Cloud4Y yakatotaura nezve zvinonakidza , yakagadzirwa muUSSR. Tichienderera mberi nemusoro, ngatirangarirei kuti ndeapi mamwe mapurojekiti aive netarisiro yakanaka, asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka haana kucherechedzwa zvakanyanya kana kuvharirwa zvachose.
Chiteshi chepeturu
Munguva yekugadzirira 80 Olympics, zvakasarudzwa kuratidza kune wese (uye kunyanya kunyika dzemacapitalist) yemazuva ano yeU.SR. Uye zviteshi zvegasi zvave imwe yenzira dzekuratidza simba uye ruzivo rwepamusoro rwenyika. MuJapan, dzinoverengeka (maererano nemamwe manyuko, 5 kana kuti 8, asi nhamba yacho haina kururama) zviteshi zvepeturu zvakaodhwa, izvo zvakanga zvakasiyana zvikuru nezviteshi zvegasi zvenguva dzose.
Yekutanga yakaiswa paBrovarsky Avenue muKyiv, pakati peDarnitsa neLivoberezhnaya metro station. Nenzira, chiteshi chegesi chiri kushanda uye , kunyange zvazvo mitsipa yemafuta haichadyiswa kubva kumusoro. Mimwe michina yakasara isina basa mudura kwenguva yakareba, uye ingave yakaora kana kubiwa, asi yakasara yaingokwana kune imwe chiteshi chepeturu. Yakaiswa mumugwagwa mukuru weKharkov.
Vakanga vasisaite zviteshi zvekuzadza sezvizvi. Zvisinei, paiva nevamwe. Somuenzaniso, muKuibyshev (zvino yava Samara) pamharadzano yeMoskovskoye Highway neRevolutionary Street paiva nechiteshi chegesi, uko mafuta aipiwawo kubva kumusoro.
Mumugwagwa mukuru wemhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku muNizhnyaya Khobz (pedyo neSochi) paiva nechiteshi chepeturu. Chiteshi ichi chakavakwa muna 1975 zvichienderana nedhizaini yekutanga, tichifunga nezvemamiriro enzvimbo, mamiriro ekunze uye yaive nemidziyo yemumba.
Zvinonzwisa tsitsi kuti apa ndipo pakapera pfungwa dzekugadzira dzekushongedza magasi. Nyika yakanga isina nguva yekugadzira, saka kutaridzika kwezviteshi zvegesi hakuna kuchinja zvakanyanya kusvika nhasi. Hongu, zvese zvave zvazvino uye zviri nyore, asi hunhu hwakafanana. Zvinhu zviri kufamba sei nemagadzirirwo ezviteshi zvepeturu kune dzimwe nyika? Heino sarudzo diki yeakanaka gasi zviteshi.
Mifananidzo yakawanda yezviteshi zvepeturu
Gas station paKharkov highway
Gas station muSochi ikozvino
Heino imwe isina kujairika yekuzadza. Mufananidzo wacho wakaitwa muna 1977
Iyo POPS Arcadia Route 66 gas station muOklahoma (USA) inoonekwa kubva kure nekuda kwebhodhoro hombe rakareba mamita makumi maviri.
Chiteshi chegesi muguta reAmerica reZilla chakagamuchira chimiro ichi mukukudza gomo riri pedyo, pakadzika pakabviswa mafuta. Gomo iri rainzi Teapot Dome, iro rakafanana nezwi rokuti teapot - kureva teapot
Asi isu hatife takavaka chiteshi chepeturu senge muCanada. Anoita sengozi yemoto
Nzvimbo yegesi kubva kuguta reSlovakia reMatushkovo, rakavakwa muna 2011, rinotaridzikawo rinonakidza. Canopy shapes inoita kunge masoza anobhururuka
Asi iyi "kupfeka kwegoridhe" kubva kuIraq ichaita kuti unzwe saMambo Midas.
Malevich's tea set
Aiwa, haasi mutema. Chena. Muimbi ane mukurumbira akauya neasina kujairika maumbirwo ejometri. Kazimir akapedza hupenyu hwake hwese achitsvaga mafomu matsva, achiedza kushandura pfungwa yekuti zvinhu zvakajairwa zvingataridzika sei. Uye muchiitiko chebasa, akabudirira.
Kusikwa kwesevhisi kwakagoneka nekuda kwekuti mushure meKumukira kwaGumiguru, Imperial Porcelain Factory yakatanga kugadzira porcelain yaive "shanduko mune zvemukati, yakakwana muchimiro uye isina kunaka mukuita kwehunyanzvi." Uye akashingairira kukwezva avant-garde artists kuti vagadzire miunganidzwa mitsva.
Basa raMalevich, rinosanganisira zvinhu zvina, muenzaniso unoshamisa wekushandiswa kweavant-garde pfungwa muzvinhu zvinoshanda. Iwo makapu mana anogadzirwa muchimiro cheakareruka hemispheres ane rectangular mibato. Uye iyo kettle inogona kutsanangurwa sekukunda kwekugadzira pamusoro pekushanda uye nyore. Chimiro chayo chisina kujairika chinokuvhiringa.
Zvokudya zveMalevich zvakanga zvisiri nyore, asi kune mhizha pfungwa yacho pachayo yakanga yakakosha. Zvigadzirwa zveavant-garde maartist hazvina kumbopinda mukugadzirwa kwakawanda, kunyangwe sevhisi ichiri kugadzirwa kuImperial Porcelain Factory.
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Lunar base "Zvezda"
Yekutanga yakadzama dhizaini yehwaro paMwedzi. Pfungwa yeguta remwedzi yakatariswa muma1960 nema70s. Yakanga yakarongwa kushandisa chiteshi paMwedzi chete nezvinangwa zvesainzi, kunyangwe hazvo hwaro hwacho hwaivewo nehondo: yaigona kugarisa masisitimu ezvokupotsera nemidziyo yekutevera yaisasvikika kune zvombo zvepanyika. Chirongwa ichi chasvika padanho rekupedzisira, asi nekuda kwematambudziko akati wandei, masayendisiti aifanira kukanzura chirongwa ichi.
Zvinoenderana neprojekiti, wekutanga kumhara paMwedzi yaive "chitima chemwedzi" chine 4 vazivi venyeredzi muchikepe. Nerubatsiro rwechitima, nhengo dzerwendo dzaizoitisa ongororo yenzvimbo iyi ndokutanga kuvaka hwaro hwechinguvana. Yakanga yakarongerwa kuendesa 9 mamodule kunzvimbo yemwedzi uchishandisa inorema yekutanga mota. Module yega yega yaive nechinangwa chaicho: marabhoritari, chengetedzo, workshop, galley, imba yekudyira, chiteshi cherubatsiro chekutanga chine imba yekurovedza muviri nemakamuri matatu ekugara.
Kureba kwemamodules ekugara aive 8,6 m, dhayamita - 3,3 m; huremu hwese - matani 18. Bhiri rakapfupikiswa risingapfuuri 4 m kureba rakaunzwa kuMwedzi panzvimbo. Uye zvino, kuvonga kune accordion yesimbi, yakatambanudzira kune yaidiwa urefu. Mukati maifanira kuzadzwa nefenicha inofefetera, uye masero ekurarama akagadzirirwa vanhu vaviri.
Vashandi vezvitundumuseremusere zvemwedzi vakasarudzwa, uye ndege dzakarongwa mukupera kwema1980. Chii chakakanganisika? Motokari dzekutanga dzakakundikana. Chirongwa chakavharwa munaNovember 24, 1972, apo kutangwa kwechina kweN-1 "lunar rocket" kwakapera mune imwe tsaona. Maererano nevanoongorora, chikonzero chekuputika kwaiva kusakwanisa kurongeka kudzora nhamba huru yeinjini. Uku ndiko kwaive kutadza kukuru kwaS.P. Mambokadzi. Mukuwedzera, vagadziri vakaverenga kuti nzendo dzemwedzi, kuvaka uye kugara kwenzvimbo yemwedzi kunoda anenge 50 bhiriyoni rubles ($80 bhiriyoni). Yaive mari yakawandisa. Pfungwa yekuvaka lunar base yakamiswa kusvika gare gare.
Kuona uye kudhirowa
OS DEMOS
Around 1982-1983 paInstitute of Atomic Energy yakatumidzwa zita. I. V. Kurchatov akaunza kugoverwa kweUNIX operating system (v6 uye v7). Kuve nekuita nyanzvi kubva kune mamwe masangano mubasa, masayendisiti akaedza kugadzirisa OS kuSoviet mamiriro ezvinhu: shandura iyo muchiRussia uye utange kuenderana nemidziyo yemumba. Chokutanga pane zvose, ne SM-4 uye SM-1420 motokari. Localization yakaitwa neInstitute for Advanced Studies yeMinistry of Automotive Industry.
Mushure mekubatanidza zvikwata, chirongwa ichi chakanzi DEMOS (Dialogue Unified Mobile Operating System). Zvinosetsa kuti inogona zvakare kunzi UNAS, sekunge kusiyanisa chokwadi chekuti UNIX "yavo". Uye iyo Ministry of Automotive Indasitiri yakatodaidza iyo system MNOS (Machine-Yakazvimirira Operating System).
Iyo Soviet OS yakabatanidza shanduro mbiri dzeUnix: iyo 16-bit DEC PDP OS uye iyo 32-bit VAX komputa system. DEMOS yakashanda pazvivakwa zvese. Uye apo kugadzirwa kweCM 1700, analogue yeVAX 730, yakatanga paVilnius chirimwa, DEMOS OS yakanga yatoiswa pairi.
Muna 1985, shanduro DEMOS 2.0 yakabudiswa, uye muna 1988, vagadziri veSoviet OS vakapiwa Mubairo weUSSR Council of Ministers for Science and Technology. Asi muma1990 chirongwa chakavharwa. Zvinosiririsa hazvo. Mushure mezvose, ndiani anoziva kana budiriro yedu inogona kupfuura chigadzirwa chemuvengi kubva kuMicrosoft?
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DEMOS vagadziri mushure memhemberero yemubairo
Paiva kunyange nebhuku pamusoro peSoviet OS. Uye wakewo buy!
Iyo kambani, yakatumidzwa mushure meiyo OS yayakagadzira, yakapona muUSSR
Nzvimbo yekushanda yaRodchenko
Alexander Rodchenko's constructivist mukati, inonzi "Workers' Club", yakaratidzwa muUSSR Pavilion paInternational Exhibition of Decorative Arts muParis muna 1925. Ichi chaive chiratidziro chikuru chekutanga chepasi rose umo Soviet Union yakatora chikamu. Rodchenko akasika nzvimbo ine mabasa akawanda inoratidza zvinangwa zvesangano idzva rinotarisa kune ramangwana. Zvaidavirwa kuti mukati ndiyo yaizova nzira huru yemakirabhu evashandi, mukugadzira nokuronga.
The Workers' Club haingori kamuri yakashongedzwa nemaitiro ekuvaka. Iyi yakanga iri huzivi hwechokwadi hwekugadzira nzvimbo iyo vashandi veSoviet vaigona kuchinjana maonero, kupa hurukuro, kubatanidzwa mukuzvidzidzisa, kutamba chess, nezvimwewo. Kutevera zvinyorwa zvemabasa akawanda, muenzi akagadzira compact zvinhu zvinogona kuchinjwa kuva vamwe.
Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekupeta inogonawo kuva nzvimbo yehurukuro, mitambo, manheru emitambo, uye kuitira kuchengetedza nzvimbo, tafura ye chess yakaitwa ichitenderera, kuitira kuti vatambi vagone kuchinja ruvara rwezvidimbu pasina kusiya zvigaro zvavo. Sekureva kwaRodchenko, aitungamirwa nemusimboti "unoita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera chinhu mubasa rake pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura, pamwe nekuipeta zvakabatana pakupera kwebasa."
Iyo yakagadzirwa yakashandisa mavara mana - grey, tsvuku, dema uye chena. Kupenda kwaikosha zvikuru - kwaisimbisa chimiro chezvinhu uye mashandisirwo azvaiitwa.
Iyo purojekiti yakagamuchira menduru yesirivha, uye mushure mekuratidzira yakapihwa kuFrench Communist Party, saka haina kumboratidzwa muRussia. Nekudaro, muna 2008, nyanzvi dzeGerman dzakavakazve kirabhu yekuratidzira kwavo "Kubva ndege kuenda mudenga. Malevich uye yekutanga yemazuva ano," uye ndokupa kopi kuTretyakov Gallery.
Mamwe mafoto ehofisi
chikepe chepasi pevhu
Nyaya inoshamisa izere nezvishuwo zvevasori uye zvisinganzwisisike kuputika. Mumakore ekuma1930, injiniya Alexander Trebelsky (maererano nemamwe mabhuku - Trebelev) akanga achipopota chaizvo pamusoro pepfungwa yekugadzira "subterrine" - motokari inokwanisa kufamba pasi pevhu senhoo yetunnel, asi panguva imwe chete ichikurumidza, yakanyarara. uye nekubatsirwa kukuru.
Pakutanga, Trebelevsky akaedza kugadzira thermal superloop - mudziyo uyo, kana zvichidikanwa, unogona kupisa goko rekunze rechikepe chepasi uye kupisa nepasi rakaoma. Asi gare gare akasiya pfungwa iyi, achigadzira dhizaini ine musimboti wekushanda wakakweretwa kubva kune yakajairika mole. Mhuka idzi dzinochera pasi dzichitenderedza makumbo nemusoro, dzosaidzira muviri wadzo nemakumbo eshure. Muchiitiko ichi, pasi rinosundirwa mumadziro egomba rinoguma.
Igwa repasi pevhu rakagadzirwa nenzira imwe cheteyo. Pauta paive nechibooreso chine simba, pakati paive nemaogi aidzvanya dombo mumadziro ematsime, kumashure kwaive nemajeko mana ane simba aifambisa mudziyo mberi. Apo chibooreso chacho chaitenderera nokumhanya 300 rpm, igwa repasi pevhu rakafukidza chinhambwe chamamita 10. Ikoku kwakaratidzika kuva kwakabudirira. Zvakaratidza kuti zvaiita.
Muna 1933, Trebelevsky akasungwa neNKVD nokuti panguva yerwendo kuenda kuGermany akasangana nemumwe injiniya uye akaunza mifananidzo kubva ikoko. Zvakazoitika kuti Trebelevsky akakwereta pfungwa yechikepe chepasi pevhu kubva kuHorner von Wern uye akaedza kuiyeuchidza. Mifananidzo yakaguma pane imwe nzvimbo muNKVD. Kungofanana nainjiniya pachake.
Iyo simbi mole yakayeukwa zvakare muma60s: Nikita Khrushchev akavimbisa pachena "kutora ma imperialists kwete munzvimbo chete, asiwo pasi pevhu." Pfungwa dzinotungamirira dzeUSSR dzakabatanidzwa mubasa rechikepe chitsva: Leningrad purofesa Babaev uye kunyange academician Sakharov. Mhedzisiro yebasa rinorwadza yakanga iri motokari ine reactor yenyukireya, inodzorwa neboka revashandi ve5 uye inokwanisa kutakura toni yezvinoputika nevarwi ve15. Takaedza subterrine mukudonha kwa1964 muUrals padyo neMount Blagodat. Chikepe chepasi pevhu chakanzi "Battle Mole".
Chishandiso chakapinda pasi nekumhanya kwekufamba, chakafamba anenge 15 km uye chakaparadza muvengi wepasi pevhu bunker. Mauto nemasayendisiti vakashamiswa nemigumisiro yebvunzo. Vakasarudza kudzokorora kuedza, asi pfuti yehondo yakaputika pasi pevhu, ichiuraya vanhu vose vaiva muchikepe uye yakanamatira nokusingaperi mukadzika kwemakomo eUral. Chii chakakonzera kuputika hazvizivikanwe, nekuti zvese zvinhu pachiitiko ichi zvichiri kunzi "chakavanzika chepamusoro." Zvingangodaro, injini yenyukireya yekuisa yakaputika. Mushure mekukurumidzira, danho rekuenderera mberi nekushandisa chikepe chepasi rakamiswa, ndokuzoregwa zvachose.
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Ko iyo subterrine ingave yakaita sei
Zvishandiso zvevashandi
Gomo rimwechete pakaitwa miedzo
Ndeapi mapurojekiti anonakidza, asi asiri e "kusimuka" aunorangarira?
Ndezvipi zvimwe zvaungaverenga pane blog?
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Nyorera kune yedu -chiteshi kuti usapotsa chinyorwa chinotevera! Isu tinonyora kwete kanopfuura kaviri pavhiki uye chete pabhizinesi.
Source: www.habr.com