Ukatendeukira kumunhuwo zvake, angangoti redhiyo iri kufa, nekuti mukicheni redhiyo yakadzimwa kare, inotambira inongoshanda munyika chete, uye mumotokari nziyo dzaunofarira dzinoridzwa kubva kumwenje. dhiraivha kana online playlist. Asi iwe neni tinoziva kuti dai pasina redhiyo, tingadai tisiri kuverenga paHabrΓ© nezve nzvimbo, nharembozha, GPS, kutepfenyura kweterevhizheni, Wi-Fi, kuyedza nema microwaves, dzimba dzakangwara uye IoT zvakazara. Uye Habr angadai asipo, nekuti iyo Internet iredhiyo zvakare. Naizvozvo, nhasi, Chivabvu 7, 2019, tiri kunyora tsamba yekutenda kune redhiyo, iyo yakaita zvakawanda mukusimudzira nzanga kupfuura mabhindauko ese uye masangano epakati akasanganiswa.
Hupenyu hweredhiyo haisi nyaya yeimwe hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, ihwo hupenyu chaihwo: vabereki vaisatenda mazviri uye vaitenda kuti yaikwanisa kuita zvishoma, yaiganhurirwa mukukwanisa kwayo, yakashandiswa kuita zvakaipa. yakabatsira kukunda zvakanaka nekuponesa vanhu uye zvakazotora nyika ndokuva muvambi wezvakasiyana zvetekinoroji zvakasikwa. Inyaya yemagamba yakadini!
Kuburitsa pachena, redhiyo kutaura uchishandisa masaisai eredhiyo. Inogona kuva nzira-imwe, nzira mbiri kana nzira dzakawanda, inogona kupa kufambisa kana kuchinjana kweruzivo pakati pemichina nevanhu - haisi iyo pfungwa. Pane mazwi maviri makuru pano: masaisai eredhiyo uye kutaurirana.
Chokutanga pane zvose, ngatimisei kutanga kwechinyorwa - nei May 7? Musi waChivabvu 7, 1895, nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuRussia Alexander Stepanovich Popov akaita musangano wekutanga wekutaura neredhiyo. Radiogram yake yaiva nemashoko maviri chete "Heinrich Hertz", nokudaro achipa mutero kumusayendisiti uyo akaisa nheyo dzeredhiyo yemberi. Nenzira, hukuru mubhizinesi reredhiyo hahupikisiswi kwete chete naGuglielmo Marconi, uyo akaita chikamu chekutanga zvakare muna 1895, asiwo nehuwandu hwevamwe nyanzvi dzefizikiki: 1890 - Edouard Branly, 1893 - Nikola Tesla, 1894 - Oliver Lodge uye. Jagadish Chandra Bose. Nekudaro, munhu wese akapa mupiro wavo, uye zvakakodzera kuwedzera mamwe mazita mashoma: James Maxwell, uyo akagadzira dzidziso yemagetsi emagetsi, Michael Faraday, akawana electromagnetic induction, naReginald Fessenden, aive wekutanga kutevedzera redhiyo chiratidzo. uye musi waZvita 23, 1900 vakatumira mutauro 1 mamaira kure - nemhando yakashata, asi ruzha.
A. Popov uye kugadzirwa kwake
Mayedzo ekutanga ekufambiswa kwemashoko asina waya akaitwa naHeinrich Hertz. Kuedza kwake kwakapfekedzwa korona nekubudirira - akakwanisa kufambisa meseji mukati memadziro eimba yake yepamusoro. Chaizvoizvo, uku kungadai kwakave kupera kwenyaya dai muItaly Marconi asina kuverenga ichi chinoshamisa mubiography yaHertz. Marconi akadzidza nyaya iyi, akabatanidza pfungwa dzevakamutangira uye akagadzira yekutanga kutumira mudziyo, iyo isina kugamuchira kufarira kubva kune zviremera zveItaly uye yaive patented nemusayendisiti muEngland. Panguva iyoyo, teregirafu yemagetsi yakanga yatovapo uye, maererano naMarconi, mudziyo wayo waizobatsirana neteregirafu uko kusina waya. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa kwaMarconi kwakashandiswa pakukurukurirana pazvikepe zvehondo, uye kutumira mashoko panguva imwe chete kunhamba huru yevateereri kwakaramba kuri mune ramangwana. Uye Marconi pachake aisatenda mune ramangwana rakajeka rekutaurirana neredhiyo.
G. Marconi uye kugadzirwa kwake
Nenzira, nezvezvikepe, kana zvakanyanya, nezveuto rehondo - muna 1905, muHondo yeTsushima, mauto eJapan akakunda boka reRussia chikamu "nekuda" kumidziyo yeredhiyo yakatengwa nevatungamiriri vemauto eJapan kubva kuMarconi. Asi iyi haina kuva nharo yekupedzisira mukuda kweradiation yakakwana yezvikepe zvemauto uye zvevanhu. Izwi rekupedzisira rakazova rimwe, panguva ino yehurumende, njodzi - kufa kweTitanic. Mushure mekunge 711 vafambi vaponeswa kubva kuhofori inonyura nekuda kweredhiyo yekushungurudzika zviratidzo, zviremera zvemugungwa zvenyika dzakabudirira dzepasirese dzakaraira kuti ngarava dzese dzegungwa nemakungwa dzive nekufambiswa kweredhiyo, uye munhu akakosha - mutyairi weredhiyo - akateerera zviratidzo zvinouya zvakatenderedza. wachi. Kuchengeteka mugungwa kwawedzera zvinoshamisa.
Zvisinei, vakanga vasinganyanyi kutenda mune zvimwe zvinotarisirwa neredhiyo.
Asi vakawanda vakasatenda paredhiyo vakatenda. Pakazosvika Hondo Yenyika I, zviteshi zveredhiyo zvevasingadzidzi zvakawanda zvakanga zvagadzirwa zvokuti hurumende dzakanga dziri mukutya: vanamuzvinafundo vakanga vachibatana nemasosi enhaurirano echiuto uye kuteerera chiteshi. Naizvozvo, redhiyo yakave pasi pemutemo, uye pakanga pasisina vanoitarisira pasi. Zvakava pachena kuti vanhu vane simba retsika chiitiko, zvombo zveruzivo uye tekinoroji inovimbisa mumaoko avo. Kunyangwe, isu takagadzirira kubheja, hapana aiziva nezvechokwadi tarisiro yeredhiyo panguva iyoyo.
Zvisinei, redhiyo yakakamura upenyu hwevanhu muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri kuita zvikamu zvitatu:
Mbudzi 2, 1920 - Yekutanga nhepfenyuro yeredhiyo muUnited States, KDKA, yakaenda pamhepo muPittsburgh.
July 1, 1941 - yekutanga yekutengesa terevhizheni yakatanga kutepfenyura
Kubvumbi 3, 1973 - Motorola's Martin Cooper inoita yekutanga nharembozha munhoroondo.
Sezvauri kuona, matunhu nemabhizinesi akaona kuti redhiyo ruzivo, mari, uye simba.
Asi masayendisiti nemainjiniya havana kumira, vakafarira masaisai eredhiyo aigona kutumira, kupisa, uye kureba uye kumhanya kwakasiyana. Redhiyo yakauya kubasa resainzi uye ichiri kuita saizvozvo. Ndinofunga kuti zvichagara kwemakumi emakore ari kuuya. Nhasi tichayeuka zvisingawanzo uye zvakakosha zvigadzirwa umo redhiyo yakanga isiri chishandiso kana nzira, asi yakazara-yakazara co-munyori.
Kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi. Redhiyo inongovaka zvemagetsi uye mamicroelectronics: zvishandiso, terevhizheni, zvinogamuchira, transmitters zvaida nhamba huru yemasekete, mabhodhi, zvakaoma uye zviri nyore zvikamu. Indasitiri yakakura kwazvo yakashanda uye iri kushandira indasitiri yeredhiyo.
Radio astronomy. Materesikopu eredhiyo akaita kuti zvikwanisike kudzidza zvinhu zviri muUniverse (kunyangwe chiratidzo chichitora nguva yakareba maererano nezviyero zvepanyika - kubva pamasekonzi akati wandei kusvika kumaawa akati wandei) kuburikidza nekudzidza kwemwaranzi yemagetsi neredhiyo. Radio astronomy yakapa simba guru kune yese yekuongorora nyeredzi, yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana data kubva kumwedzi neMars rovers, uye kuona muchadenga izvo zvisingagoneki nemagetsi ane simba zvakanyanya.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoita teresikopu yeredhiyo (Paul Wild Observatory, Australia)
Navigation uye radar aids - zvakare nekuda kweredhiyo. Kutenda kwavari, iwe unofanirwa kuedza kurasika munzvimbo dziri kure kwazvo dzepasi. Ndiyo redhiyo inobatsira kugadzira uye kushandisa iyo yakanyanya mepu mepu, iwo anoteedzera trackers uye inova nechokwadi chekudyidzana kwemichina nemumwe (M2M). Izvo zvakakoshawo kutaura ma radars, pasina iyo indasitiri yemotokari uye yekufambisa ingadai yakavandudza kakawanda zvishoma nezvishoma. Radar yakaita basa rakakura munhau dzemauto, kucherechedzwa, kugadzirwa kwezvombo nemotokari dzemauto uye ngarava, mune sainzi, kutsvaga kwepasi pemvura nezvimwe zvakawanda.
Nheyo yekushanda kwesatellite navigation system.
Nharembozha kutaurirana neInternet. Rangarira mazwi anoti Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, CDMA, DECT, GSM, HSDPA, 3G, WiMAX, LTE, 5G? Ese matekinoroji uye zviyero hazvisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwedunhu reoscillatory rakawanikwa muna 1848. Ndiko kuti, masaisai eredhiyo akafanana, asi chete nekumhanya kwakasiyana, masanji, uye ma frequency. Saizvozvo, iredhiyo isu tine chikwereti kune izvo zvinotora pfungwa dzedu nhasi - kunyanya, iyo Internet yezvinhu (zvinhu zvinotaurirana neredhiyo), imba yakangwara, akasiyana siyana akabatanidzwa matekinoroji ekuunganidza ruzivo, nezvimwe.
Chokwadi mumwe nemumwe wenyu akaona shongwe idzi padhuze (white boxes - operator base stations, BS-ki). Iyo inopindirana yeBS yekuvhara nzvimbo inotemerwa ne "masero" - maseru.
Satellite connection budiriro yakazvimirira. Mafungu eredhiyo akaita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana mabhenefiti ekutumira mawaya uko zvisingaite kuronga sero - munzvimbo dziri kure, mumakomo, pazvikepe, nezvimwe. Ichi chigadzirwa chakaponesa hupenyu kanopfuura kamwe chete.
Satellite foni
Eiffel Tower. Yakagadzirirwa kuratidzwa kwepasi rose muna 1889, yaifanirwa kugara makore makumi maviri chete uye yaizofanira kubviswa. Asi chaive ichi chivakwa chakareba muParis chakava shongwe yekutepfenyura redhiyo, uyezve kutepfenyura kweterevhizheni uye kutaurirana - nekudaro, vakachinja pfungwa dzavo nezvekuputsa chibvumirano chakadaro, uye zvishoma nezvishoma chakava chiratidzo chikuru cheFrance. Nenzira, ivo havabvi panzvimbo yebasa - zviteshi zvepasi, transmitters, ndiro, nezvimwe zvichiri kusungirirwa pashongwe.
Unoda sei maonero aya echiratidzo cheFrance?
Radio wave kuvhiyiwa (kwete kuvhiringidzwa neradiosurgery!). Iyi inzira yekuvhiya yepamberi inobatanidza kugadzika kwetishu uye coagulation ("zvisimbiso" midziyo kuitira kuti pasave nekubuda ropa) pasina mechanical impact ine scalpel. Nheyo yekushanda ndeiyi: electrode yakatetepa yekuvhiya inoburitsa mafungu eredhiyo eredhiyo anogadzirwa nekuchinjanisa ikozvino ne frequency inosvika 3,8 MHz. Mafungu eredhiyo anopisa matishu, anoburitsa hunyoro hwemaserura, uye matishu anosiyana asina ropa panzvimbo yekuchekwa. Iyi inzira yakaderera-inoshungurudza uye isingarwadzi (inowanzo shandiswa pasi peanesthesia yenzvimbo), iyo inowanikwawo mukuvhiya kwekunaka.
Radio wave kuvhiya mudziyo BM-780 II
Ehe, iwe unogona kuyeuka mamwe marudzi enzvimbo, microwave ovheni yatinoziva, kuyedza kwekurapa, hongu, dzakawanda uye dzakasiyana nhepfenyuro dzeredhiyo, nyika yese yeredhiyo amateurs uye mimwe mienzaniso yakawanda - isu takapa yakanyanya kuwanda uye inonakidza.
Kazhinji, vakomana, zviratidzo uye avo vanobatanidzwa, zororo rinofadza! Nechinyakare: yekubatana pasina muchato, kuchena kwema frequency uye kwete kamwe chete kuputsa.
73!
Iyo postcard yakagadzirirwa neboka - isu hatisi chete kugadzira CRM masisitimu, asi zvakare edza kuita mupiro unogoneka kuhupenyu hweterevhizheni neredhiyo, saka isu takagadzira inotonhorera indasitiri mhinduro kwavari. . Nenzira, yakaedzwa pa19 TPX :)
Source: www.habr.com