Munyori wechinyorwa ndiAlexey Malanov, nyanzvi padhipatimendi rekuvandudza tekinoroji yeanti-virus kuKaspersky Lab.
Ndakadzokorora kunzwa pfungwa yekuti blockchain inotonhorera, ibudiriro, inguva yemberi. Ndinokurumidza kukuodza mwoyo kana iwe ukaerekana watenda mune izvi.
Kujekeswa: mune ino positi tichataura nezve kuitwa kwe blockchain tekinoroji iyo inoshandiswa muBitcoin cryptocurrency. Kune mamwe mashandisirwo uye mashandisirwo e blockchain, mamwe acho anogadzirisa zvimwe zvikanganiso zve "classic" blockchain, asi anowanzo akavakirwa pamisimboti yakafanana.
Nezve Bitcoin mune zvese
Ini ndinoona tekinoroji yeBitcoin pachayo kuve shanduko. Nehurombo, Bitcoin inoshandiswa kakawanda nekuda kwezvinangwa zvehutsotsi, uye senyanzvi yekuchengetedza ruzivo, ini handizvifarire zvachose. Asi kana tikataura nezve tekinoroji, ipapo budiriro iri pachena.
Zvese zvikamu zveBitcoin protocol uye pfungwa dzakaiswa mairi, kazhinji, dzaizivikanwa pamberi pe2009, asi vaive vanyori veBitcoin vakakwanisa kuisa zvese pamwe nekuita kuti zvishande muna2009. Kweanoda kusvika makore 9, njodzi imwe chete yakakosha yakawanikwa mukuita: munhu anorwisa akagamuchira 92 bhiriyoni bitcoins muakaundi imwe; kugadzirisa kunoda kudzosera kumashure nhoroondo yese yemari kwezuva. Zvakadaro, kusagadzikana kumwe chete munguva yakadai mhedzisiro yakakodzera, hats off.
Vagadziri veBitcoin vaive nedambudziko: kuita kuti zviite neimwe nzira pasi pemamiriro ekuti hapana nzvimbo uye kuti hapana anovimba nemumwe. Vanyori vakapedza basa racho, mari yemagetsi iri kushanda. Asi zvisarudzo zvavakaita hazvina zvazvinobatsira.
Rega ndiite chengetedzo ipapo ipapo kuti chinangwa chechinyorwa ichi hachisi chekuzvidza blockchain. Iyi tekinoroji inobatsira ine uye ichiri kuwana akawanda anoshamisa maapplication. Pasinei nekuipa kwayo, inewo zvakanakira zvakasiyana. Nekudaro, mukutsvaga sensationalism uye revolution, vazhinji vanotarisa pane zvakanakira tekinoroji uye vanowanzo kanganwa kuongorora zvine hungwaru mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, vachiregeredza zvipingamupinyi. Nokudaro, ndinofunga kuti zvinobatsira kutarisa zvisingabatsiri zvekuchinja.
Muenzaniso webhuku umo munyori ane tariro huru ye blockchain. Kuwedzera muchinyorwa kuchave nemazwi akatorwa mubhuku rino
Nhema 1: Blockchain ihombe yakagoverwa komputa
Quote #1: "Blockchain inogona kuve reza yaOccam, inonyanya kushanda, yakananga uye yakasikwa nzira yekubatanidza zvese zvinoitwa nevanhu nemuchina, zvinoenderana nechishuwo chechisikigo chekuenzanisa."
Kana usati wanyura mukati , asi ichangobva kunzwa wongororo nezve tekinoroji iyi, unogona kunge uine fungidziro yekuti blockchain imwe mhando yekombuta yakaparadzirwa inoita, zvinoenderana, yakagoverwa kuverenga. Senge, node kutenderera pasirese dziri kuunganidza zvimedu uye zvidimbu zvechimwe chinhu.
Pfungwa iyi haina kururama zvachose. Muchokwadi, node dzese dzinoshandira blockchain dzinoita chinhu chimwe chete. Mamirioni emakomputa:
- Vanotarisa kutengeserana kumwechete vachishandisa mitemo yakafanana. Vanoita mabasa akafanana.
- Vanorekodha chinhu chimwe chete pa blockchain (kana vaine rombo rakanaka uye vakapihwa mukana wekurekodha).
- Vanochengeta nhoroondo yese kwenguva yese, yakafanana, yemunhu wese.
Hapana kufanana, hapana synergy, hapana kubatsirana. Kungodzokorora chete, uye kamwechete miriyoni-yakapetwa. Tichataura pamusoro pekuti nei izvi zvichidiwa pazasi, asi sezvauri kuona, hapana hunobudirira. Zvakatopesana.
Nhema 2: Blockchain ndeyekusingaperi. Zvose zvakanyorwa mariri zvichagara nokusingaperi
Quote #2: "Nekuwanda kwezvikumbiro, masangano, makambani nenharaunda, marudzi mazhinji matsva ehunhu husingafungidzike uye hwakaomarara hunoyeuchidza hungwaru hwekugadzira (AI) hunogona kubuda."
Hongu, zvechokwadi, sezvatakaona, mutengi wese akazara wetiweki anochengeta nhoroondo yese yekutengeserana kwese, uye anopfuura 100 gigabytes yedata yakatounganidza. Iyi ndiyo yakazara dhisiki kugona kwelaptop yakachipa kana yazvino smartphone. Uye iyo yakawanda yekutengeserana inoitika paBitcoin network, iyo inokurumidza vhoriyamu inokura. Vazhinji vavo vakaonekwa mumakore mashoma apfuura.
Blockchain vhoriyamu kukura.
Uye Bitcoin ine rombo rakanaka - mukwikwidzi wayo, Ethereum network, yakatounganidza 200 gigabytes mu blockchain mumakore maviri chete mushure mekutangwa kwayo uye mwedzi mitanhatu yekushanda nesimba. Saka muzvinhu zvazvino, kusingagumi kwe blockchain kunogumira kumakore gumi - kukura kweiyo hard drive kugona zvechokwadi hakuenderane nekukura kwevhoriyamu ye blockchain.
Asi pamusoro pekuti inofanira kuchengetwa, inofanirawo kutorwa pasi. Chero ani aiedza kushandisa chikwama chemunzvimbo chakazara kune chero cryptocurrency akashamisika kuwana kuti aisakwanisa kubhadhara kana kubvuma kusvika vhoriyamu yese yakataurwa yatorwa uye yakaongororwa. Iwe uchave nerombo rakanaka kana maitiro aya achingotora mazuva mashoma.
Iwe unogona kubvunza, zvinogoneka here kusachengeta zvese izvi, sezvo zviri chinhu chimwe chete, pane yega network node? Zvinogoneka, asi ipapo, chekutanga, haichazove peer-to-peer blockchain, asi yechinyakare mutengi-server architecture. Uye chechipiri, ipapo vatengi vanozomanikidzwa kuvimba nemaseva. Ndiko kuti, iyo pfungwa ye "kusavimba nemunhu," iyo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, iyo blockchain yakagadzirwa, inonyangarika mune iyi kesi.
Kwenguva yakareba, vashandisi veBitcoin vakakamurwa kuva vanofarira "vanotambura" uye vanorodha zvese, uye vanhuwo zvavo vanoshandisa online wallet, vanovimba sevha uye avo, kazhinji, havana hanya kuti inoshanda sei ipapo.
Nhema 3: Blockchain inoshanda uye inopararira, mari yenguva dzose inofa
Quote #3: "Kusanganiswa kwe blockchain tekinoroji + yemunhu "Organism" inobvumira pfungwa dzese dzevanhu kuti dzivharwe uye dziwanikwe muchimiro chakamisikidzwa chakamisikidzwa. Data inogona kutorwa nekuongorora cerebral cortex, EEG, uropi-kombiyuta interfaces, cognitive nanorobots, etc. Kufunga kunogona kumiririrwa nenzira yemaketani ezvivharo, kurekodha mukati mavo zvinenge zvose zvemunhu subjective ruzivo uye, zvichida, kunyange ake. kuziva. Kana yakanyorwa pa blockchain, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvendangariro zvinogona kupihwa uye kutamiswa - semuenzaniso, kudzoreredza ndangariro mune yezvirwere zvinoperekedzwa neamnesia. "
Kana imwe node yetiweki ichiita chinhu chimwe chete, zvino zviri pachena kuti kubuda kwetiweki yese kwakaenzana nekubuda kweimwe network node. Uye unoziva here kuti yakaenzana nei? Bitcoin inogona kugadzirisa huwandu hwe7 transactions pasekondi - kune wese munhu.
Pamusoro pezvo, paBitcoin blockchain, kutengeserana kunongonyorwa kamwe chete maminetsi gumi. Uye mushure mekuonekwa kwekupinda, kuve kwakachengeteka, itsika kumirira mamwe maminetsi makumi mashanu, nekuti mapindiro anogara achidzoserwa kumashure. Iye zvino fungidzira kuti unoda kutenga chewing gum ne bitcoins. Ingomira muchitoro kweawa, funga nezvazvo.
Mukati mehurongwa hwepasirese, izvi zvatove zvisina musoro, apo kashoma munhu wechiuru chese paPasi anoshandisa Bitcoin. Uye nekumhanya kwakadaro kwekutengeserana, hazvizogoneke kuwedzera zvakanyanya nhamba yevashandisi vanoshanda. Kuenzanisa: Visa inobata zviuru zvekutengesa pasekondi, uye kana zvichidikanwa, inogona kuwedzera huwandu nyore, nekuti tekinoroji yekubhengi inokura.
Kunyangwe kana mari yenguva dzose ikafa, hazvizove pachena nekuti ichatsiviwa ne blockchain mhinduro.
Nhema 4: Vacheri vanovimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwetiweki
Quote #4: "Mabhizinesi anozvimiririra ari mugore, anofambiswa neblockchain uye anofambiswa nezvibvumirano zvakangwara, anogona kupinda muzvibvumirano zvemagetsi nemasangano akakodzera, akadai sehurumende, kuti vazvinyorese pasi penzvimbo ipi neipi yavanoda kushanda pasi payo."
Iwe wakambonzwa nezvevashandi vemumigodhi, nezve hofori mapurazi emigodhi akavakwa pedyo nemagetsi emagetsi. Vari kuitei? Vanoparadza magetsi kwemaminetsi gumi, "vachizunungusa" zvidhinha kusvika zvave "kunaka" uye zvinogona kuverengerwa mu blockchain (nezve izvo "zvakanaka" zvidhinha uye nei "zvizunza" iwo, ) Izvi ndezvekuona kuti kunyorazve nhoroondo yako yezvemari kunotora nguva yakaenzana nekuinyora (uchifunga kuti une huwandu hwakafanana).
Kuwanda kwemagetsi anopedzwa kwakafanana neguta rinoshandisa pavagari ve100. Asi wedzera pano zvakare midziyo inodhura iyo yakakodzera chete kumigodhi. Nheyo yekuchera (iyo inonzi humbowo-hwe-basa) yakafanana nepfungwa ye "kupisa zviwanikwa zvevanhu."
Blockchain optimists vanoda kutaura kuti vashandi vemigodhi havasi kungoita basa risina maturo, asi vari kuvimbisa kugadzikana uye kuchengeteka kweBitcoin network. Ichokwadi, dambudziko chete nderekuti vashandi vanochengetedza Bitcoin kubva kune vamwe vashandi vemumigodhi.
Dai paiva nechuru zvakapetwa kane vashoma vemigodhi uye magetsi mashoma mashoma akapiswa, ipapo Bitcoin yaisazoshanda zvakanyanya - imwechete block maminetsi gumi ega ega, nhamba yakafanana yekutengeserana, kumhanya kwakafanana.
Pane njodzi ine blockchain mhinduro "" Chinokosha chekurwiswa ndechokuti kana mumwe munhu achidzora inopfuura hafu yehuwandu hwemigodhi, anogona kunyora muchivande imwe nhoroondo yezvemari umo asina kutumira mari yake kune ani zvake. Uye wobva waratidza munhu wese vhezheni yako - uye ichava chokwadi. Nokudaro, anowana mukana wekushandisa mari yake kakawanda. Maitiro ekubhadhara echinyakare haatani kurwiswa kwakadaro.
Zvinoitika kuti Bitcoin yave nhapwa kune yayo ideology. "Kuwedzera" vashandi vemigodhi havagoni kumisa migodhi, nokuti ipapo mukana wekuti mumwe munhu ari oga achatonga inopfuura hafu yesimba rinosara richawedzera zvakanyanya. Nepo kuchera kunobatsira, network yakagadzikana, asi kana mamiriro acho akachinja (semuenzaniso, nekuti magetsi anowedzera kudhura), network inogona kutarisana ne "mari mbiri".
Nhema 5: Blockchain yakaderedzwa uye saka haigone kuparadzwa
Quote #5: "Kuti uve sangano rakazara, chikumbiro chakaiswa munzvimbo dzinofanirwa kunge chine mabasa akaomarara, sebumbiro remitemo."
Iwe unogona kufunga kuti sezvo blockchain ichichengetwa pane imwe node mune network, masevhisi ehungwaru haakwanise kuvhara Bitcoin kana achida, nekuti haina imwe mhando yepakati server kana chimwe chinhu chakadaro - hapana munhu angaite. kuuya kuzoivhara. Asi iyi inhema.
Muchokwadi, vese "vakazvimiririra" vashandi vemigodhi vakarongwa kuva madziva (chaizvoizvo ma cartels). Vanofanira kubatana nokuti zviri nani kuva nemari yakagadzikana, asi shoma, pane yakakura, asi kamwe chete pamakore 1000.
Bitcoin simba rekugovera mhiri kwemadziva.
Sezvaunogona kuona mumufananidzo, kune anenge makumi maviri madziva makuru, uye mana chete awo anodzora kupfuura 20% yesimba rose. Zvese iwe zvunofanirwa kuita kugogodza pamagonhi mana uye kuwana mukana kune mana ekudzora makomputa kuti akupe iwe kugona kushandisa imwechete bitcoin kanopfuura kamwe paBitcoin network. Uye mukana uyu, sezvaunonzwisisa, uchaita kudzikira Bitcoin. Uye basa iri rinogoneka.
Kugoverwa kwemigodhi nenyika.
Asi tyisidziro yacho inotova yechokwadi zvikuru. Mazhinji emadziva, pamwe nesimba ravo rekombuta, ari munyika imwe chete, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutora kutonga kweBitcoin.
Nhema 6: Kusazivikanwa uye kuvhurika kwe blockchain kwakanaka
Quote #6: "Munguva yeblockchain, hurumende yechinyakare 1.0 iri kunyanya kuve modhi yechinyakare, uye pane mikana yekubva kune zvakagarwa nhaka kuenda kune mamwe marudzi ehurumende."
Iyo blockchain yakavhurika, munhu wese anogona kuona zvese. Saka Bitcoin haina kusazivikanwa, ine "pseudonymity". Semuenzaniso, kana munhu anorwisa achida rudzikinuro pachikwama, saka munhu wese anonzwisisa kuti chikwama ndechemunhu akaipa. Uye sezvo chero ani zvake anogona kutarisa kutengeserana kubva muchikwama ichi, munyengeri haazokwanisi kushandisa bitcoins yakagamuchirwa nyore nyore, nokuti pakarepo paanoratidza huzivi hwake pane imwe nzvimbo, anobva aiswa mujeri. Pane dzinenge dzekuchinjana kwese, iwe unofanirwa kuzivikanwa kuti uchinje nemari yenguva dzose.
Nokudaro, vanorwisa vanoshandisa iyo inonzi "mixer". Musanganisi anosanganisa mari yakasviba nemari yakawanda yakachena, uye nekudaro "inosuka" iyo. Anorwisa anobhadhara komisheni hombe yeizvi uye anotora njodzi huru, nekuti musanganisi angave asingazivikanwe (uye anogona kutiza nemari), kana atove pasi pehutongi hwemumwe munhu ane simba (uye anogona kuiendesa kune zviremera).
Asi tichisiya zvinetso zvematsotsi parutivi, nei zita remanyepo rakaipa kuvashandisi vakatendeseka? Heino muenzaniso wakapfava: Ndinoendesa mamwe bitcoins kuna amai vangu. Mushure meizvi anoziva:
- Ndine mari yakawanda sei panguva ipi zvayo?
- Yakawanda sei uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, chii chaizvo chandaishandisa nguva yese? Ndakatenga chii, rudzii rwe roulette yandakatamba, ndeupi wezvematongerwo enyika wandakatsigira "asingazivikanwe".
Kana kuti ndikabhadhara chikwereti kune shamwari yeremonade, iye zvino anoziva zvose pamusoro pemari yangu. Unofunga kuti izvi hazvina maturo here? Zvakaoma here kuti munhu wese avhure nhoroondo yezvemari yekadhi rake rechikwereti? Uyezve, kwete chete yapfuura, asiwo ramangwana rose.
Kana kune vanhu vamwe izvi zvichiri zvakanaka (zvakanaka, hauzive, munhu anoda kuve "pachena"), saka kumakambani zvinouraya: vese vanobatana navo, kutenga, kutengesa, vatengi, huwandu hweakaundi uye mune zvese zvese, zvese. , zvese - zvinova pachena. Kuvhurika kwemari pamwe ndeimwe yezvakanyanya kusakosha kweBitcoin.
mhedziso
Quote No. 7: "Zvinogoneka kuti blockchain tekinoroji ichava iyo yepamusoro hupfumi dhizaini yenyika yakabatana yakabatana yemhando dzakasiyana dzemakomputa, zvinosanganisira zvinopfekeka komputa zvishandiso uye Internet yezvinhu zvinonzwa."
Ndakanyora zvichemo zvitanhatu zvikuru nezveBitcoin uye vhezheni ye blockchain yainoshandisa. Iwe unogona kubvunza, nei wakadzidza pamusoro peizvi kubva kwandiri, uye kwete kare kubva kune mumwe munhu? Hapana anoona matambudziko here?
Vamwe vakapofomadzwa, vamwe havanzwisisi , uye mumwe munhu anoona uye anoziva zvinhu zvose, asi hazvina zvazvinobatsira kuti anyore nezvazvo. Funga iwe pachako, vazhinji veavo vakatenga bitcoins vanotanga kushambadza nekusimudzira. Kinda anobuda. Sei uchinyora kuti tekinoroji ine zvayakaipira kana iwe uchitarisira kuti chiyero chisimuke?
Hongu, Bitcoin ine vakwikwidzi vakaedza kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko. Uye nepo mamwe emazano ari akanaka kwazvo, blockchain ichiri pakati. Ehe, kune mamwe, asiri emari mashandisirwo e blockchain tekinoroji, asi izvo zvakakosha zvakashata zve blockchain zvinoramba zviripo.
Zvino, kana mumwe munhu akakuudza kuti kugadzirwa kwe blockchain kwakafananidzwa mukukosha nekugadzirwa kweInternet, tora nekukahadzika kwakaringana.
Source: www.habr.com