Kutumira ASA VPN Load-Bancing Cluster

Muchinyorwa chino ndinoda kupa nhanho-ne-nhanho mirairo yekuti iwe unogona sei kukurumidza kuendesa iyo yakanyanya scalable scheme panguva ino. Remote-Access VPN access based AnyConnect uye Cisco ASA - VPN Load Bancing Cluster.

Nhanganyaya: Makambani mazhinji pasi rese, nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu aripo neCCIDID-19, ari kuedza kuendesa vashandi vavo kubasa kure. Nekuda kweshanduko yakapararira kuenda kubasa kure, kuremerwa kuripo kweVPN magedhi emakambani kunowedzera zvakanyanya uye nekukasira kugona kuayera kunodiwa. Kune rimwe divi, makambani mazhinji anomanikidzwa kukurumidza kubata pfungwa yebasa riri kure kubva pakutanga.

Kubatsira mabhizinesi kukurumidza kuita zviri nyore, zvakachengeteka, uye zvinokanganisa VPN kuwana kune vashandi, Cisco inopa anosvika gumi nematatu-vhiki marezinesi kune akapfuma-akapfuma AnyConnect SSL-VPN mutengi. Iwe unogona zvakare kutora ASAv yekuyedzwa (Virtual ASA yeVMWare/Hyper-V/KVM hypervisors uye AWS/Azure Cloud mapuratifomu) kubva kune vane mvumo vanobatirana kana kubata vamiriri veCisco vanoshanda newe..

Maitiro ekupa AnyConnect COVID-19 marezinesi anotsanangurwa pano.

Ndakagadzirira nhanho-ne-nhanho mirairo yesarudzo yakapusa yekuendesa VPN Load-Bancing cluster seyakanyanya scalable VPN tekinoroji.

Muenzaniso uri pazasi uchave wakapusa kubva pakuona kwehuchokwadi uye mvumo algorithms inoshandiswa, asi ichave sarudzo yakanaka yekutanga nekukurumidza (chinova chimwe chinhu chinoshaikwa nevanhu vazhinji izvozvi) nekukwanisa kuchinjika kwakadzama kune. zvaunoda panguva yekuendesa.

Ruzivo rupfupi: VPN Load Balancing Cluster tekinoroji haisi yekutadza kana basa rekubatanidza mupfungwa yayo yekuzvarwa; tekinoroji iyi inogona kusanganisa akasiyana maASA modhi (nezvimwe zvirambidzo) kuitira kurodha chiyero Remote-Access VPN kubatana. Iko hakuna kuwiriranisa kwezvikamu uye zvigadziriso pakati pemanodhi esumbu rakadaro, asi zvinokwanisika kurongedza otomatiki chiyero cheVPN chinongedzo uye kuve nechokwadi chekushivirira kushivirira kweVPN kubatana kusvikira kanodhi imwe inoshanda inoramba iri musumbu. Kuremerwa kuri musumbu kunobva kwadzikama zvichienderana nebasa remanodhi nehuwandu hwezvikamu zveVPN.

Nekukanganisa kushivirira kweakananga cluster node (kana zvichidikanwa), unogona kushandisa filer, saka iyo inoshanda yekubatanidza ichagadziriswa nePrimary node yefaira. Iyo fileover haisi mamiriro anodiwa ekuona kukanganisa kushivirira mukati meMutoro-Balanceng cluster; muchiitiko chekutadza kwenode, cluster pachayo inoendesa chikamu chemushandisi kune imwe mhenyu node, asi pasina kuchengetedza chimiro chekubatanidza, zvinova ndizvo chaizvo. iyo filer inopa. Saizvozvo, matekinoroji maviri aya anogona kusanganiswa kana zvichidikanwa.

A VPN Load-Bancing cluster inogona kunge iine anopfuura maviri node.

VPN Load-Bancing cluster inotsigirwa paASA 5512-X uye pamusoro.

Sezvo ASA yega yega mukati meVPN Load-Bancing cluster iri yakazvimirira unit maererano nemaitiro, isu tinoita ese ekugadzirisa matanho ega pane yega yega mudziyo.

Tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi pano

Iyo inonzwisisika topology yemuenzaniso wakapihwa ndeiyi:

Kutanga Deployment:

1. Isu tinotumira ASAv zviitiko zvematemplate atinoda (ASAv5/10/30/50) kubva pamufananidzo.

2. Isu tinopa INSIDE / OUTSIDE interfaces kune imwecheteyo VLAN (Kunze muVLAN yayo, INSIDE mune yayo, asi yakajairika mukati meboka, ona topology), zvakakosha kuti mainterfaces emhando imwechete anowanikwa mune imwechete L2 chikamu.

3. Marezenisi:

   • Panguva yekumisikidzwa, ASAv haizove nemarezinesi uye ichaganhurwa ku100kbit/sec.
   • Kuti uise rezinesi, unofanirwa kugadzira chiratidzo muSmart-Account account yako: https://software.cisco.com/ -> Smart Software Licensing
   • Pahwindo rinovhurwa, tinya bhatani New Token

   

   • Ita shuwa kuti munda uri pahwindo rinovhurwa unoshanda uye cheki bhokisi rakatariswa Bvumira kunze-inodzorwa kushanda... Pasina iyi inoshanda, haugone kushandisa yakasimba encryption mabasa uye, maererano, VPN. Kana iyi ndima isiri kushanda, ndapota taura nechikwata cheakaundi yako kuti ukumbire activation.

   

   • Mushure mekudzvanya bhatani Gadzira Chiratidzo, chiratidzo chichagadzirwa chatichashandisa kuwana rezinesi yeASAv, ikope:

   

   • Ngatidzokorore nhanho C,D,E kune yega yega yakaiswa ASAv.
   • Kuita kuti zvive nyore kukopa chiratidzo, ngatigonese telnet kwenguva pfupi. Ngatigadzirise ASA yega yega (muenzaniso uri pazasi unoratidza marongero paASA-1). telnet kubva kunze haishande, kana uchinyatsoida, shandura iyo yekuchengetedza-level kuenda ku100 kuenda kunze, wozoidzosera kumashure.

   !
   ciscoasa(config)# int gi0/0
   ciscoasa(config)# nameif outside
   ciscoasa(config)# ip address 192.168.31.30 255.255.255.0
   ciscoasa(config)# no shut
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# int gi0/1
   ciscoasa(config)# nameif inside
   ciscoasa(config)# ip address 192.168.255.2 255.255.255.0
   ciscoasa(config)# no shut
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# telnet 0 0 inside
   ciscoasa(config)# username admin password cisco priv 15
   ciscoasa(config)# ena password cisco
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication telnet console LOCAL
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# route outside 0 0 192.168.31.1
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# wr
   !

   • Kunyoresa chiratidzo muSmart-Akaunti gore, unofanirwa kupa Internet kuwana kuASA, details pano.

   Muchidimbu, ASA inodiwa:

   • Indaneti kuburikidza neHTTPS;
   • kuwiriranisa nguva (zvakanyanya nenzira yeNTP);
   • yakanyoreswa DNS server;
     • Isu tinoenda kuburikidza ne telnet kune yedu ASA uye toita marongero ekuita rezinesi kuburikidza neSmart-Account.

   !
   ciscoasa(config)# clock set 19:21:00 Mar 18 2020
   ciscoasa(config)# clock timezone MSK 3
   ciscoasa(config)# ntp server 192.168.99.136
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# dns domain-lookup outside
   ciscoasa(config)# DNS server-group DefaultDNS
   ciscoasa(config-dns-server-group)# name-server 192.168.99.132 
   !
   ! Проверим работу DNS:
   !
   ciscoasa(config-dns-server-group)# ping ya.ru
   Type escape sequence to abort.
   Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 87.250.250.242, timeout is 2 seconds:
   !!!!!
   !
   ! Проверим синхронизацию NTP:
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# show ntp associations 
     address         ref clock     st  when  poll reach  delay  offset    disp
   *~192.168.99.136   91.189.94.4       3    63    64    1    36.7    1.85    17.5
   * master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured
   !
   ! Установим конфигурацию нашей ASAv для Smart-Licensing (в соответствии с Вашим профилем, в моем случае 100М для примера)
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# license smart
   ciscoasa(config-smart-lic)# feature tier standard
   ciscoasa(config-smart-lic)# throughput level 100M
   !
   ! В случае необходимости можно настроить доступ в Интернет через прокси используйте следующий блок команд:
   !call-home
   !  http-proxy ip_address port port
   !
   ! Далее мы вставляем скопированный из портала Smart-Account токен (<token>) и регистрируем лицензию
   !
   ciscoasa(config)# end
   ciscoasa# license smart register idtoken <token>

   • Isu tinotarisisa kuti mudziyo wabudirira kunyoresa rezinesi uye encryption sarudzo dziripo:

   

   

4. Kugadzirisa yakakosha SSL-VPN pane yega gedhi

   • Tevere, isu tinogadzirisa kupinda kuburikidza neSSH uye ASDM:

   ciscoasa(config)# ssh ver 2
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL
   ciscoasa(config)# aaa authentication http console LOCAL
   ciscoasa(config)# hostname vpn-demo-1
   vpn-demo-1(config)# domain-name ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config)# cry key gen rsa general-keys modulus 4096 
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ssh 0 0 inside  
   vpn-demo-1(config)# http 0 0 inside
   !
   ! Поднимем сервер HTTPS для ASDM на порту 445 чтобы не пересекаться с SSL-VPN порталом
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# http server enable 445 
   !

   • Kuti ASDM ishande, unofanirwa kutanga waidhawunirodha kubva kucisco.com, mune yangu iri inotevera faira:

   

   • Kuti mutengi weAnyConnect ashande, unofanirwa kudhawunirodha mufananidzo kune yega yega ASA kune yega yega mutengi desktop OS inoshandiswa (yakarongwa kushandisa Linux/Windows/MAC), iwe uchada faira rine Headend Deployment Package Mumusoro:

   

   • Iwo mafaera akatorwa anogona kuiswa, semuenzaniso, kune FTP sevha uye kurodha kune yega yega ASA:

   

   • Isu tinogadzirisa ASDM uye Self-Yakasaina chitupa cheSSL-VPN (zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa chitupa chakavimbika mukugadzira). Iyo yakagadzwa FQDN ye cluster Virtual Kero (vpn-demo.ashes.cc), pamwe neFQDN yega yega yakabatana nekero yekunze ye cluster node yega yega inofanirwa kugadziriswa munzvimbo yekunze yeDNS kune IP kero ye OUTSIDE interface (kana kukero ine mepu kana udp/443 chiteshi chekufambisa chichishandiswa (DTLS) uye tcp/443(TLS)). Ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pezvinodiwa zvechitupa zvinotsanangurwa muchikamu Chitupa Verification zvinyorwa.

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# crypto ca trustpoint SELF
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# enrollment self
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# fqdn vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# subject-name cn=*.ashes.cc, ou=ashes-lab, o=ashes, c=ru
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# serial-number             
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-trustpoint)# crl configure
   vpn-demo-1(config-ca-crl)# cry ca enroll SELF
   % The fully-qualified domain name in the certificate will be: vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   Generate Self-Signed Certificate? [yes/no]: yes
   vpn-demo-1(config)# 
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# sh cry ca certificates 
   Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 4d43725e
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (4096 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: SHA256 with RSA Encryption
   Issuer Name: 
   serialNumber=9A439T02F95
   hostname=vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   cn=*.ashes.cc
   ou=ashes-lab
   o=ashes
   c=ru
   Subject Name:
   serialNumber=9A439T02F95
   hostname=vpn-demo.ashes.cc
   cn=*.ashes.cc
   ou=ashes-lab
   o=ashes
   c=ru
   Validity Date: 
   start date: 00:16:17 MSK Mar 19 2020
   end   date: 00:16:17 MSK Mar 17 2030
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: SELF 
   
   CA Certificate
   Status: Available
   Certificate Serial Number: 0509
   Certificate Usage: General Purpose
   Public Key Type: RSA (4096 bits)
   Signature Algorithm: SHA1 with RSA Encryption
   Issuer Name: 
   cn=QuoVadis Root CA 2
   o=QuoVadis Limited
   c=BM
   Subject Name: 
   cn=QuoVadis Root CA 2
   o=QuoVadis Limited
   c=BM
   Validity Date: 
   start date: 21:27:00 MSK Nov 24 2006
   end   date: 21:23:33 MSK Nov 24 2031
   Storage: config
   Associated Trustpoints: _SmartCallHome_ServerCA               

   • Kutarisa kushanda kweASDM, usakanganwa kutsanangura chiteshi, semuenzaniso:

   

   • Ngatiite zvigadziriso zvetunnel:
   • Isu tichaita kuti network yemubatanidzwa iwanikwe kuburikidza netunnel, uye batanidza iyo Internet zvakananga (kwete iyo yakanyanya kuchengeteka nzira mukushaikwa kwematanho ekuchengetedza pane yekubatanidza host, zvinokwanisika kupinda kuburikidza neane hutachiona uye kubuda data rekambani, sarudzo. split-tunnel-policy tunnel ichabvumira yese traffic traffic kupinda mugero. Zvakadaro Split-Tunnel inoita kuti zvibvire kudzoreredza VPN gedhi uye kwete kugadzirisa host yeInternet traffic)
   • Isu tichaburitsa mauto mugero nemakero kubva kune subnet 192.168.20.0/24 (dziva regumi kusvika makumi matatu kero (yenode #10)). Imwe neimwe node musumbu inofanirwa kuve neyayo VPN dziva.
   • Ngatiitei chokwadi chechokwadi nemushandisi akagadzirwa munharaunda paASA (Izvi hazvikurudzirwe, iyi ndiyo nzira yakapusa), zviri nani kuita huchokwadi kuburikidza. LDAP/RADIUS, kana zviri nani, sunga Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA), semuenzaniso Cisco DUO.

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ip local pool vpn-pool 192.168.20.10-192.168.20.30 mask 255.255.255.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# access-list split-tunnel standard permit 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY internal
   vpn-demo-1(config)# group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# vpn-tunnel-protocol ssl-client 
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# split-tunnel-network-list value split-tunnel
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# dns-server value 192.168.99.132
   vpn-demo-1(config-group-policy)# default-domain value ashes.cc
   vpn-demo-1(config)# tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)#  default-group-policy SSL-VPN-GROUP-POLICY
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)#  address-pool vpn-pool
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# username dkazakov password cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config)# username dkazakov attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-username)# service-type remote-access
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# ssl trust-point SELF
   vpn-demo-1(config)# webvpn
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  enable outside
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-4.8.03036-webdeploy-k9.pkg
   vpn-demo-1(config-webvpn)#  anyconnect enable
   !

   • (ZVINODA): Mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro apa, takashandisa mushandisi wepanzvimbo pafirewall kuratidza vashandisi vari kure, izvo zvisingaite zvishoma kunze kwemurabhoritari. Ini ndichapa muenzaniso wekukurumidza kugadzirisa iyo setup yekusimbisa pa nharaunda server, inoshandiswa semuenzaniso Cisco Identity Services Injini:

   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# dynamic-authorization
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# interim-accounting-update
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-group)# aaa-server RADIUS (outside) host 192.168.99.134
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-host)# key cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config-aaa-server-host)# exit
   vpn-demo-1(config)# tunnel-group DefaultWEBVPNGroup general-attributes
   vpn-demo-1(config-tunnel-general)# authentication-server-group  RADIUS 
   !

   Kubatanidzwa uku hakuna kuita kuti zvikwanisike kwete kukurumidza kubatanidza maitiro ehuchokwadi neiyo AD directory service, asiwo kusiyanisa kana komputa yakabatana ndeye AD, kunzwisisa kana iri yekambani mudziyo kana yemunhu, uye kuongorora mamiriro eiyo yakabatana. mudziyo.

   

   

   • Ngatigadzirisei Transparent NAT kuitira kuti traffic pakati pemutengi uye netiweki zviwanikwa zveiyo corporate network isakanganiswe ne:

   vpn-demo-1(config-network-object)#  subnet 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# nat (inside,outside) source static any any destination static vpn-users vpn-users no-proxy-arp

   • (ZVINODA): Kufumura vatengi vedu kuInternet kuburikidza neASA (kana uchishandisa tunnelall sarudzo) uchishandisa PAT, uye zvakare kubuda kuburikidza yakafanana OUTSIDE interface kubva kwaakabatana, unofanirwa kugadzira anotevera marongero.

   vpn-demo-1(config-network-object)# nat (outside,outside) source dynamic vpn-users interface
   vpn-demo-1(config)# nat (inside,outside) source dynamic any interface
   vpn-demo-1(config)# same-security-traffic permit intra-interface 
   !

   • Izvo zvakanyanya kukosha kana uchishandisa cluster kugonesa iyo yemukati network kuti inzwisise kuti ndeipi ASA yekufambisa kudzorera traffic kune vashandisi; nekuda kweizvi zvinodikanwa kugoverazve nzira /32 kero dzakapihwa kune vatengi.
     Parizvino, isu hatisati tagadzira sumbu, asi isu tatova nekushanda VPN magedhi ayo iwe wega unogona kubatana neFQDN kana IP.

   

   Isu tinoona mutengi akabatana mutafura yenzira yekutanga ASA:

   

   Kuti yedu yese VPN cluster uye netiweki yese yemakambani azive nzira kumutengi wedu, isu tichagovera zvakare mutengi prefix muine simba yekufambisa protocol, semuenzaniso OSPF:

   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# route-map RMAP-VPN-REDISTRIBUTE permit 1
   vpn-demo-1(config-route-map)#  match ip address VPN-REDISTRIBUTE
   !
   vpn-demo-1(config)# router ospf 1
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  network 192.168.255.0 255.255.255.0 area 0
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  log-adj-changes
   vpn-demo-1(config-router)#  redistribute static metric 5000 subnets route-map RMAP-VPN-REDISTRIBUTE

   Iye zvino isu tine nzira yekuenda kune mutengi kubva kune yechipiri ASA-2 gedhi uye vashandisi vakabatana kune akasiyana VPN magedhi mukati meboka vanogona, semuenzaniso, kutaurirana zvakananga kuburikidza nekambani softphone, sekudzoka traffic kubva kune zviwanikwa zvakakumbirwa nemushandisi zvichasvika. pane yaunoda VPN gedhi:

   

5. Ngatienderere mberi nekumisikidza iyo Load-Bancing cluster.

   Kero 192.168.31.40 ichashandiswa seVirtual IP (VIP - vese vatengi veVPN vachatanga kubatana nayo), kubva kukero iyi Cluster Master icha REDIRECT kune isinganyanyi kutakurwa cluster node. Usakanganwa kunyoresa mberi uye kudzosera DNS zvinyorwa ese ari maviri kero yega yega yekunze/FQDN yega yega cluster node, uye yeVIP.

   vpn-demo-1(config)# vpn load-balancing
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# interface lbpublic outside
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# interface lbprivate inside
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# priority 10
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster ip address 192.168.31.40
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster port 4000
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# redirect-fqdn enable
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster key cisco
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster encryption
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# cluster port 9023
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)# participate
   vpn-demo-1(config-load-balancing)#

   • Isu tinotarisa kushanda kwesumbu nevatengi vaviri vakabatana:

   

   • Ngatiite kuti ruzivo rwemutengi ruve nyore neiyo inodhawunirodha yega AnyConnect mbiri kuburikidza neASDM.

   

   Isu tinopa zita nenzira iri nyore uye tinosanganisa mutemo weboka redu nawo:

   

   Mushure mekubatana kwemutengi kunotevera, iyi mbiri inotorwa otomatiki uye kuiswa muAnyConnect mutengi, saka kana iwe uchida kubatanidza, unongoda kuisarudza kubva pane iyo rondedzero:

   

   Sezvo tichishandisa ASDM isu takagadzira iyi mbiri pane imwe chete ASA, usakanganwa kudzokorora matanho pane asara maASA musumbu.

Mhedziso: Nekudaro, isu takakurumidza kutumira boka re akati wandei VPN magedhi ane otomatiki mutoro kuenzanisa. Kuwedzera node nyowani kune sumbu iri nyore, kuwana yakapusa yakatwasuka kuyera nekuisa mitsva yeASAv chaiyo michina kana kushandisa Hardware ASAs. Iyo ficha-yakapfuma AnyConnect mutengi inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya yako yakachengeteka kure yekubatanidza kugona uchishandisa iyo Mamiriro (state assessments), inonyanya kushandiswa pamwe chete necentralized access control uye accounting system Identity Services Injini.

Source: www.habr.com