Munyori wechinyorwa ichi, Douglas McIlroy, inyanzvi yemasvomhu yekuAmerica, mainjiniya uye muzvirongwa. Iye anonyanya kuzivikanwa nekugadzira pombi muUnix inoshanda sisitimu, misimboti yechikamu-inotungamirwa hurongwa uye akati wandei ekutanga zvinoshandiswa: spell, diff, sort, join, taura, tr.

Dzimwe nguva unosangana nemamwe mapurogiramu akanaka chaizvo. Mushure mekuchera mundangariro dzangu, ndakanyora runyoro rwemamwe echokwadi maUnix matombo mumakore apfuura. Chaizvoizvo, izvi hazviwanzo uye hazvidikanwe zvirongwa. Asi chinovasiyanisa mavambo avo. Handikwanise kana kufungidzira kuti ndakauya nezano kune chero wavo ini.

Govera, ndeapi mapurogiramu zvakare akakufadza iwe zvakanyanya?

PDP-7 Unix

Kutanga, iyo PDP-7 Unix system pachayo. Kureruka kwayo uye simba zvakaita kuti ndishanduke kubva kune ine simba mainframe kuenda kumuchina mudiki. Ndiyo quintessential hierarchical file system, yakaparadzana shell, uye mushandisi-level process control iyo Multics pane mainframes yaisakwanisa kuita mushure memazana emazana emakore ebudiriro. Kukanganisa kweUnix (senge rekodhi chimiro cheiyo faira system) yaidzidzisa uye ichisunungura semagadzirirwo ayo (senge shell I/O redirection).

dc

Robert Morris's variable precision desktop calculator math raibhurari yakashandisa inverse ongororo yekukanganisa kuona iyo chaiyo inodiwa padanho rega rega kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakatsanangurwa nemushandisi. Pa1968 NATO Software Engineering Musangano, mubepa rangu rezvikamu zvesoftware, ndakakurudzira nzira dzereferensi dzinogona kuburitsa mhedzisiro yechero chaidiwa chokwadi, asi ini ndaisaziva mashandisiro azvo mukuita. dc ndiyo chete chirongwa chandinoziva chinogona kuita izvi.

type

Typo inoodha mazwi muzvinyorwa zvichienderana nekufanana kwawo kune mamwe manyoro. Zviperengo zvisirizvo senge 'hte' zvinowanzoguma pakupera kwerondedzero. Robert Morris akataura achidada kuti chirongwa ichi chaizoshanda zvakaenzana mumutauro chero upi zvawo. Kunyange zvazvo taipa isingakubatsiri kuwana zvikanganiso zvefonetiki, yaive godsend yevose vagadziri vetaipa uye yaibatsira zvikuru isati yanyanya kunakidza asi yakanyatsojeka duramazwi cheki yakauya.

Typo inenge isingatarisirwi mukati sezvairi kunze. Kufanana kuyerwa kwegorgorithm kunobva pane kuwanda kwekuitika kwematrigrams, ayo anoverengerwa mune 26x26x26 array. Pakanga pasina nzvimbo yakakwana mundangariro diki yekaunda yebhayiti imwe chete, saka chirongwa chakaitwa kudzvanya nhamba huru kuita zvidiki. Kuti udzivise kufashukira, zviverengero zvakagadziridzwa pane zvingangoitika, kuchengetedza fungidziro yelogarithm yeukoshi hwekaunda.

eqn

Nekuuya kwephototypesetting, zvakave zvichibvira, asi zvinonetesa, kugadzira classical mathematical notation. Lorinda Cherry akafunga kugadzira mutauro wekutsanangura wepamusoro-soro, uye Brian Kernighan akabva abatana naye. Kuita kwavo kwakanaka kwaiva kutaura tsika yaitaurwa nokunyora, ndosaka eqn yakazova nyore zvinoshamisa kudzidza. Yekutanga masvomhu kutaura mutauro preprocessor yerudzi rwayo, eqn yakaona kuvandudzwa kudiki kubva ipapo.

chimiro

Brenda Baker akatanga kuvandudza chake cheFortan-to-Ratfor achipesana nezano remukuru wake, ini. Ndakafunga kuti izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurongeka patsva kwemavara ekutanga. Ichave isina nhamba dzevashandisi, asi neimwe nzira haiverengeke kupfuura yakanyatsorongeka Fortran kodhi. Brenda akandiratidza kuti handina kururama. Akaona kuti chirongwa cheFortran chega chega chine fomu rakarongeka. Vagadziri vezvirongwa vakasarudza fomu rechokwadi pane izvo ivo pachavo vakanyora pakutanga.

Pascal

Kuongororwa kwesyntax mumubatanidzwa wakavakwa neboka raSue Graham kuBerkeley ndiwo akanyanya kubatsira andati ndamboona-uye aingoita otomatiki. Kana paine chikanganiso che syntax, muunganidzi anokukurudzira kuti uise tokeni kuti uenderere mberi nekupatsanura. Hapana kuedza kutsanangura kuti chii chakaipa. Neiyi compiler, ndakadzidza Pascal mune mamwe manheru, ndisina kana bhuku rekushandisa.

zvikamu

Module yakavanzwa mukati meWWB (Munyori's Workbench) package parts Lorinda Cherry anotemesa zvikamu zvekutaura zvemazwi echiRungu zvinyorwa zvichibva padiki duramazwi, zviperengo uye mitemo yegirama. Zvichienderana netsanangudzo iyi, chirongwa cheWWB chinoratidza zviratidziro zvechinyorwa, senge kuwanda kwezvipikisi, zvirevo zvepasi uye mitsara yakaoma. Lorinda paakabvunzurudzwa paNBC's Nhasi show uye akataura nezve WWB's innovative girama yekutarisa, yaive yekutanga kutaurwa kweUnix paterevhizheni.

egrep

Al Aho aitarisira kuti chirevo chake chenguva dzose chekutaura chaizopfuura Ken's classic non-deterministic parser. Sezvineiwo, wekupedzisira akange ave kutopedzisa kupasa kuburikidza neakaomesesa mazwi enguva dzose kusvika egrep akavaka yake deterministic automation. Kuti arambe achihwina mujaho uyu, Al Aho akatenderedza chituko chekukura kukuru kwetafura yenyika yeautomaton nekugadzira nzira yekuvaka panhunzi chete izvo zvinyorwa zvetafura zvakashanyirwa panguva yekuzivikanwa.

magakanje

Luca Cardelli's inoyevedza meta-chirongwa cheBlit windowsing system yakaburitsa magakanje aidzungaira munzvimbo isina chinhu chidzitiro, achiruma zvakanyanya kumapendero emahwindo anoshanda.

Dzimwe pfungwa dzakakwana

Kunyangwe zvisingaonekwe kubva kunze, dzidziso uye algorithms yakaita basa rakasimba mukugadzira mazhinji ezvirongwa izvi: typo, dc, struct, pascal, egrep. Kutaura zvazviri, kushandiswa kusingawanzoitiki kwedzidziso yacho kunonyanya kushamisa.

Vanyori vepakutanga veinoda kusvika hafu yerondedzero - pascal, struct, zvikamu, eqn - vaive vakadzi, iyo inodarika zvakanyanya chikamu chevakadzi musainzi yekombuta.

Douglas McIlroy
Kurume, 2020

Source: www.habr.com