Paunenge uchivaka Ethernet network, makirasi akasiyana ekuchinja zvishandiso anoshandiswa. Neparutivi, zvakafanira kuonesa kusingadzoreki switch - zviri nyore zvishandiso zvinokutendera iwe nekukurumidza uye nemazvo kuronga kushanda kwediki Ethernet network. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa tarisiro yakadzama yekupinda-level isina kutariswa maindasitiri switch eiyo EKI-2000 akatevedzana.
Nhanganyaya
Ethernet yagara yave chikamu chakakosha chechero maindasitiri network. Iyi chiyero, iyo yakabva kuIT indasitiri, yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuenda kune imwe nhanho nyowani yesangano retiweki. Kumhanya kwakawedzera, kuvimbika kwakawedzera, uye mukana wepakati wekutonga wetiweki network wabuda. Vagadziri vezvinyorwa zvekufambisa data havana kumanikidzwa kumirira kwenguva refu. Anenge ese makuru maindasitiri maprotocol, akadai seModbus TCP, EtherNet/IP, IEC 60870-5-104, PROFINET, DNP3, nezvimwewo, shandisa yakafanana kana yakafanana OSI modhi sehwaro. Iyo payload inoiswa mufuremu uye inofambiswa pamusoro peEthernet network. Anenge ese emazuva ano controller, smart sensor kana opareta pani akashongedzerwa neEthernet interface yekubatanidza kunetiweki yezita rimwe chete. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, mune dzidziso, network yeindasitiri inogona kushandisa yakajairwa Ethernet zvishandiso zvinogona kuwanikwa mune yekambani, hofisi, kana kunyange imba network. Nekudaro, mukuita, kirasi hombe yemidziyo yakagara yakaumbwa iyo yakagadzirirwa kushanda zvakananga nemambure senge Industrial Ethernet. Inosanganisira maturusi etiweki akachinjirwa kushanda chaizvo munzvimbo yeindasitiri, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika, mashoma mazinga e latency, uye zvakare kusangana akasiyana siyana maindasitiri anodiwa neimwe indasitiri. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo huru "yekurwa" unit, sekutonga, iindasitiri Ethernet switch. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti switch iyi mudziyo unobvumira kuvimbika uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, kukurumidza kusangana pakati pezvikamu uye node dze network network.
Chinja - iyo yakakwana mhinduro kune network yeindasitiri
Shanduko yemaindasitiri, kana switch, ndicho chishandiso chikuru chinoshandiswa kuvaka network yeindasitiri. Sei kuchinja? Mushure mezvose, kune mamwe maturusi emagetsi, semuenzaniso hub (hub) kana router (router). Zvose pamusoro pekukurumidza uye kushanda. Chishandiso chinomhanyisa chakanyorwa ndiyo hubhu; imwe nguva yapfuura iyi mhando yechishandiso yaive yakakurumbira nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakaderera. Muchokwadi, hubhu ndeye multiport inodzokorora; inoshanda padanho remuviri zvinoenderana neOSI network modhi uye relay yakagamuchirwa data kune ese akabatana madoko.
Kune rimwe divi, chirongwa ichi chinobvumira kunonoka kudiki kunetiweki, asi kune rumwe rutivi, mutoro uri pamanetiweki unowedzera, sezvo kutepfenyura nekuita uku kunopera. Izvi zvaiwanzokonzera kudonha kwakanyanya mukuita kwetiweki. A router, zvakare, chishandiso chinoshanda padanho retiweki zvinoenderana neiyo OSI modhi uye ine yakapfuma kwazvo mashandiro ayo anobvumira kuvakwa kwenzira dzekufambisa. Kuita kwakadai kunoda kuita kwepamusoro kwechishandiso, sezvo pakiti yeruzivo ichiongororwa kutanga kubva pamusoro weiyo 3rd nhanho yeOSI modhi uye pamusoro. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunonoka kunova kwakareba, sezvo kuitiswa pane ma routers kuri muzviitiko zvakawanda software, mutengo unowanzoitika wakakwira, uye kushanda kwakadaro kuri kudiwa padanho repakati petiweki.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, ma switch eakasiyana mazinga uye mashandiro ave akanyanya kupararira mumaindasitiri eEthernet network. Switch mudziyo wakangwara kupfuura hubhu uye inokurumidza kupfuura router nekuti inoshanda pane yekubatanidza layer zvinoenderana neOSI modhi. Traffic inoparadzirwa zvakajeka uye inotumirwa zvakananga kune anogamuchira, izvo zvinobvisa zvisingakoshi mutoro pamichina yetiweki, zvichibvumira zvimwe zvikamu kuti zvisagadzirise data isina kuitirwa ivo. Izvi zvinowanikwa nekuongorora anotumira uye kwekuenda MAC kero dziri mune yega yega inofambiswa data furemu. Kuchinja uku kunotendera iwe kuti uwane kunonoka kunonoka mukugovera traffic uku uchichengetedza inogamuchirwa mutengo mwero.
Mukurangarira kwayo, shanduko ine tafura (CAM-tafura), iyo inoratidza kunyorerana pakati peMAC kero yeanotambira uye yenyama chiteshi chekuchinja, iyo inonyatso kudzikisa mutoro panetiweki, sezvo switch inonyatsoziva kuti ndeipi chiteshi. kutumira data packet kune. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kufunga kuti kana switch ikavhurwa kana kudzoserwa, inoshanda mukudzidzira mode, sezvo tafura yetsamba isina chinhu. Mune iyi modhi, iyo data inouya kune switch inotumirwa kune mamwe ese madoko, uye switch inoongorora uye inopinda yeanotumira MAC kero mutafura. Nekufamba kwenguva, traffic inoiswa munzvimbo sezvo switch inounganidza yakazara MAC kero yemepu tafura kune ese madoko.
Iye zvino vagadziri vazhinji vemidziyo yetiweki yemaindasitiri network vanopa switch semidziyo yekuona kudyidzana pakati petiweki node. Iyo portfolio inosanganisira switch yeakasiyana mashandiro; sekutonga, kune isingatarisirwe, inogadziriswa uye L3 level switch. Uye kana L3 switch ichishandiswa seimwe nzira kune ma routers pa network core level uye chete nyaya dzakanyanya hunyanzvi dzakabatanidzwa nesarudzo yavo, saka sarudzo pakati peinogadziriswa uye isina kudzora switch inodzika kune iyo chaiyo tsanangudzo yemabasa ayo mudziyo wetiweki unofanirwa. solve. Tevere, isu tichatarisa pamisiyano yekutanga pakati peakagadziriswa uye asina kubatwa switch.
Kugadziriswa uye kusagadziriswa switch
Anodzorwa uye asina kutariswa ma switch ari chaiwo maviri akasiyana maturusi anoshanda paL2 level yeOSI modhi. Shanduko isingatarisirwe yakagadzirirwa kugovera otomatiki kumhanya uye kutapurirana traffic zvakaenzana kune vese vatori vechikamu network. Iyi ndiyo yakanyanya mhinduro kunetiweki ine nhamba diki yemidziyo yekupedzisira; zvakanakira zvinosanganisira:
- kuve nechokwadi chekuwedzera kweiyo Ethernet network;
- nguva pfupi yekupindura;
- Kureruka kwekutonga;
- kuwanikwa kwekuwedzera kushanda kwe data flow management.
Switch inogadziriswa ine mutengo wakakwira, inoshandiswa kune mahombe network uye inokwanisa kudzora zvizere traffic inofambiswa, kumhanya, uye zvakare ine mamwe manejimendi masimba. Muchokwadi, iyi ndiyo mhinduro yakakwana yezvikamu zvetiweki uko kunodiwa kushanda kwekuwedzera kwezvikamu, redundancy, kuchengetedza ruzivo, nezvimwe. Kusiyana neshanduko isina kutariswa, switch inogadziriswa inofanirwa kugadzirwa nekutsanangura huwandu hwekuwedzera uye hunosungirwa marongero.
Maswiti asina kutariswa iplug uye yekutamba zvishandiso zvisingade kuomesesa kana ruzivo rwakadzama. Ivo vanokutendera iwe kukurumidza kuronga kuchinjanisa pakati pemidziyo pane network yeEthernet pasina mamwe marongero. Aya ma switch anobvumira maEthernet midziyo kuti itaurirane (senge PLCs neHMIs), ichipa chinongedzo kunetiweki uye kupfuudza ruzivo kune kwainoenda kubva kune anotumira. Ivo vanouya neyakagadziriswa dhizaini uye havabvumire chero shanduko kune zvigadziriso, saka hapana chikonzero chekuisa pamberi pemafuremu kana kuita imwe gadziriso.
Maswiti asina kutariswa anonyanya kushandiswa kubatanidza zvishandiso zveparipheral kune network spurs kana mune diki yakamira-yega network ine akati wandei. Munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, zvinodikanwa kushandisa ma switch anoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo.
Maindasitiri ekuchinja anogadzirwa kune akasiyana maindasitiri ekushandisa senge magetsi ekugadzira, oiri uye gasi, njanji yekutakura uye zvivakwa, nezvimwe. Iwo akanyatsogadzirirwa kushanda mumhando dzakasiyana dzetembiricha, vibrations uye kuvhunduka uye kubatsira mukugadzira inodhura-inoshanda uye yakavimbika network yakachengeteka.
Advantech series inochinja
Maindasitiri anochinja Advantech akatevedzana midziyo yekupinda-chikamu uye yakagadzirirwa kukurumidza kuronga kupindirana kwemidziyo nekugadzira network yeEthernet. Parizvino munhevedzano Zvinopfuura midziyo ye25 inosanganisirwa, tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuparara kwenhamba yekurongeka.
Muchiitiko ichi, ma switch anogona kuve akashongedzerwa neese maRJ-45 ports uye optical ports yekutumira data pamusoro pe-single-mode uye multimode fiber, iyo yakanyanya kumhanya inogona kusvika 1 Gbit/s.
Basa remasevhisi switch
Kushanda kwemaswichi asina kubatwa kazhinji hakusi chinhu chinoshamisa. Nekudaro, ngationei kuti ndeapi mabasa achiri kuwanikwa paAdvantech series switch .
Kuonekwa otomatiki kweMDI/MDI-X mhando yekubatanidza
Ichi chimiro chinokutendera kuti ubatanidze chero mhando yeEthernet mudziyo kune ma switch pasina kunetsekana nemhando yetambo: yakatwasuka kana crossover.
Kazhinji, tambo "yakatwasuka" inoshandiswa kubatanidza network adapta kune L2 network michina (hub kana switch). Kuti ubatanidze michina miviri yakafanana kune mumwe nemumwe kana, semuenzaniso, network adapta kune router, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa crossover tambo. Kuvapo kweMDI/MDI-X basa rinokutendera kuti ushandise chero mhando yetambo ine switch.
Kuonekwa otomatiki kwerudzi rwetiweki (Auto-Negotiation)
Iri basa, rinotevera MDI/MDI-X, nderePlug uye Play uye rinokutendera kuti uzvionere otomatiki rudzi rwetiweki uye yekumhanyisa kumhanya inopihwa neEthernet standard. Mukuita, izvi zvinonyanya kukosha, sezvo network iripo inogona kushandisa michina ine maitiro akasiyana-siyana, kubva pa10 Mbit / s kusvika 1 Gbit / s. Auto-Negotiation inoita kuti hupenyu huve nyore kune vashandisi ve network. Iyo mudziyo pachayo "inotaurirana" kumhanya nemuganhu wayo "Ethernet muvakidzani".
Broadcast Storm Dziviriro
Broadcast kudzivirira dutu zvakare chinhu chinobatsira kwazvo chekuchinja. Dutu rekutepfenyura rinowanzo kukonzerwa nezvishwe mukati menetiweki yemuno kana maitiro asiriwo emumwe wevatori vechikamu kunetiweki. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, network ichazadzwa nenhamba huru yemapuranga asina maturo, ayo achakanganisa kukurumidza kwayo.
Iyo switch yekutepfenyura inodzivirira dutu inosefa otomatiki mafuremu ekutepfenyura. Uye kana traffic yekutepfenyura ichipfuura imwe chikumbaridzo, network inoramba ichishanda nekuti switch inochengetera otomatiki bandwidth yekufambisa kwemafuremu akajairwa.
Nhepfenyuro yekudzivirira dutu pane zvisina kurongwa switch inogoneswa neiyo default. Ruzivo rwakadzama nezvechikumbaridzo kukosha kune yega yega modhi inofanirwa kujekeswa pane yepamutemo webhusaiti webhusaiti.
P-Fail relay
Ngatitange nenyaya yekuti akawanda mamodheru munhevedzano yakagadzirirwa kupinza voltage renji ye12β¦48 V DC. Iyo inopinza inodzokororwa uye inodzivirirwa kubva pakudzokera shure, pamwe nepamusoro pemhepo nenzira yefiyuzi yekuzvigadzika patsva. Pane voltage comparator pane yekuisa, uye kana voltage ikaiswa kune ese mapikisi, muenzanisi anosarudza otomatiki kukosha kwepamusoro uye anoita iyi yekuisa iyo huru. Kana iyo voltage pane imwe yezvipimo ikatadza kana iyo nhanho inodonha pazasi 12 V, switch inongochinja kune yechipiri chiteshi uye inovhara iyo P-Fail relay. Iri basa rinokutendera kuti utarise mamiriro eiyo switch 'yemagetsi ekupa network uye nekukasira kuratidza kushanda kusina kujairika.
Chiratidzo che LED
Iyi ficha inobvumidza iwe kuti uongorore mamiriro eiyo switch nekuiongorora nekuona. Imwe neimwe data port yeakateedzana switch ine ma LED maviri ekuratidza kukurumidza kwekutapurirana, chimiro chekubatanidza uye inogoneka kudhumhana mamiriro. Kune zvakare ma LED anodzokorora P-Fail relays, ayo anobatidzwa panguva imwe chete kana imwe yemaseketi emagetsi yaputswa.
PoE (Simba-pamusoro-Ethernet)
Pane akati wandei asina kutariswa switch mune dzakateedzana Iyo Power-over-Ethernet basa raitwa. Inokubvumira kuti upe simba kumidziyo iri kure maererano neIEEE 802.3af uye IEEE 802.3at (PoE +) zviyero, apo mutsara wekutenderera wechikwata che5e uye chepamusoro unoshandiswa semagetsi. Inokurudzirwa kushandisa zita rezita re 53 ... 57 VDC semagetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi kune idzi switch kuitira kudzivirira kudonha kwemagetsi pamutsara.
Yakavakirwa-mukati EMI uye ESD kuchengetedzwa
Switch series iva neyakavakwa-mukati kusefa sisitimu yekudzivirira kubva kune electromagnetic kukanganiswa uye static voltage. Kuburikidza netambo yemagetsi, switch inogona kupa kushanda panguva pfupi-pfupi-yekumanikidza ruzha ine amplitude inosvika 3000 V DC, uye panguva yekubuda kwemagetsi paRJ-45 ports kusvika ku4000 V.
Inovaka
Chokwadi zvese zvinochinja munhevedzano iva neimba yakasimba yesimbi ine dhigirii rekudzivirira IP30. Structurally series inogona kugadzirwa mushanduro mbiri, iyi ingangove vhezheni yekumisikidza paDIN njanji kana yekuisa mu19' rack. Zvese zvinodiwa kukwirisa zvinosanganisirwa mukiti. Zvakare, switch dzakagadzirirwa kuisirwa paDIN njanji dzinogona kuisirwa pane pani; gomo rinopihwa.
mhedziso
Indasitiri isingatarisirwe switch iyi michina yakagadziridzwa kuti ishande chaizvo munzvimbo yeindasitiri. Ivo vanopa yakavimbika uye nekukurumidza kupindirana pakati peEthernet node, uye haidi mamwe marongero kana kumisikidzwa. Parizvino, switch isina kutariswa iri nyore-mutengo yakaderera network mudziyo unogona kugadzirisa zvakaringana nhamba huru yemabasa akakosha ane chekuita nekuronga kuchinjana pane network yeEthernet. Hapana gadziriso inodiwa; iwe unongoda kubvisa switch kubva mubhokisi uye ubatanidze ese anodiwa makubatanidza.
Advantech Unmanaged Switch Series , yeboka rinotsanangurwa rezvishandiso, inotsigira mabasa akasiyana-siyana anokosha uye anodiwa, akadai sekuona otomatiki yeMDI/MDI-X mhando yekubatanidza, kuona otomatiki yerudzi rwetiweki (Auto-Negotiation), nhepfenyuro yekudzivirira dutu, PoE, kuchengetedzwa. kupokana nekukanganiswa kwemagetsi uye electrostatic renji, nezvimwe. Kutorwa pamwechete, ese aya mabasa anobvumidza iwe kushandisa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekutanga ekuronga kudyidzana pakati petiweki uye yekupedzisira node.
Muenzaniso wekushandisa
Mumwe wevatengi veAdvantech ndeye . Kuti uwedzere hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana uku uchidzikisa mitengo yakabatana, CNPC yakasarudza Advantech's oilfield yekutarisa uye kutonga mhinduro. Dhata inofambiswa kuburikidza nenharembozha kubva kumunda kuenda kunzvimbo yekudzora. Routers yakaiswa nema switch mumakabati ari padhuze nepombi bays, achipa network yekubatanidza yemidziyo yemumunda semakamera, PLCs, RTUs nemimwe michina.
Literature
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Munyori mushandi wekambani
Source: www.habr.com