Mhoroi
Kana iwe uchitenda dzidziso yaEinstein yekureruka, chiratidzo chikuru chekunzwisisa chidzidzo kugona kuitsanangura zviri nyore sezvinobvira, saka mune ino positi ndichaedza kutsanangura zviri nyore uye zvakakwana sezvinobvira mhedzisiro yechinhu chimwe chete chechinhu chitsva. standard, iyo nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero kunyange Wi-Fi Alliance inoona isina kukodzera kutaurwa mu infographic pamusoro pezvinhu zvitsva zveWi-Fi 6, kunyange zvazvo, sezvatichaona pamwe chete, inokosha zvikuru uye inokosha. Hazvisi zvose pano zvakadzika zvakakwana uye zvechokwadi hazvina kukwana (nokuti nzou yakadaro yakaoma kudya kunyange muzvikamu), asi ndinotarisira kuti isu tose tichadzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva uye chinonakidza kwatiri kubva pamashoko angu ekutaura.
Iyoyo 802.11ax, iyo tanga takamirira zuva rega rega kweinenge gore rechipiri, inounza nayo yakawanda yezvinhu zvitsva uye zvinoshamisa. Chero ani zvake anoda kutaura chimwe chinhu nezvake anogara aine sarudzo: kana kuita nhangemutange pamusoro pemisoro, achitaura bhaketi rezvipfupiso uye zvipfupiso, kuyedza kusabatikidzwa mumichina yakaoma pasi pehodhi yeumwe neumwe wavo, kana kuputira. up an hour-long report about one thing , inonyanya kufadza munyori. Ndichaisa panjodzi yekuenda mberi: yakawanda yetsamba yangu ichapihwa kune chimwe chinhu chisati chiri chitsva!
Saka, kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri ikozvino, mamwe easina waya data network akavakwa zvichienderana neboka rezviyero zvemhuri ye802.11, uye, semutauri anozviremekedza, ndinofanira kudzoreredza zvishoma nguva yeketani yese. yezviitiko zvakapa nyika mabhiriyoni ezvishandiso zvinopindirana - asi, semunyori anoremekedza muverengi, ndichiri panjodzi yekusaita izvi. Zvisinei, tinofanira kuyeuchidzana chimwe chinhu.
Yese iterations yeWi-Fi yakaisa pamberi kuvimbika pane kuwedzera kuburitsa. Izvi zvinotevera kubva kune yepakati nzira yekuwana (CSMA/CA), iyo isiri iyo yakanyanya kunaka kubva pakuona kwekudzvanya ekupedzisira kilobits pasekondi kubva kune yekufambisa svikiro (unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve kusakwana kwepasirese uye Wi. -Fi kunyanya muchinyorwa newandaimboshanda naye ), asi inogara yakasimba mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu. Muchokwadi, iwe unogona kutyora zvinenge zvese zvakakosha zveWi-Fi network dhizaini - uye network yakadai icharamba ichichinjana data! Iyo yese nzira iyo vatengi veWi-Fi network vanokwanisa kufambisa uye/kana kugamuchira zvikamu zve data yakanangana nekuona izvo muChirungu zvinonzi izwi rine kuoma-ku-kududzira flair yetekinoroji, kusimba. Iyo yese layer yemodulation inowedzera, kuunganidzwa kwemafuremu ane data (kwete chaizvo saizvozvi, asi ngazvive zvakadaro!) yakaiswa pamusoro inoramba ichishanda mushure meiyo miviri mikuru yemisimboti ye802.11, iyo inopa kuvimbika kusingaenzaniswi:
- βPaanenge achitaura, vamwe vose vakanyararaβ;
- "Zvese kunze kweiyo data zvinotaurwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvakajeka."
Yechipiri poindi inokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kunetiweki bandwidth kupfuura zvazvingaite sekutanga kuona. Heino mufananidzo unotonhorera unoratidza chidimbu chimwe chedata chakatumirwa panetiweki yeWi-Fi:
Ngationei kuti zvinorevei kune vanhuwo zvavo vasingazivi kuti mapeji mangani aripo mu802.11-2016 standard. Iyo yekumhanyisa data iyo inonyorwa nehurongwa mumidziyo yewaya isina waya uye iyo vatengesi kubva kune chero mugadziri vanodhirowa pamabhokisi ekupinda (zvakanaka, iwe pamwe wakazviona - 1,7 Gb/s! 2,4 Gb/s! 9000 Gb/s!) , kwete chete iyo yepamusoro uye yepamusoro pa 100% yenguva inogarwa nekutapurirana, asi zvakare imhanyiro iyo chete chikamu chebhuruu muiyi girafu yakanaka chichatumirwa. Zvimwe zvese zvichatumirwa nekumhanya kunonzi manejimendi rate muChirungu (uye muchiRussian zvakare, nekuti kushandura matauriro akadaro kunotyisidzira kumwe kusanzwisisana pakati pemainjiniya), uye iyo yakaderera kwete kakawanda, asi nechikamu che MAZANA kamwe. Semuenzaniso, pasina mamwe marongero ekuwedzera, network ye802.11ac, inogona kushanda nevatengi pachiteshi chinomhanya che1300 Mb/s, inotumira ruzivo rwese rwesevhisi (zvese zvisiri zvebhuruu mugirafu yedu iri kuwedzera kutyisa) pamwero wekutonga we6. Mb/s . Kupfuura mazana maviri zvishoma zvishoma!
Mubvunzo une musoro ndewekuti - chii, ndiregerereiwo, ndeipi mwedzi iyo pfungwa yekuparadza yakadaro ingatove chikamu cheiyo bhiriyoni yemidziyo inoshanda pasirese? Mhinduro ine musoro ndeye kugarisana, kugarisana, kugarisana! Iyo network pane nyowani yekuwana nzvimbo inofanirwa kupa kugona kushanda kune gumi- uye kunyangwe ane makore gumi nemashanu ezera, uye zviri mune zvese izvi "zvisiri zvebhuruu" zvidimbu izvo zvinobhururuka ruzivo izvo zvinononoka zvishandiso zvevakuru zvinonzwa, kunzwisisa uye haizoyedze kufambisa panguva ye-ultra-high-speed zvidimbu zve data yavo. Kusimba kunoda kuzvipira!
Iye zvino ndagadzirira kupa munhu wese anofarira chishandiso chakakosha chekutyisidzirwa neanogona kutapurirwa megabits ari kurasika zvisina chinangwa muWi-Fi yemazuva ano - izvi zvatove zvekusungirwa kudzidza mune inosanganisirwa mainjiniya madenderedzwa. Iyo WiFi AirTime Calculator naNorwegian 802.11 anofarira Gjermund Raaen. Inowanikwa pa - mhedzisiro yebasa rake inotaridzika seizvi:
Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ° 1 β Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ 1512 Π±Π°ΠΉΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ 802.11n Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° 20 ΠΠΡ.
Mutsetse wechi2 inguva yakashandiswa kuendesa pakiti imwe chete nemudziyo une fomula yeantenna, asi yatove kushanda zvinoenderana ne802.11ac chiyero mu80 MHz chiteshi.
Izvi zvingave sei - yakapetwa mana airtime "yaparara", iyo yakanyanya modulation yawedzera kuoma kubva pa64QAM kusvika 256QAM, chiteshi kumhanya kwakakwira NHANHATU nguva (433 Mb / s panzvimbo ye72 Mb / s), asi kunyanya 25% yenguva yemhepo yakawanikwa?
Kuenderana uye maviri misimboti ye802.11, rangarira?
Zvakanaka, tingagadzirisa sei kusarongeka uye kupambadza kwakadaro - tinozvibvunza, seboka rega rega reIEEE rinoshanda iro rakatanga kugadzira mwero pamwe akazvibvunza? Nzira dzinoverengeka dzine musoro dzinouya mupfungwa:
- Kurumidza kuendesa data mu "girinhi" chidimbu chegirafu. Izvi zvinoitwa kana mwero wega wega waburitswa, nekuti nhamba huru dzinotaridzika zvakanaka pamabhokisi. Mukuita, sezvatakangoona, inopa kuwedzera kwekupedzisira - kunyangwe tikamhanyisa kumhanya kwechiteshi kusvika kune zana remamiriyoni egigabits per nanosecond, zvimwe zvikamu zvese zvegirafu hazvizoendi. Ichi ndicho chikonzero ini ndichikurudzira kuti munyaya dzose pamusoro pezviyero zvitsva zve802.11, svetuka ndima dzinotaura megabits pasekondi.
- Kurumidza kumhanyisa zvimwe zvikamu zvese zvegirafu. Chokwadi, kana isu tiine kaviri kumhanya uko zvese "zvisina-girini" zvinotapurirwa (zvakanaka, kana "zvisiri-bhuruu", kana iwe uchiri kutarisa pamufananidzo wapfuura), isu tichawana zvishoma pane makumi mashanu. % kuwedzera kwekubuda kwechokwadi - zvisinei, nekurasikirwa nekuenderana nemidziyo uye akati wandei mamwe manuances aunozodzidza nezvawo kana iwe uchienda kunogadzirira bvunzo yezita rekuzvikudza reCWNA :) Spoiler: haugone kugara uchikwanisa. itai izvi, mushure mekufunga nesimba uye nekunzwisisa zvazvichaita. Muchokwadi, uku kutyora kweimwe yemitemo miviri ye50, saka iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera nazvo!
- Isa pamwechete mafuremu akati wandei akadai nezvikamu zvakasvibira pamwechete. Iyo yakareba iyo yakasvibirira chikamu, iyo inonyanya kushanda kuwedzera kwechiteshi kumhanya kuri. Ehe, iyi izano rinoshanda rakazara, rakaonekwa kumashure muna 802.11n uye nderimwe remakona akati wandei ekuchinja kwayo. Dambudziko chete nderekuti, chekutanga, akati wandei maapplication haana kupa dhizaini nezve kuunganidzwa kwakadaro (semuenzaniso, iro rimwe chete reropa Izwi pamusoro peWi-Fi), chechipiri, akati wandei emidziyo haana kupa dhizaini nezvazvo. (nemwewo ndafunga kuzvibata kunyangwe Pangadai pave nemafuremu akaunganidzwa akati wandei pane network chaiyo yekambani yandinoshandira, asi kune > 500k "yakanhonga" mafuremu, paive nemafuremu akaunganidzwa. Zvingangove zvakanyanya, dambudziko ndere mune yangu nzira yekuunganidza data, asi ndakagadzirira kukurukura nemunhu chero kupi zvako. imwe nguva muhurukuro yega!).
- Bvisa yekutanga yemisimboti miviri ye802.11 nekutanga kutaura kana mumwe munhu achitaura. Uye apa ndipo panouya 802.11ax kununura.
Zvakanaka kuti ndakazosvika paWi-Fi 6 pachayo munyaya yangu yeWi-Fi 6! Kana iwe uchiri kuverenga izvi, iwe unofanirwa kuzviita nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero kana iwe uri kunyatsofarira. Saka, kunyange zvazvo 802.11ax ikagara nhaka chikamu chikuru chezvakaitika kare zvemhuri yose ye802.11 (uye kwete chete, nenzira - zvimwe zvinhu zvinotonhorera zvakaonekwa muna 802.16, aka WiMAX), chimwe chinhu mairi chichiri chitsva uye chepakutanga. Kazhinji mazwi aya anoperekedzwa nemufananidzo wakadai, unowanikwa paWi-Fi Alliance webhusaiti:
Sezvandakaita chengetedzo kubva pakutanga chaiko, mukati meganhuriro yechinyorwa chimwe chinoverengwa tichakwanisa kufunga chimwe chete cheaya mapfundo akakosha, kana kuti, hapana imwe yeaya anoratidzwa mumufananidzo (kushamisika kwakadini!). Ndine chokwadi chekuti wakatoverenga miriyoni nekukurumidza tsananguro yechimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi zvisere zvakakosha, asi ini ndichaenderera mberi nenyaya yangu yakarebesa pamusoro pezvinotevera kubva kuOFDMA - yakawanda midhiya yekuwana control (MU-access control), iyo, se. tinoona, ini handina kuwana infographic zvachose. Asi hazvina maturo zvachose!
Kupinda kwakawanda chinhu chisina kupatsanura chiteshi kuita subcarriers hazvina musoro zvachose. Sei uchiedza kutarisa zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana kana pasina nzira inogona kumanikidza vatengi veWi-Fi 6 network kuti vatyore imwe yemitemo isingazununguki kusvika ikozvino uye kutanga kutaura panguva imwe chete? Uye, hongu, michina yakadai yaingofanirwa kuoneka - uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwedambudziko "refu" zvichienzaniswa nedata reruzivo rwevaridzi. Sei? Ehe, zviri nyore kwazvo: rega "inononoka" sevhisi chikamu chitumirwe nenzira yakafanana neyakare, asi isu tichatumira "nekukurumidza" chikamu, umo iyo data inotumirwa zvakananga, panguva imwe chete kubva kune akati wandei (kana kune akati wandei) zvishandiso pa command! Zvinotaridzika seizvi:
Zvinotaridzika zvakaoma, asi muchidimbu zviri nyore kutsanangura: nzvimbo yekuwana, uchishandisa yakakosha furemu inonzwisisika kune vese (kwete kunyangwe Wi-Fi 6!) zvishandiso, inoshuma kuti yakagadzirira kuendesa data panguva imwe chete kuSTA1 uye STA2. Sezvo "musoro" wefuremu iyi uchinyatso nzwisisika kunyangwe kune vatengi vekare, vanoita mhedziso chaiyo yekuti mafungu emhepo achange akabatikana kweimwe nguva achitumira ruzivo kune vamwe vatengi venetiweki, uye otanga kuverenga pasi kusvika kumagumo. yenguva ino (chaizvoizvo, senguva dzose muWi-Fi). Asi zvishandiso STA1 uye STA2 vanonzwisisa kuti ikozvino data ichaendeswa kwavari nenzira itsva, panguva imwe chete, imwe neimwe pane yavo yega chiteshi, uye ivo vanopindura kune yekuwana nzvimbo panguva imwe chete, uye zvakare vanosimbisa kugamuchirwa kwe. iyo furemu (imwe neimwe iine chikamu chayo che data!), uye nharaunda inosunungurwa zvakare. "Pazasi-kumusoro" inoshanda nenzira yakafanana:
Musiyano mukuru uye unoshamisa ndewekuti nzvimbo yekupinda mune iyi mamiriro inoudza zviteshi zvinogona kutaura panguva imwe chete yekutanga kutumira, uchishandisa yakakosha furemu inonzi Trigger. Izvi, chaizvoizvo, "mutsva" mutsva wekugadzirisa kwese kwemaitiro akawanda panguva imwe chete yekuwana svikiro, iyo, mumaonero angu anozvininipisa, chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvitsva "pasi pehodhi" yehutano hutsva. Irimo umo vatengi vanogashira "hurongwa" hwekugovanisa imwe frequency chiteshi pakati pavo; ndipo pano apo vatengi vanozivisa panguva imwe chete nzvimbo yekuwana kuti vakagamuchira zvikamu zve data uye vakakwanisa kuzviparura. Mariri, nzvimbo yekuwana inozivisa munhu wese anogona "kutaura" panguva imwe chete nezvekutanga kwekutumira data - mairi, nzvimbo yekuwana inotanga kuitumira iyo data inodiwa. Iyo nyowani yeTrigger furemu mashini, kutaura zvazviri, inobvumidza iwe kudzikisa zvisina musoro kushandiswa kwemhepo - uye zvinobudirira sevatengi vazhinji vanogona kuishandisa uye kuiona nemazvo!
Zvino ngatigadzirei pfungwa huru dzinotevera kubva munyaya iyi refu uye tikwanise TL; DR:
- Mapoinzi ekuwana eiyo nyowani 802.11ax chiyero, kunyangwe ichitsamira pane imwe chete yezvakawanda zvitsva, ichatanga kuwedzera huwandu hwese hwese network yatove kubva. yechipiri inowirirana mutengi mudziyo! Pakangove nevatengi vangangosvika vaviri vanogona kutaura panguva imwe chete, saka, zvimwe zvinhu zvese zvakaenzana (handina chikonzero chekufungidzira kuti vatyairi vevatengi redhiyo module vanozonyorwa zvirinani kupfuura kare, izvo zvinoreva kuti kuunganidzwa kwe "zvinobatsira" zvikamu zvemafuremu, uye mamwe akawanda anoenderana nevatengi mabasa haasati ashanda "paavhareji muzoo") VACHATOVA kuwedzera avhareji yekubuda. Saka kana iwe uri kufunga nezve itsva Wi-Fi network, zvine musoro kuti utarise nekukurumidza uye yakanakisa nzvimbo dzekuwana, nekuti kunyangwe paine vashoma vatengi kwavari izvozvi, mamiriro acho haarambe akadaro kwenguva refu.
- Ese manomano uye matipi ari mu arsenal yeakanaka isina waya injiniya nhasi acharamba akakodzera kwenguva yakareba - kunyangwe iyo nzira yekuwana iyo yepakati yakagadziridzwa, ichityora misimboti yekona iyo yakatora makore anopfuura makumi maviri, ichiri kuchengeta. kugarisana kumberi. Iwe uchiri kuda kucheka "zvinononoka" manejimendi (uye iwe uchiri kuda kunzwisisa kuti nei uye rinhi), iwe uchiri kufanira kuronga iyo yemuviri dhizaini, nekuti hapana michina iri padanho rekubatanidza data ichashanda kana paine matambudziko pamuviri. level. Mukana wakangomuka wekuita zviri nani.
- Inenge sarudzo dzese muWi-Fi 6 dzinoitwa nenzvimbo yekuwana. Sezvatinoona, inodzora kupinda kwevatengi kune zvakatipoteredza nekuunganidza zvishandiso pamwechete mu "nguva" dzekushanda panguva imwe chete. Kufamba zvishoma kudivi, basa reTWT riri zvakare zvachose pamapfudzi enzvimbo yekuwana. Iye zvino AP haifanire kungo "tepfenyura network" uye kuchengetedza traffic mumitsetse, asi zvakare chengeta zvinyorwa zvevatengi vese, vachironga kuti vangabatanidza sei zvine pundutso kune mumwe nemumwe zvichibva pane yavo bandwidth uye traffic zvinodiwa, mabhatiri avo nezvimwe zvakawanda, zvakawanda. .- Ini ndinodaidza maitiro aya kuti "orchestration." Iyo algorithms iyo nzvimbo yekuwana ichaita sarudzo dzese idzi hadzina kudzorwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti chaiyo mhando uye maitiro evagadziri anozoratidzwa chaizvo mukuvandudza orchestration algorithms. Kunyanya chokwadi mapoinzi anofanotaura zvinodiwa nevatengi, zviri nani uye zvakaenzana ivo vanozokwanisa kuzvibatanidza mumapoka akawanda ekuwana - saka, zvakanyanya kunzwisisika zviwanikwa zveairtime zvichashandiswa uye nekukwira kwekupedzisira kwekubuda kweiyo nzvimbo yekuwana. zvichazova. Iyo algorithm ndiyo yekupedzisira muganhu!
- Shanduko kubva paWi-Fi 5 kuenda kuWi-Fi 6 ine shanduko mune zvakasikwa uye yakakosha seshanduko kubva pa802.11g kuenda pa802.11n. Ipapo takawana akawanda-tambo uye "payload" aggregation - ikozvino tinowana kuwana panguva imwe chete kune yepakati uye pakupedzisira kushanda MU-MIMO uye Beamforming (kutanga, sezvatinoziva, izvi zvinenge zvakafanana; chechipiri, nhaurirano " nei MU- MIMO yakagadzirwa muna 802.11ac, asi haigone kuitwa kuti ishande βndiwo musoro wechinyorwa chakareba chakasiyana :) Ose ari maviri 802.11n uye Wi-Fi 6 anoshanda mumabhendi ese ari maviri (2,4 GHz uye 5 GHz), kusiyana nevakatangira "yepakati" - zvechokwadi, "nhanhatu ndiyo ina itsva"!
Zvishoma nezvekwakabva chinyorwa ichi
Chinyorwa ichi chakanyorerwa makwikwi akaitwa naHuawei (yakatanga kuburitswa ) Pandainyora, ndainyanya kuvimba nemushumo wangu pamusangano we "Bezprovodov", uyo wakaitwa muna 2019 muSt. , ingoramba uchifunga - inzwi ipapo, kutaura pachena, harisi guru, pasinei neSt. Petersburg mavambo evhidhiyo!).
Source: www.habr.com