Kunyangwe ari mafashama, 1C inofanira kushanda! Isu tinobvumirana nebhizinesi paDR

Fungidzira: uri kushandira iyo IT masisitimu enzvimbo huru yekutengesa. Mvura inotanga kunaya muguta. Hova dzemvura dzinopaza nepamusoro pedenga, mvura inozadza nzvimbo dzezvitoro kusvika pamakumbo. Isu tinovimba kuti server yako kamuri haisi mukamuri yepasi, zvikasadaro matambudziko haagone kudzivirirwa.  

Iyo nyaya yakatsanangurwa haisi yekufungidzira, asi rondedzero yezvizhinji zvezviitiko zve2020. Mumakambani makuru, chirongwa chekudzorera njodzi (DRP) chinogara chiripo kune iyi nyaya. Mumakambani, iri ibasa renyanzvi dzekuenderera mberi kwebhizinesi. Asi mumakambani epakati uye madiki, kugadzirisa matambudziko akadai kunowira paIT masevhisi. Iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa iyo bhizinesi logic iwe pachako, kunzwisisa izvo zvinogona kutadza uye kupi, huya nekudzivirira uye kuishandisa. 

Zvakanaka kana nyanzvi yeIT inogona kutaurirana nebhizinesi uye kukurukura nezvekudiwa kwedziviriro. Asi ini ndaona kanopfuura kamwechete kuti kambani yakasvetukira sei pakugadzirisa njodzi (DR) mhinduro nekuti yakazviona sezvisina basa. Pakaitika tsaona, kupora kwenguva refu kwakatyisidzira kurasikirwa, uye bhizinesi rakanga risati ragadzirira. Iwe unogona kudzokorora zvakanyanya sezvaunoda: "Ndakakuudza kudaro," asi iyo IT sevhisi ichatofanira kudzoreredza masevhisi.

Kubva pachinzvimbo chemugadziri wezvivakwa, ini ndichakuudza nzira yekudzivirira iyi mamiriro. Muchikamu chekutanga chechinyorwa, ini ndicharatidza basa rekugadzirira: nzira yekukurukura mibvunzo mitatu nemutengi pakusarudza maturusi ekuchengetedza: 

• Tiri kudzivirira chii?
• Tiri kudzivirira chii?
• Tinodzivirira yakawanda sei? 

Muchikamu chechipiri, tichataura pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvekupindura mubvunzo: nzira yekuzvidzivirira nayo. Ini ndichapa mienzaniso yemakesi ekuti vatengi vakasiyana vanovaka sei kudzivirira kwavo.

Zvatinodzivirira: kuona zvakakosha bhizinesi mabasa 

Zviri nani kutanga kugadzirira nekukurukura nezve post-emergency action plan nemutengi webhizinesi. Dambudziko guru pano nderekutsvaga mutauro wakajairika. Mutengi kazhinji haana hanya kuti mhinduro yeIT inoshanda sei. Ane hanya kana sevhisi ichigona kuita mabasa ebhizinesi nekuunza mari. Semuenzaniso: kana saiti iri kushanda, asi hurongwa hwekubhadhara huri pasi, hapana mari kubva kune vatengi, uye "vanonyanyisa" vachiri nyanzvi dzeIT. 

Nyanzvi yeIT inogona kunetseka munhaurirano dzakadaro nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati:

• Iyo IT sevhisi hainzwisise zvizere basa reiyo ruzivo system mubhizinesi. Semuenzaniso, kana pasina rondedzero iripo yemaitiro ebhizinesi kana yemhando yebhizinesi yakajeka. 
• Kwete maitiro ese anoenderana nebasa reIT. Semuenzaniso, kana chikamu chebasa chikaitwa nemakondirakiti, uye nyanzvi dzeIT hadzina pesvedzero yakananga pavari.

Ini ndaizogadzirisa hurukuro seizvi: 

1. Isu tinotsanangurira mabhizinesi kuti tsaona dzinoitika kumunhu wese, uye kupora kunotora nguva. Chinhu chakanakisa kuratidza mamiriro, kuti izvi zvinoitika sei uye ndezvipi zvinokonzeresa zvinogoneka.
2. Isu tinoratidza kuti hazvisi zvese zvinoenderana neiyo IT sevhisi, asi wakagadzirira kubatsira nehurongwa hwekuita munzvimbo yako yebasa.
3. Tinokumbira mutengi webhizinesi kuti apindure: kana apocalypse ikaitika, ndeipi maitiro anofanirwa kudzoserwa kutanga? Ndiani anotora chikamu mariri uye sei? 

   Mhinduro yakapusa inodiwa kubva kubhizinesi, semuenzaniso: nzvimbo yekufona inoda kuenderera mberi nekunyoresa zvikumbiro 24/7.

4. Tinokumbira mushandisi mumwechete kana vaviri veiyo system kuti vatsanangure maitiro aya zvakadzama. 
   Zviri nani kusanganisa muongorori kuti abatsire kana kambani yako iine imwe.

   Kutanga, tsananguro inogona kutaridzika seizvi: nzvimbo yekufona inogamuchira zvikumbiro nerunhare, netsamba uye kuburikidza nemeseji kubva kune webhusaiti. Ipapo anovapinza mu1C kuburikidza newebhu interface, uye kugadzira kunovatora kubva ipapo nenzira iyi.

5. Zvadaro tinotarisa kuti ndeapi hardware uye software mhinduro dzinotsigira maitiro. Kuti tidzivirirwe zvizere, isu tinofunga matanho matatu: 
   • maapplication uye masisitimu mukati mesaiti (software level),   
   • iyo saiti pachayo iyo masisitimu anomhanya (infrastructure level), 
   • network (vanowanzo kukanganwa nezvazvo).

6. Isu tinowana mapoinzi anogona kuitika ekutadza: system nodes pane iyo kuita kwesevhisi kunoenderana. Isu takasiyana tinocherechedza node dzinotsigirwa nemamwe makambani: telecom operators, hosting providers, data centers, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Neizvi, unogona kudzokera kumutengi webhizinesi kune nhanho inotevera.

Zvatinodzivirira kubva: njodzi

Tevere, tinoona kubva kune bhizinesi mutengi njodzi dzatinozvidzivirira kubva pakutanga. Njodzi dzese dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: 

• kurasikirwa kwenguva nekuda kwekuderera kwebasa;
• kurasikirwa kwedata nekuda kwekukanganisa kwemuviri, zvinhu zvevanhu, nezvimwe.

Mabhizinesi anotya kurasikirwa nedata uye nguva - zvese izvi zvinotungamira mukurasikirwa nemari. Saka zvakare tinobvunza mibvunzo kune rimwe nerimwe boka renjodzi: 

• Nezvekuita uku, tinogona here kufungidzira kuti ingani kurasikirwa kwedata uye kurasikirwa nenguva mumari? 
• Ndeipi data yatisingakwanise kurasikirwa nayo? 
• Ndekupi kwatisingabvumire kunonoka? 
• Zviitiko zvipi zvinonyanya kuitika uye zvinonyanya kutityisidzira?

Mushure mekukurukurirana, tichanzwisisa nzira yekuisa pamberi pekukundikana. 

Yakawanda sei yatinodzivirira: RPO uye RTO 

Kana iyo yakakosha mapoinzi ekukundikana akajeka, isu tinoverenga iyo RTO uye RPO zviratidzo. 

Rega ndikuyeuchidze kuti RTO (chinangwa chenguva yekudzorera) - ino ndiyo nguva inotenderwa kubva panguva yetsaona kusvika sevhisi yadzorerwa zvizere. Mumutauro webhizimisi, iyi inogamuchirwa nguva yekuderedza. Kana tichiziva kuti imarii iyo nzira yakaunzwa nayo, tinogona kuverenga kurasikirwa kubva paminiti imwe neimwe yenguva yekuderedza uye kuverenga kurasikirwa kunogamuchirwa. 

RPO (chinangwa chekudzorera) - yakakodzera data kudzoreredza poindi. Inosarudza nguva yatinogona kurasikirwa nedata. Kubva pane bhizinesi rekuona, kurasikirwa kwedata kunogona kukonzera faindi, semuenzaniso. Kurasikirwa kwakadaro kunogonawo kuchinjwa kuva mari. 

Nguva yekudzorera inoda kuverengerwa kumushandisi wekupedzisira: inguva yakareba sei yaachazokwanisa kupinda muhurongwa. Saka chekutanga isu tinowedzera iyo yekudzoreredza nguva yezvese zvinongedzo mumaketani. Kukanganisa kunowanzoitwa pano: vanotora RTO yemupi kubva kuSLA, uye kukanganwa nezve mazwi asara.

Ngatitarisei muenzaniso chaiwo. Mushandisi anopinda mu1C, sisitimu inovhura nekanganiso yedatabase. Anobata system administrator. Iyo dhatabhesi iri mugore, iyo system administrator inoshuma dambudziko kune mupi webasa. Ngatiti kutaurirana kwese kunotora maminitsi gumi nemashanu. Mugore, dhatabhesi yehukuru uhu ichadzoserwa kubva kubheji muawa, saka, iyo RTO kudivi rekupa sevhisi iawa. Asi iyi haisi nguva yekupedzisira; kumushandisi, maminetsi gumi nemashanu akawedzerwa kwairi kuti aone dambudziko. 
 
Tevere, maneja wehurongwa anofanirwa kutarisa kuti dhatabhesi rakarurama, batanidza ku1C uye tanga masevhisi. Izvi zvinoda imwe awa, zvinoreva kuti RTO kudivi remutungamiriri yatova maawa maviri nemaminetsi gumi nemashanu. Mushandisi anoda mamwe maminetsi gumi nemashanu: pinda mukati, tarisa kuti madhizaini anodiwa aonekwa. 2 maawa 15 maminetsi ndiyo yakazara sevhisi yekudzoreredza nguva mumuenzaniso uyu.

Aya maverengero acharatidza bhizinesi pane izvo zvekunze izvo nguva yekudzoreredza zvinoenderana. Semuenzaniso, kana hofisi yakazara nemvura, iwe unofanirwa kutanga watsvaga iyo inodonha uye kuigadzirisa. Zvinotora nguva, izvo zvisingabvi paIT.  

Maitiro atinodzivirira: kusarudza maturusi enjodzi dzakasiyana

Mushure mekukurukura mapoinzi ese, mutengi anotonzwisisa mutengo wetsaona yebhizinesi. Iye zvino unogona kusarudza zvishandiso uye kukurukura bhajeti. Ndichishandisa mienzaniso yemakesi evatengi, ini ndinokuratidza kuti ndeapi maturusi atinopa emabasa akasiyana. 

Ngatitangei neboka rekutanga renjodzi: kurasikirwa nekuda kwekuderera kwebasa. Mhinduro dzedambudziko iri dzinofanira kupa RTO yakanaka.

1. Sata application mugore 

   Kutanga, iwe unogona kungoenda kune gore - mupi atofunga nezvenyaya dzekuwanikwa kwepamusoro. Virtualization mauto anounganidzwa kuita sumbu, simba netiweki zvakachengetwa, data inochengetwa pane inoshivirira-inoshivirira masisitimu ekuchengetedza, uye mupi webasa ane chekuita nemari yekuderedza nguva.

   Semuenzaniso, unogona kugamuchira muchina chaiwo une dhatabhesi mugore. Chishandiso chinozobatanidza kune dhatabhesi kunze kuburikidza neyakagadziriswa chiteshi kana kubva kune rimwe gore. Kana matambudziko akamuka neimwe yemaseva ari musumbu, iyo VM inozotangazve pane yakavakidzana server mukati isingasviki maminetsi maviri. Mushure meizvozvo, iyo DBMS ichatanga mairi, uye mumaminitsi mashoma dhatabhesi ichave iripo.

   OTR: kuyerwa mumaminitsi. Aya mazwi anogona kutsanangurwa muchibvumirano nemupi.
   mari: Isu tinoverenga mutengo wegore zviwanikwa zvekushandisa kwako. 
   Izvo zvisingakudzivirire kubva: kubva mukukundikana kukuru panzvimbo yemupi, semuenzaniso, nekuda kwetsaona padanho reguta.

2. Cluster iyo application  

   Kana iwe uchida kuvandudza RTO, unogona kusimbisa iyo yapfuura sarudzo uye nekukasira woisa yakaunganidzwa application mugore.

   Iwe unogona kushandisa sumbu mune inoshanda-passive kana inoshanda-inoshanda modhi. Isu tinogadzira akati wandei maVM zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemutengesi. Kuti tivimbike zvakanyanya, tinoaparadzira kune akasiyana maseva uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza. Kana sevha ine imwe yedhatabhesi ikatadza, iyo backup node inotora mutoro mumasekondi mashoma.

   OTR: Kuyerwa mumasekonzi.
   mari: inodhura zvishoma pane gore rakajairwa, zvimwe zviwanikwa zvichadikanwa pakuunganidza.
   Izvo zvisingakudzivirire kubva: Zvichiri hazvidziviriri kubva pakutadza kukuru kwesaiti. Asi kukanganisa kwenzvimbo hakuzogara kwenguva refu.

   Kubva pakudzidzira: Kambani yekutengesa yakanga ine akati wandei ruzivo masisitimu uye mawebhusaiti. Madhatabheti ese aive munzvimbo iyi muhofisi yekambani. Hapana DR yakafungwa kusvika hofisi yasara isina simba kakawanda mumutsara. Vatengi vanga vasina kufara nekuparara kwewebhusaiti. 
    
   Dambudziko rekuwanikwa kwesevhisi rakagadziriswa mushure mekutamira kune gore. Uyezve, isu takakwanisa kukwirisa mutoro pane dhatabhesi nekuenzanisa traffic pakati penode.

3. Enda kune gore rinodzivirira njodzi

   Kana iwe uchida kuona kuti kunyange njodzi yakasikwa panzvimbo huru haikanganisi basa rako, unogona kusarudza gore rinodzivirira njodzi.Muchisarudzo ichi, mupi anoparadzira chikwata che virtualization pane 2 data centers. Constant synchronous replication inoitika pakati pe data centers, one-to-one. Nzira dziri pakati penzvimbo dzedata dzakachengetwa uye dzinofamba nenzira dzakasiyana, saka sumbu rakadaro harityi matambudziko etiweki. 

   OTR: inosvika ku0.
   mari: Iyo inodhura zvakanyanya gore sarudzo. 
   Izvo zvisingakudzivirire kubva: Hazvizobatsiri kurwisa huwori hwe data, uye kubva kune chinhu chemunhu, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuita backups panguva imwe chete. 

   Kubva pakudzidzira: Mumwe wevatengi vedu akagadzira hurongwa hwekudzoreredza njodzi. Iri ndiro zano raakasarudza: 

   • Gore rinoshivirira njodzi rinochengetedza application kubva mukukundikana padanho rezvivakwa. 
   • Maviri-nhanho backup inopa dziviriro kana paine kukanganisa kwevanhu. Kune mhando mbiri dzekuchengetedza: "inotonhora" uye "inopisa". Iyo "inotonhora" backup iri munzvimbo yakaremara uye inotora nguva kuendesa. Iyo "inopisa" backup yatogadzirira kushandiswa uye inodzoserwa nekukurumidza. Inochengetwa pane yakatsaurirwa kuchengetedza system. Ikopi yechitatu inorekodhwa patepi uye inochengetwa mune imwe kamuri. 

   Kamwe pavhiki, mutengi anoedza kudzivirira uye anotarisa kushanda kwese backups, kusanganisira iyo kubva patepi. Gore rega rega kambani inoedza gore rese rinodzivirira njodzi. 

4. Ronga kudzokorora kune imwe saiti 

   Imwe sarudzo yekuti ungadzivirira sei matambudziko epasi rose pane iyo huru saiti: ipa geo-reservation. Mune mamwe mazwi, gadzira backup chaiyo michina pane saiti mune rimwe guta. Mhinduro dzakakosha dzeDR dzakakodzera izvi: mukambani yedu tinoshandisa VMware vCloud Availability (vCAV). Nerubatsiro rwayo, unogona kumisikidza dziviriro pakati peanoverengeka gore rekupa masaiti kana kudzoreredza kune gore kubva pane-panzvimbo saiti. Ndakatotaura zvakadzama nezve chirongwa chekushanda nevCAV pano. 

   RPO uye RTO: kubva pamaminitsi mashanu. 

   mari: inodhura kupfuura yekutanga sarudzo, asi yakachipa pane kudzokorodza kwehardware mugore rinoratidza njodzi. Mutengo wacho unosanganisira mutengo werezinesi revCAV, mubhadharo wekutonga, mutengo wezviwanikwa zvegore uye zviwanikwa zvekuchengetedza zvinoenderana neiyo PAYG modhi (10% yemutengo wezvishandiso zvekushandisa zvekudzima maVM).

   Kubva pakudzidzira: Mutengi akachengeta 6 chaiwo muchina ane akasiyana dhatabhesi mugore redu muMoscow. Pakutanga, kudzivirirwa kwaipiwa nekuchengetedza: mamwe makopi ekuchengetedza akachengetwa mugore muMoscow, uye mamwe akachengetwa panzvimbo yedu yeSt. Nekufamba kwenguva, dhatabhesi yakakura muhukuru, uye kudzoreredza kubva kune backup kwakatanga kutora nguva yakawanda. 
    
   Kudzokorora kwakavakirwa paVMware vCloud Kuwanikwa kwakawedzerwa kune backups. Replicas yemichina chaiyo inochengetwa panzvimbo yekuchengetedza muSt. Petersburg uye inovandudzwa maminitsi mashanu oga oga. Kana kukundikana kukaitika panzvimbo huru, vashandi vanozvimiririra vanoshandura kune replica yemuchina chaiwo muSt. 

Ese mhinduro dzakatariswa dzinopa kuwanikwa kwakanyanya, asi usadzivirire kubva pakurasikirwa nedata nekuda kwehutachiona hweransomware kana kukanganisa kwevashandi. Mune ino kesi, isu tichada backups iyo ichapa iyo inodiwa RPO.

5. Usakanganwa nezve backup

Wese munhu anoziva kuti iwe unofanirwa kugadzira backups, kunyangwe iwe uine inotonhorera-chiratidzo mhinduro. Saka ini ndichangokuyeuchidza muchidimbu pfungwa shoma.

Kunyatsotaura, backup haisi DR. Uye ndicho chikonzero: 

• Inguva refu. Kana iyo data yakayerwa mumaterabytes, kupora kunotora inopfuura awa imwe. Iwe unofanirwa kudzoreredza, kugovera network, tarisa kuti inotendeuka, ona kuti data iri kurongeka. Saka iwe unogona kupa yakanaka RTO chete kana paine data shoma. 
• Iyo data inogona kusadzoserwa kekutanga, uye iwe unofanirwa kubvumidza nguva yekudzokorora chiito. Semuenzaniso, pane dzimwe nguva dzatisingazive nguva chaiyo yakarasika data. Ngatitii kurasikirwa kwakaonekwa na15.00, uye makopi anoitwa awa imwe neimwe. Kubva 15.00 tinotarisa ese mapoinzi ekudzoreredza: 14:00, 13:00 uye zvichingodaro. Kana iyo hurongwa hwakakosha, tinoedza kuderedza zera rekupora. Asi kana iyo nyowani backup isina data inodiwa, isu tinotora iyo inotevera poindi - ino inguva yekuwedzera. 

Muchiitiko ichi, purogiramu yekuchengetedza inogona kupa zvinodiwa RPO. Kune ma backups, zvakakosha kupa geo-reservation kana paine matambudziko nenzvimbo huru. Zvinokurudzirwa kuchengeta mamwe makopi ekuchengetedza zvakasiyana.

Iyo yekupedzisira chirongwa chekudzorera njodzi inofanirwa kunge iine angangoita maviri maturusi:  

• Imwe yesarudzo 1-4, iyo inodzivirira masisitimu kubva mukukundikana uye kudonha.
• Backup kuchengetedza data kubva pakurasikirwa. 

Izvo zvakakoshawo kutarisira kuchengetedza nzira yekutaurirana kana iyo huru Internet mupi ichidzika. Uye - voila! - DR pamihoro mishoma yatogadzirira. 

Source: www.habr.com