Basa remutongi wehurongwa rinogara richiperekedzwa nemafungiro asina kunaka. A system administrator imhando yeuniversal IT nyanzvi mune chero kambani inogadzirisa makomputa, inoisa Indaneti, inobata nemidziyo yehofisi, inogadzirisa zvirongwa, nezvimwewo. Zvakasvika pakuti Sysadmin Day yakaonekwa - Chishanu chekupedzisira chaJuly, kureva, nhasi.
Uyezve, zororo iri rine zuva rekurangarira - zuva rekutanga reSysadmin rakapembererwa muna 2000 muChicago neAmerican "universal IT nyanzvi" anonzi Ted Kekatos. Yaiva pikiniki yekunze nekutora chikamu kwevashandi vekambani diki yesoftware.
Zororo rakasvika kuRussia muna 2006, apo musangano weAll-Russian wevatungamiri vehurongwa wakaitika pedyo neKaluga, iyo chiitiko chakafanana chakawedzerwa muNovosibirsk.
Basa rinorarama uye rinokura, uye nhasi mukana wakanakisa wekutarisa kushanduka kwayo, mamiriro azvino uye tarisiro yakavhurwa nekushanda semutongi wehurongwa munyika ye "big IT".
System administrator: nezuro uye nhasi
Nhasi kune misiyano yakawanda muzvinyorwa zvinoshanda zvebasa remugadziri wehurongwa.
Mukambani diki ine vashandi vanosvika zana, munhu mumwe chete iyeye anogona kuita basa remaneja system, maneja, anozobatawo marezinesi esoftware uye ane basa rekuchengetedza midziyo yemuhofisi, kumisikidza Wi-Fi, kupindura zvikumbiro zvevashandisi, uye kuva nebasa remaseva. Kana kamwe kamwe kambani ine 100C, saka, maererano naizvozvo, munhu uyu achanzwisisawo nzvimbo iyi. Iri ibasa remutongi wehurongwa mune bhizinesi diki.
Kana ari makambani makuru - vanopa masevhisi, vanopa gore, vanogadzira software, nezvimwewo, kune, hongu, zvakadzama mamiriro ekushanduka kweiyo system administrator basa.
Semuenzaniso, mumakambani akadaro panogona kunge paine chinzvimbo cheakazvitsaurira Unix maneja, Windows admin, pachava ne "nyanzvi yekuchengetedza", pamwe nevainjiniya venetiweki. Chokwadi ivo vese vane mukuru weIT department kana IT maneja uyo ane basa rekutarisira zvivakwa uye mapurojekiti eIT mudhipatimendi. Makambani makuru anozoda IT director anonzwisisa kuronga kwehunyanzvi, uye pano hazvingave zano rakashata kuti uwanezve MBA degree mukuwedzera kune yagara iripo tekinoroji kumashure. Iko hakuna mhinduro chaiyo, zvese zvinoenderana nekambani.
Vazhinji vechidiki vavanoshanda navo vachiri kutanga basa ravo semaneja wehurongwa vanotanga nemitsara yekutanga neyechipiri yerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi - kupindura mibvunzo yakapusa kubva kuvashandisi, kuwana ruzivo uye kuwana hunyanzvi hwekutsungirira kushushikana. Vanodzidziswa nevane ruzivo nevatariri vehurongwa, vanogadzira maitiro algorithms ezviitiko zvakajairika zvekugadzirisa matambudziko, kugadzirisa, etc. Munhu anodzidza zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kana akabudirira uye achida zvose, zvishoma nezvishoma anokura kusvika kune imwe nhanho.
Pano isu tinoenderera mberi kumubvunzo wekuti system management inogona kutariswa senge rudzi rwe portal kune yakakomba IT basa, kana imhando yeakavharika nhanho iwe yaunogona chete kusimudzira yakatwasuka?
Denga ndiro muganho
Chokutanga pane zvose, ndinoda kuziva kuti kune mutungamiri wehurongwa munyika yemazuva ano, achifunga nezvezvinhu zvose zvinokosha zvekuvandudza IT, pane mukana wakakosha wekuvandudza nekukura unyanzvi mune chero nzira yakasarudzwa.
Kutanga, iwe uri nyanzvi mudhipatimendi rekutsigira IT, wobva waita maneja wehurongwa, uyezve unofanirwa kusarudza nyanzvi. Iwe unogona kuve programmer, Unix maneja, network injinjini, kana IT system architect kana kuchengetedza nyanzvi, kana kunyangwe maneja weprojekiti.
Ehe, zvese hazvisi nyore - chekutanga, iwe unofanirwa kuwana ruzivo, kupasa bvunzo muzvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvedzidzo, kugamuchira zvitupa, kugara uchiratidza kuti unokwanisa kuratidza mhedzisiro uye kushandisa ruzivo rwawakawana uye ruzivo, uye kugara uchidzidza. Kana maneja wehurongwa achisarudza nzira yekusimudzira munzira yeanogadzira system, saka pano iwe unogona kutarisira muhoro hausi wakaipisisa kupfuura iwo wemaneja eIT.
Nenzira, kubva kune system administrator unogona kuenda muIT manejimendi. Kana iwe uchida kubata, kushandira pamwe, uye kutungamira, saka nzira yakavhurika kwauri mumunda wekutonga kweprojekiti.
Senge sarudzo, iwe unogona kuramba uri maneja wehurongwa padanho rakanaka kwazvo rehunyanzvi, uye kusimudzira munzvimbo yakasarudzika, semuenzaniso, mune imwe gore mupi, uchitarisa pamabasa ane chekuita nehupfumi hwegore uye virtualization.
Neraki kune vatariri vehurongwa, nhasi hapana mukana waisazovhurika kune vaunoshanda navo - munhu wese anozvisarudzira kwaanofanira kuwedzera kukura nekusimudzira.
Dzidzo yawandisa here?
Nhau dzakanaka: tinogona kutaura kuti chikumbaridzo chekupinda muIT kuburikidza nechinzvimbo chemutongi wehurongwa hachidi chakakosha, toti, dzidzo yemasvomhu.
Pakati pevandaizivana navo pakanga paine vazhinji vevanhu vakakwanisa kuvaka basa rakabudirira, kutanga nerutsigiro rweIT uyezve munzira yakatsanangurwa. System management iri kuita yakanakisa "IT yunivhesiti" pano.
Ehe, dzidzo yehunyanzvi haizove yakawandisa uye, pane kudaro, ichave yakakosha, asi kunyangwe mune iyi kesi iwe uchafanirwa kutora mamwe makosi muhunyanzvi hwako uye kuwana ruzivo kuburikidza nezviitiko chaizvo.
Kazhinji, kana munhu achida kuva mutungamiriri wehurongwa, saka nhasi haisi basa rakavharwa, sekuti, mutyairi wekurwira. Unogona kutanga kuenda kune zviroto zvako pamubhedha kumba nekudzidza mabhuku kana makosi kubva pachiratidziro che smartphone yako. Ruzivo rwakawanda pane chero chinyorwa chinowanikwa muchimiro chemahara uye akabhadharwa makosi uye zvinyorwa.
Pane mukana wekugadzirira yako yekutanga IT basa kumba uye wozowana basa muIT rutsigiro nerunyararo rwakakwana rwepfungwa.
Hongu, avo vakadzidza hunyanzvi hwakabatana kuyunivhesiti vane mukana wekutanga, asi, kune rumwe rutivi, munhu ane dzidzo yakanaka yemasvomhu haakwanisi kuronga kuenda kunotsigira kana kuve maneja wehurongwa; sezvingabvira, achasarudza nzira yakasiyana - semuenzaniso, Big Data. Uye izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya kukwikwidzana zvakananga padanho rekutanga rekupinda muindasitiri.
Unyanzvi: yepamusoro 5 sysadmin "unyanzvi" - 2020
Ehe, imwe seti yehunyanzvi ichiri kudikanwa kuti ubudirire kushanda semaneja system muna 2020. Hoyo ari pano.
Chokutanga pane zvose, chido chekushanda uye kukura mubasa iri, kushingaira, kubudirira uye chido chekugara uchidzidza. Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru.
Kana mumwe munhu akanzwa pane imwe nzvimbo kuti mutungamiri wehurongwa anotonhorera, asi mushure mokuedza, akaziva kuti haafariri basa racho, saka zviri nani kusaparadza nguva uye kuchinja unyanzvi hwake. Basa racho rinoda "yakakomba uye yenguva refu" maitiro. Chimwe chinhu chiri kuramba chichichinja muIT. Pano iwe haugone kudzidza chimwe chinhu kamwe chete uye kugara paruzivo urwu kwemakore gumi uye usingaiti chinhu, kwete kudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva. "Dzidza, dzidza uye dzidza zvakare." /IN. I. Lenin/
Chechipiri chakakosha cheunyanzvi seti ndeyekuyeuka kwakanaka uye hunyanzvi hwekuongorora. Iwe unogara uchifanira kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakawanda mumusoro mako, wedzera mavhoriyamu matsva uye nzvimbo dzezvidzidzo kwairi, kugona kunzwisisa nehunyanzvi uye nekuishandura kuita huwandu hwezviito zvinobatsira zvehunyanzvi. Uye kugona kuredza uye kushandisa ruzivo uye ruzivo panguva chaiyo.
Chikamu chechitatu ndicho chikamu chidiki cheruzivo rwehunyanzvi. Kune vakapedza kudzidza kumayunivhesiti ehunyanzvi ehunyanzvi, zvichave zvakakwana: ruzivo rwezvakakosha zvedhatabhesi, misimboti yeOS dhizaini (kwete zvakadzama, kwete padanho remugadziri), kunzwisisa kwekuita kwesoftware nehardware, kunzwisisa kwemisimboti. yekushanda kwetiweki, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa hunyanzvi, ruzivo rwekutanga rweTCP/IP, Unix, Windows masisitimu. Kana iwe uchiziva nzira yekudzosera Window uye kuunganidza komputa yako pachako, unenge watogadzirira kuve system maneja.
Chimwe chezviratidzo zvenguva nhasi ndeye otomatiki; yega yega system administrator anosvika pamhedzisiro yekuti zviri nyore kunyora mamwe maitiro padanho rekunyora, nekudaro vachideredza basa ravo rinonetesa remanyorero.
Pfungwa yechina ruzivo rweChirungu, uhwu hunyanzvi hunodiwa chose. Zviri nani kuzadza ruzivo rwako pachako kubva kumavambo masosi; mutauro weIT nhasi Chirungu.
Chekupedzisira, chikamu chechishanu cheiyo 2020 system administrator hunyanzvi seti ndeye multifunctionality. Iye zvino zvinhu zvose zvakapindirana, semuenzaniso, zvose Windows neUnix, sekutonga, zvinosanganiswa muhutano hwakafanana hwezvivharo zvakasiyana zvemabasa.
Unix ikozvino yave kushandiswa kunenge kwese kwese, zvese mumakambani eIT masisitimu uye mumakore; Unix inotomhanya 1C uye MS SQL, pamwe neMicrosoft neAmazon Cloud Cloud maseva.
Zvichienderana nezvakatsanangurwa zvebasa mune imwe kambani, maneja wehurongwa anogona kudikanwa kuti akwanise kukurumidza kunzwisisa zvinhu zvisingatarisirwe uye nekukurumidza kubatanidza imwe yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa gore application kana API yayo mumaitiro ekambani.
Mushoko, iwe unofanirwa kuenderana ne #tyzhaitishnik stereotype uye unokwanisa kushandira mhedzisiro pane chero basa.
DevOps inenge isingaonekwe
Imwe yeakanyanya kujeka mamiriro uye maitiro mukuvandudzwa kwebasa remutongi wehurongwa nhasi ndeDevOps; Ndiyo stereotype, kana.
Muchokwadi, zvese hazvisi nyore: nyanzvi yeDevOps muIT yemazuva ano ndeye mubatsiri wemugadziri anogara achivandudza uye "kugadzirisa" zvivakwa, anonzwisisa kuti nei kodhi yakashanda pane imwe shanduro yeraibhurari, asi haina kushanda pane imwe. DevOps zvakare inogadzirisa akasiyana maalgorithms ekuisa uye kuyedza chigadzirwa pachayo kana gore maseva, uye inobatsira kusarudza nekugadzirisa zvivakwa zveIT zvikamu. Uye zvechokwadi anogona "kuronga" chimwe chinhu uye kuverenga kodhi yemumwe munhu, asi iyi haisi basa rake guru.
DevOps inonyanya kuve yakanyatso hunyanzvi system maneja. Ndizvo zvavakamudaidza, asi hazvina kunyatso chinja basa rake nemabasa. Zvakare, iko zvino basa iri riri muchimiro, asi avo vasina kuwana nguva yekuripinda vane mukana wekuzviita mumakore mashanu anotevera.
Nhasi, maitiro ari kusimukira mumunda wekuvaka IT basa kubva kune system administrator level marobhoti uye otomatiki (RPA), AI uye Big Data, DevOps, Cloud admin.
Basa remutongi wehurongwa rinogara riri pamharadzano yenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzezvidzidzo; imhando yemuvaki wehunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekuzvibatanidza. Izvo hazvizove zvakapusa kuwana hunyanzvi - kuramba kushushikana uye ruzivo rushoma rwe psychology. Usakanganwa kuti haushande neIT chete, asiwo nevanhu vakanyanya, vakasiyana. Iwe zvakare uchafanirwa kutsanangura kanopfuura kamwe kuti sei yako IT mhinduro iri nani pane vamwe uye nei yakakosha kuishandisa.
Ini ndichawedzera kuti basa richaramba richidiwa nekusingaperi. Nokuti zvipikirwa zvose zvevatengesi vakuru veTI vanozivisa kusunungurwa kwe "zvigadziro zvakakwana zvakakwana uye zvirongwa zvisingazoputsi, zvichachengetedza uye kuzvigadzirisa" hazvisati zvasimbiswa nekuita. Oracle, Microsoft nemamwe makambani makuru vanotaura nezveizvi nguva nenguva. Asi hapana chakadai chinoitika, nekuti masisitimu eruzivo anoramba akasiyana zvakanyanya uye akasiyana maererano nemapuratifomu, mitauro, mapuroteni, nezvimwe. Hapana hungwaru hwekugadzira huchiri kukwanisa kugadzirisa kushanda kwakatsetseka kwezvakaoma IT zvivakwa pasina zvikanganiso uye pasina kupindira kwevanhu.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti vatariri vehurongwa vanozodikanwa kwenguva yakareba kwazvo uye nezvinodiwa zvakanyanya pahunyanzvi hwavo.
IT-maneja weLinxdatacenter Ilya Ilyichev
Source: www.habr.com