chokwadi ndechekuti mamwe maseva enhaka / zvishandiso zvinokanganiswa.
Iwoyo mamiriro ezvinhu asina musoro. Isu takanongedza kutarisisa kwavo kune inopera AddTrust RSA/ECC kakawanda mukati megore uye pese pese Sectigo yaitivimbisa kuti hapana nyaya ichave.
Ndakabvunza zvangu paStack Overflow pamusoro peizvi mwedzi wapfuura, asi sezviri pachena, vateereri vepurojekiti havana kunyatsokodzera mibvunzo yakadai, saka ndaifanira kuzvipindura ini mushure mekuongorora.
Sectigo Pane FAQ panyaya iyi, asi haiverengeki uye yakarebesa zvekuti hazvibviri kuishandisa. Heino quote inova quintessence yekuburitswa kwese:
Zvaunoda Kuti Uite
Kwemakesi mazhinji ekushandisa, kusanganisira zvitupa zvinoshandira zvemazuva ano mutengi kana sevha masisitimu, hapana chiito chinodiwa, kunyangwe iwe wakapa zvitupa zvakachinjika-cheni kune iyo AddTrust mudzi.Kubva muna Kubvumbi 30, 2020: Nezve mabhizinesi maitirwo anoenderana nemasisitimu ekare, Sectigo yakaita kuti iwanikwe (nekusagadzika mumasumbu etitifiketi) mudzi mutsva wenhaka wekuyambuka-kusaina, iyo "AAA Certificate Services" mudzi. Nekudaro, ndapota shandisa kungwarira kwakanyanya nezve chero maitiro anoenderana neakare ekare masisitimu. Masisitimu asina kugamuchira zvigadziriso zvinodikanwa kutsigira mitsva midzi seSectigo's COMODO midzi ichave isina kupotsa zvimwe zvakakosha zvekuchengetedza uye zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvisina kuchengeteka. Kana iwe uchiri kuda kuyambuka-kusaina kune iyo AAA Sitifiketi Services mudzi, ndapota bata Sectigo zvakananga.
Ini ndinoda chaizvo iyo "chembere" thesis, hongu. Semuenzaniso, curl muConsole yeUbuntu Linux 18.04 LTS (yedu base OS panguva ino) ine zvigadziriso zvazvino zvisati zvapfuura mwedzi, zvakaoma kufona zvekare, asi hazvishande.
Vazhinji vanogovera zvitupa vakaburitsa manotsi avo esarudzo mukupera kwemasikati kwaMay 30. Semuyenzaniso, akakodzera chaizvo muunyanzvi mashoko kubva (ine tsananguro chaiyo yezvekuita uye neyakagadzirirwa-yakagadzirwa CA-masumbu muzip archives, asi chete RSA):
Mufananidzo 5. Matanho manomwe ekugadzirisa zvinhu nekukurumidza.
kune kubva kuRedhat, asi kune yakawanda uye yakawanda Nhaka uye iwe unofanirwa kuisa yakatonyanya midzi legacy chitupa kubva kuComodo kuti zvese zvishande.
chisarudzo
Zvakakodzera kudzokorora mhinduro pano zvakare. Pazasi pane maviri seti emaketani ezvitupa DV Sectigo (kwete Comodo!), chimwe chezvitupa zvinozivikanwa zveRSA, chimwe chezvitupa zveECC (ECDSA) zvisinganyanyi kujaira (tave tichishandisa cheni mbiri kwenguva refu). NeECC, zvaive zvakanyanya kuoma, sezvo mhinduro zhinji dzisingafungi nezvekuvapo kwezvitupa zvakadaro nekuda kwekuderera kwavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chitupa chinodiwa chepakati chakawanikwa pa .
Chain yezvitupa yakavakirwa pane kiyi algorithm RSA. Enzanisa neketani yako uye cherechedza kuti chitupa chezasi chete chakatsiviwa, nepo chepamusoro chakaramba chakadaro. Ini ndinoasiyanisa kumba neatatu ekupedzisira mavara emabhesi64, tisingaverenge "akaenzana" hunhu (munyaya iyi. En8= ΠΈ 1+V):
# Subject: /C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=Sectigo Limited/CN=Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA
# Algo: RSA, key size: 2048
# Issuer: /C=US/ST=New Jersey/L=Jersey City/O=The USERTRUST Network/CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
# Not valid before: 2018-11-02T00:00:00Z
# Not valid after: 2030-12-31T23:59:59Z
# SHA-1 Fingerprint: 33:E4:E8:08:07:20:4C:2B:61:82:A3:A1:4B:59:1A:CD:25:B5:F0:DB
# SHA-256 Fingerprint: 7F:A4:FF:68:EC:04:A9:9D:75:28:D5:08:5F:94:90:7F:4D:1D:D1:C5:38:1B:AC:DC:83:2E:D5:C9:60:21:46:76
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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AQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1nMz1tc8INAA0hdFuNY+B6I/x0HuMjDJsGz99J/LEpgPLT+N
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00u/I5sUKUErmgQfky3xxzlIPK1aEn8=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
# Subject: /C=US/ST=New Jersey/L=Jersey City/O=The USERTRUST Network/CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
# Algo: RSA, key size: 4096
# Issuer: /C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=Comodo CA Limited/CN=AAA Certificate Services
# Not valid before: 2019-03-12T00:00:00Z
# Not valid after: 2028-12-31T23:59:59Z
# SHA-1 Fingerprint: D8:9E:3B:D4:3D:5D:90:9B:47:A1:89:77:AA:9D:5C:E3:6C:EE:18:4C
# SHA-256 Fingerprint: 68:B9:C7:61:21:9A:5B:1F:01:31:78:44:74:66:5D:B6:1B:BD:B1:09:E0:0F:05:CA:9F:74:24:4E:E5:F5:F5:2B
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIFgTCCBGmgAwIBAgIQOXJEOvkit1HX02wQ3TE1lTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADB7
MQswCQYDVQQGEwJHQjEbMBkGA1UECAwSR3JlYXRlciBNYW5jaGVzdGVyMRAwDgYD
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vGp4z7h/jnZymQyd/teRCBaho1+V
-----END CERTIFICATE-----Chain yezvitupa yakavakirwa pane kiyi algorithm ECC. Saizvozvo neketani yeRSA, chitupa chezasi chete chakatsiviwa, nepo chepamusoro chakaramba chakafanana (munyaya iyi. fmA== ΠΈ v/c=):
# Subject: /C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=Sectigo Limited/CN=Sectigo ECC Domain Validation Secure Server CA
# Algo: EC secp256r1, key size: 256
# Issuer: /C=US/ST=New Jersey/L=Jersey City/O=The USERTRUST Network/CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority
# Not valid before: 2018-11-02T00:00:00Z
# Not valid after: 2030-12-31T23:59:59Z
# SHA-1 Fingerprint: E8:49:90:CB:9B:F8:E3:AB:0B:CA:E8:A6:49:CB:30:FE:4D:C4:D7:67
# SHA-256 Fingerprint: 61:E9:73:75:E9:F6:DA:98:2F:F5:C1:9E:2F:94:E6:6C:4E:35:B6:83:7C:E3:B9:14:D2:24:5C:7F:5F:65:82:5F
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDqDCCAy6gAwIBAgIRAPNkTmtuAFAjfglGvXvh9R0wCgYIKoZIzj0EAwMwgYgx
CzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpOZXcgSmVyc2V5MRQwEgYDVQQHEwtKZXJz
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
# Subject: /C=US/ST=New Jersey/L=Jersey City/O=The USERTRUST Network/CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority
# Algo: EC secp384r1, key size: 384
# Issuer: /C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=Comodo CA Limited/CN=AAA Certificate Services
# Not valid before: 2019-03-12T00:00:00Z
# Not valid after: 2028-12-31T23:59:59Z
# SHA-1 Fingerprint: CA:77:88:C3:2D:A1:E4:B7:86:3A:4F:B5:7D:00:B5:5D:DA:CB:C7:F9
# SHA-256 Fingerprint: A6:CF:64:DB:B4:C8:D5:FD:19:CE:48:89:60:68:DB:03:B5:33:A8:D1:33:6C:62:56:A8:7D:00:CB:B3:DE:F3:EA
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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8qn0dNW44bOwgeThpWOjzOoEeJBuv/c=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----Ndizvo chaizvo. Ndinokutendai nekuteerera kwenyu.
Source: www.habr.com