System administrator vs boss: kurwa pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa?

Kune akawanda epic nezve system administrator: makotesheni uye makomiki paBashorg, megabytes enyaya paIThappens uye fucking IT, asingaperi epamhepo mitambo pamaforamu. Izvi hazvisi masanga. Chekutanga, vakomana ava ndivo kiyi yekushanda kwechikamu chakakosha chezvivakwa zvechero kambani, chechipiri, pave nemakakatanwa asinganzwisisike nezvekuti hurongwa hwekutonga huri kupera here, chechitatu, vatariri vehurongwa ivo pachavo vakomana vepakutanga, kutaurirana ne ivo isayenzi yakasiyana. Asi majee majee, uye basa remugadziri wehurongwa zvese zvine njodzi uye zvakaoma, uye chaizvo zvinoenderana nemitsara yerwiyo - pakutanga kutaridzika kunoratidzika kunge kusingaonekwe. Kunyanya kazhinji hazvionekwe kune mamaneja mumabhizinesi madiki uye epakati, ndosaka kukakavara, matambudziko, kupenga uye mamwe misoro yemakambani inomuka. Ngatifungidzire kuti zvinokwanisika here kurova mukuru kana, zvakanaka, iye mukutenderera kwega kwega.

10 admin mamiriro uye nzira dzekubuda mazviri

Mamiriro ezvinhu 1. System administrator ndiye "mugadzirisi" wematambudziko ose

Kana maneja wehurongwa akaverenga tsananguro yebasa rake, haakwanise kuwana chirevo chinotaura kuti dambudziko rega rega muhofisi rine chekuita nezvese zvakabairwa musoketi ndiro dambudziko rake. Nekudaro, mumabhizinesi madiki uye epakati nepakati, maneja wehurongwa anowanzo kuve musanganiswa wemaneja wekugovera, mugadziri wemagetsi uye system administrator pachake: anoraira mvura, anogadzirisa matafura uye kettles, anotsigira network uye nzvimbo dzekushandira, dzimwe nguva anotsigira vashandirwi mupfungwa. asingavatsigiri mumwoyo make, nokuti aneta nezviitiko zana pazuva). Muchokwadi, ndiye ega anoshanduka kuita sevhisi yemukati - chirongwa chikuru, asi kwete nekuedza kwemunhu mumwe. Zvakanaka, hongu, kana munhu angorambwa basa risiri rekutanga kana kumisa kugadzirisa muchina wekofi kusvika mangwanani, nekuti manheru ivo vanofanirwa kuburitsa bhenji rekuyedza kune yakagadziridzwa beta, zvichemo zvinokurumidza kuoneka, nerufaro, kusvika maneja mukuru mukambani diki idanho rimwe. Mukuru wemauto anogona kuve mutsigiri wekuburitswa kwebeta manheru uye murume akanaka, asi kuti adzivise shanduko yecaffeine, acharamba achikumbira kugadzirisa iyo unit, nekuti inodhura chii, "bhizinesi."

chisarudzo

Kupomba uye kupenengura tsananguro yebasa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kune njodzi, saka kurongeka maitiro uye mamwe matipi anonzwisisika achakuponesa.

• Ita basa rako wakatendeka kuitira kuti pasave nepfungwa dzinomuka dzekukukanganisa pazviri. 
• Usape rubatsiro rwako kutanga - pindura pachikumbiro (kana zvirinani zvakadaro, patikiti repamutemo mukati tikiti system).
• Usatambisa nguva yako uchitsanangura zvinhu zvakatotsanangurwa kamwechete: zvitumire kuGoogle kana kuti uzvitumire kune hwaro hweruzivo (izvo zviri nani kugadzira nekuzadza kamwe chete pane kutsanangura chinhu chimwe chete kane zana).
• Gadzira hurongwa hwekutaurirana zviri pamutemo maererano nekugadziriswa kwetsaona dzemuhofisi - zvingave izvi zvinofanirwa kunge zviri zvikumbiro netsamba, kana application processing system, kana mutumwa ane nhoroondo yese yakachengetwa).

Situation 2. Non-techies kurwisa

Musoro wekambani kana dhipatimendi anogona kuve nyore kuve munhu asina IT kumashure, izvo zvinoreva kuti ivo vanozove nemutauro wakasiyana wekutaurirana nemutungamiri wehurongwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, ndiye maneja ndiye muiti wesarudzo, uye kazhinji sarudzo idzi hadzigoneki, hazvigoneke, nezvimwe. (zvakanaka, semuenzaniso, kushandisa SAP CRM mukambani diki, uye kwete RegionSoft CRM, nekuda kwekuti vekutanga vakatumira chipangamazano uyo akakwesha zvinogutsa nezve software inotonhorera pasi rose). Kana pasina bafa yakakura pakati pemaneja uye system maneja mumunhu weCIO, CTO kana mukuru wedhipatimendi reIT, uye ndiye ega murwi munharaunda iyi, hazvizove nyore. Kune rumwe rutivi, hongu, haugoni kupa mhedziso pamusoro pezvisarudzo: kana iwe uchida SAP, pachava neSAP, kana iwe uchida sevha ye700 zviuru rubles. - pachava nevhavha ye700 zviuru rubles. Asi zviri kuna admin wobva watsigira zvinenge zvaitwa!

chisarudzo

• Kurukurai uye tsanangurai. Sezvo mutemo, pfungwa huru yemaneja ipurofiti, kureva kuti mari inobvisa mari. Usapinda mumhando dzepurofiti kana musoro weROI neEBITDA, ingoedza kuburitsa kuti yakawanda sei iyi kana iyo software kana Hardware inogona kukanganisa purofiti, zvichatora nguva yakareba sei kuzvibhadhara.
• Tsanangura uye uverenge kuti ichadhura marii pakugadzirisa, tsigiro, zvigadziriso, rendi, nezvimwe.
• Tsanangura kuti hardware ine simba inoshandisa mamwe magetsi, inoda kamuri yakaparadzana (isina kugadzirira kumira kuseri kwe admin), nezvimwe.
• Ipa kukurukura hurongwa hwekushandisa chidimbu chitsva chezvivakwa.
• Kana vanachipangamazano vari kuita, edza kuvepo panguva yekukurukurirana uye bvunza nyanzvi mibvunzo yakadzama yehunyanzvi. 
• Ratidza dzimwe nzira uye uudze kuti mutengo wezvinhu uchakanganisa sei mamiriro emari ekambani.

Kazhinji nhaurirano kubva pamaonero emari inoshanda zvinobudirira. 

Situation 3. A slacker system administrator mumaziso evaanoshanda navo uye mukuru

Izvi, hongu, ndiyo huru epic yehupenyu hwemutongi wehurongwa mubhizinesi diki nepakati. Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvose zvakanyatsogadziriswa, zvakagadziriswa uye kushanda, basa remugadziri wehurongwa harioneki, asi pakarepo kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza, mutungamiri wehurongwa ane mhosva uye mibvunzo inotaurirwa kwaari pamusoro pekuti sei zvose zvisina kuitwa nenguva. kudzivirira matambudziko padivi renzvimbo yedata (somuenzaniso). Kazhinji, kusvika parizvino zvakanaka, maneja wehurongwa akanyorwa senhamba yekutanga slacker. 

Asi pane chimwe chikamu chemamiriro ezvinhu aya: maneja wehurongwa achagadzirisa zana matambudziko, asi zana nekutanga zvinoda nguva yakawanda uye zviwanikwa uye ndizvozvo, "akamisa basa redhipatimendi rose!" Uye haugone kuratidza kune chero munhu kuti wanga uchitenderera senge wepamusoro zuva rese, uye uyu waunoshanda naye akakukumbira kuti uise pasiwedhi yako kashanu uye katatu kuti akuratidze kuti uye kupi uye kupi kwekupinda iyo-mbiri-yechokwadi kodhi kodhi mukati. email yako.

chisarudzo

Zvese pano zviri banal: rekodha zvachose zvikumbiro zvese zvine ruzivo rwakanyanya. Pane zvakawanda zvekushandisa izvi. E-mail uye vatumwa pakarepo ndivo vasina kukodzera: vanogona kurasikirwa nematanda, havape chero nhamba (saka ingotarisa uye ndizvo zviripo!), tyora meseji cheni, nezvimwe. Masisitimu emahara ematikiti akanaka, asi kazhinji asina kugadzikana, haaite uye anounzwa sezvaari. Zviri nani kusarudza chimwe chinhu chisingadhuri uye chakavimbika, icho mutengesi ane mhosva yekugadzikana kwayo. Semuenzaniso, isu takagadzira yekukurumidza nekukurumidza uye nyore ZEDline Tsigiro -Sitimu umo vatengi vemukati kana vekunze vanokutumira matikiti, unonyorerana navo uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ako. Isu pachedu takaedza boka resoftware yakafanana uye mukusimudzira takagadzirisa izvo zvisina kutikodzera zvachose: takaita mashandiro akasarudzika (matikiti anovhurwa zvisingaonekwe), kukurumidza kutumira sisitimu (mumaminitsi mashanu), zvigadziriso zviri nyore uye zvinowanikwa (imwe 5 maminetsi), chimiro chakareruka (chero mushandi anovimbiswa kukwanisa kugadzira tikiti kana achiziva kuvhura browser uye achikwanisa kuwana akati wandei masaiti). Zvakafanana ZEDline Tsigiro  inogona kushandiswa nevekunze, nzvimbo dzebasa uye chero rutsigiro rwevatengi.

Saka, iwe unotove kondirakiti yemukati bhizinesi mutengi, uye iwe unogona kukwidza ku "hapana tikiti - hapana dambudziko," uye kana paine matambudziko, wakadzikama ratidza kune maneja zviitiko zvese, mamiriro ebasa, huwandu, nezvimwe. Kunyorerana chaiko - zvichemo zvechokwadi.

Makore 18 apfuura, zvichiri kukosha nhasi: huchenjeri husingagumi kubva kune ixbt forum 

Situation 4. Hapadiwe admin kumakore

Kutenda kwakajairika: sezvo paine makore, vatariri vehurongwa vari kufa, uye mabhizinesi madiki uye epakati haaadi zvachose, zvakakwana kuhaya VDS / VPS uye "kuisa zvivakwa mugore." Zvechokwadi, maonero aya anotsigirwa zvakasimba uye anogadzirwa nevapi. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri zvechokwadi, asi chete kusvika kutadza kwekutanga, dambudziko uye kudiwa kwekunzwisisa mapaneru uye kutaura nerutsigiro rwemupi wehunyanzvi.  

chisarudzo

Ratidza kune maneja nemaneja zvese zvinoshanda zvepaneru yekutonga, taura nezve zvinogoneka kutadza uye maitiro ekushanda nazvo, enda mune yakanyanya kujeka nuances. Kazhinji, musangano wakadaro wehofisi unopera nemutsara wakaneta: "Iwe uri admin, ndizvo zvaunoita."  

Mamiriro ezvinhu 5. An educated system administrator ndiye mumwe munhu system administrator

Software uye hardware vatengesi ndivo vane IT yenyika, inogara ichiburitsa zvigadziriso, kuendesa inotonhorera (uye kwete inotonhorera) zvigadzirwa zvebhizinesi, uye kupa kudzidziswa uye chitupa. Hazvigoneki kuti chero maneja wehurongwa achataura kuti hazvina kunaka kupihwa chitupa neCisco, Microsoft, ABBYY kana kunyange Huawei. Uye kana iwe ukaiwana pamutengo wekambani, izvo zvinowanzova zvakanaka; idyara muhunyanzvi hwemushandi. Vatungamiri vanowanzoramba kupiwa kwakadaro, vachitenda (zvakakodzera) kuti vachadzidzisa mushandi, uye achaenda kuhofisi huru ane unyanzvi hunovandudzwa. 

chisarudzo

Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu umo kubvumirana kunofanira kusvika, sezvo kudzidziswa kuri kunyanya kwauri, uye kambani inobhadhara mari. Sarudzo yakajairika: chibvumirano chenguva yebasa mushure mekudzidziswa (nechisungo chekudzorera mutsauko kana uchidzingwa) kana pakupedzwa kwakakwana kwebasa rebasa. Dzimwe nguva kudzidziswa kunobhadharwa nekudzidziswa kwakavimbiswa kune vamwe vatinoshanda navo (kunyangwe izvi zvichishanda kune IT certification kusvika padiki).

Kana iwe uchida kudzidziswa, unogona kuenda kune maneja iwe pachako, kana iwe unogona kuenda kuburikidza neHR. Chero zvazvingaitika, zvinodikanwa kuendesa kune maneja zano rekuti kutsvaga, kuhaya uye kugadzirisa nyanzvi kunodhurawo mari, uye zvinodiwa zvebasa zvinoda mutambi ane hunyanzvi. Vashandi vanokwanisa vanobudirira zvakanyanya, kubereka kunokanganisa kugadzirwa kwemutungamiriri, kugadzirwa kunokanganisa kugadzikana uye kuvimbika kwezvivakwa uye, pakupedzisira, purofiti.

Mamiriro ezvinhu 6. Uchatarisa piritsi rangu here? Zvakadini neiyo hard drive? Zvakadini nemotokari?

Maiwe (kana kuti rombo rakanaka), muRussia tsika yekambani uye kutaurirana inenge nguva dzose tsika yekubatsirana, kutaurirana kusina kurongwa uye mameseji emanzwiro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nekukurumidza kana gare gare maneja wehurongwa achaisa maoko ake palaptop, foni, piritsi, wachi kana kunyange mota yewaunoshanda naye. Uye dzimwe nguva zviri nyore "Uchatarisa here?" anoshanduka kuva maawa ekutambisa nguva yako pachako. Zvakanaka, kana mushandi, asi ipapo mabasa ebasa anogadziriswa munguva yemunhu. Zvakaoma kuramba, uye zvakatooma kutora mari. Kana maneja akakumbira, ingotora mweya uye uite. Mabasa akadaro anokura kunge bhora rechando, nekuti isina kunaka yekurudziro system inotanga kushanda :)

chisarudzo

Muzhinji, hongu, zviri nani kugamuchira mazwi emutambo uye kungova munhu uye kubatsira. Mangwana munhu achapedza nguva yake yega kuti akubatsire. Asi pane mamwe mazano.

• Kana usati wambobatikidzwa kare, ingogadzirira kutaura chimwe chinhu chakadai: "Damn, ini ndiri nyanzvi mune network uye magadzirirwo, handisati ndambobata nemidziyo yakadai - ndichaiparadza zvakare." Tokutsvagira service?"  
• Shandira mari kubva pakutanga - rega runyerekupe rupararire kuti Vasya anoita basa rakakura uye inodhura kupfuura masevhisi. 
• Ramba, uchitaura mabasa ebasa. Kana maneja akakumbira kubvunza nezvekukosha kwemabasa. Asi ipapo iwe uchazivikanwa semuboora, snob uye bureaucrat.

Kazhinji, mamiriro acho ane tsika; zvigadzirise munharaunda yako yetsika. Isu pachedu tinofara kubatsirana.

Situation 7. Old hardware nesoftware, anokara boss

Yemhando yepamusoro, yakatarisana neye server ye700, uye panguva imwechete yakajairika mumakambani madiki. Marezinesi ekare, akazara emahara mavhezheni ezvese, anotyisa Hardware, zero peripherals uye kutsiva stock - mamiriro aunoda kutsvaga nzira yekubuda nayo. Kunyanya nebhuku rebasa. Asi kana zvimwe zvikonzero (vaunoshanda navo, mamiriro, purojekiti, nguva yemahara, padyo nepamba, nezvimwewo) zvichikukurudzira kuti ugare mukambani, unofanirwa kuita zvine hungwaru.

chisarudzo

• Kana isu tiri kutaura nezve software inogadziridza, taura nemutengesi uye kumbira zvinhu nezve mabhenefiti eiyo vhezheni itsva, zvinotumirwa mahara. Zvichibva pazviri, unogona kugadzira nharo chaiyo yekutenga software yekuvandudza.
• Kana isu tichitaura nezve Hardware, pima kumhanya kwebasa uye kuverenga kuti vashandi vanokurumidza sei kushanda paPC nemaseva ane chibereko chepamusoro.
• Muchiitiko chemahara software kana, zvakanyanya, kubata, kusimbisa kusachengeteka kwemhinduro dzakadaro, kusagadzikana uye kushaya rutsigiro. Tsvaga mienzaniso yemamwe makambani (ayo ane akawanda paInternet).
• Ongororawo mutengo wenguva yekudzikira kana paine kutadza kwefoni, Indaneti, maPC evashandi, nezvimwe. uye tumira chikumbiro chekutsiva mari uye kukwidziridzwa kwemidziyo.

Kazhinji, mazano ese anouya kune imwechete kukurudzira: ngativerengei mabhenefiti. Nenzira, kugara uchivandudza zvinhu zvose zvakangoipa - kana iwe uchikahadzika kuti yakaipa sei, bvunza vagadziri vepurogiramu kuti zvinorevei kuchinja stack nekubudiswa kwega yega yega teknolojia uye mutauro wepurogiramu; akasangana nazvo haakanganwi.

Mamiriro ezvinhu 8. Nguva yekuzorora imhosva yako!

Iwe une yekukurumidzira kudzoreredza uye backup system, backups iri kurongeka, network yakagadziriswa, marezinesi uye SaaS software yekurojesa yekuvandudza iri muhurongwa hwakazara, asi kamwe kamwe mucheri anocheka tambo, nzvimbo yedata inoparara, DDoS inoitika, Google inodzima kushambadzira. (hongu, ndivo vanowanzopomera admin), iyo yekubhadhara system inodonha - uye ndizvozvo, nguva yekudzikira imhosva yako, mudikani system administrator. Hazvina maturo kuramba uye kuramba, mukuru akatsamwa, vashandi vari mukutya. 

Makore gumi nemasere apfuura, zvichiri kukosha nhasi: "anobatsira" matipi kubva kune ixbt forum 

Makore 15 apfuura vakataura uye vakataura nezvazvo, asi dambudziko riripo kupfuura zvinhu zvose zvipenyu

chisarudzo

Iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu apo kudzivirira ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivisa kukakavara nemutungamiriri wako.

• Chokwadi iva nema backups akazara uye kugona kudzoreredza njodzi. Kurasikirwa nedata hakuregerereki muzuva rino nezera; inodhura zvakanyanya asset.
• Kana zvichibvira, edza kuve wekutanga kudzidza nezve chero kukanganisa, uye kwete kubva kune vakatsamwa vaunoshanda navo uye manejimendi. Ronga chiziviso chekukurumidza chevashandi vekambani nezve kutadza - vanofanirwa kuve nechivimbo chakasimba chekuti kunyangwe paine dambudziko, riri pasi pekutonga.
• Tengesa maneja nezvekudiwa kwekubatanidza backup kana paine emergency - iyi yatove mhinduro kumatambudziko mazhinji.

Situation 9. Vanobvunza vamiriri vevatengesi sevavengi vevanhu admin

Kana maneja wako achangotanga kutsvaga software nyowani, chiziviso chichakandwa kwaari, uye iye achabata inodhura kwazvo "vamiriri vemusanganisi wemutengesi" vakadya imbwa mukutengesa uye vasina kugadzirira kuregedza vari vapenyu. uyo akauya nechido chokutanga. Uyezve, mudiki muiti wesarudzo ndiye technician, anowedzera kukweverwa mukutaurirana nevakomana ava. Uye zvino vatove pano, muimba yemusangano - vavhura mharidzo ine mavara uye vari kuturika noodles munzeve dzavo. Uye iwe, system administrator, gara uye unzwe kusuwa: hazvisi kuti unonzwira tsitsi mari yehofisi, asi iwe unofanirwa kuita uye kutsigira izvi, uye iwe unonyatsoziva kuti mune yakadaro software yakawanda inogadzirwa kuitira kuti iwe utenge kuvandudzwa. zvigadziriso, rutsigiro rwevatengi uye kubhadharira maneja wega. Uye chimwe chimedu chemuchina hachishande, nekuti hachikwane bhizinesi zvinodiwa. Uye "collars" inokwizwa uye yakakwizwa ...

chisarudzo

Kazhinji, software (uye hardware) vanopa mazano vanhu vakanyatsodzidziswa kutengesa uye havana ruzivo rwekushanda nemidziyo uye havanzwisisi kuti software inoshanda sei mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Vakabata nemusoro zvinyorwa zvavo uye madhairekitori, asi unogona kuisa sisitimu mumatanho maviri: bvunza mibvunzo yehunyanzvi. Hungu, ivo vachapindura nenzira yakarongwa maererano nenzira yakapiwa, asi zvichava pachena kuti vari “kuyangarara.” Basa rako nderekuvaunza kunyarara uye kuratidza unprofessionalism. 

Zvakanaka, udza maneja maitiro ekusarudza software/hardware/chero chinhu chehunyanzvi muchikamu chekambani: kuunganidza zvinodiwa → kuongororwa kwezvikumbiro → kutaurirana nevatengesi → demo → hurukuro yekuvandudza, shanduko, zvigadziriso → kuita → kudzidziswa → kushanda.

Situation 10. Handigoni kuti kwete  

Kutaura "kwete" kwakaoma zvikuru. Zvakaoma zvekuti muEurope, semuenzaniso, iyi ndeimwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa masevhisi evakazvimirira vepfungwa. Pane zvakawanda zvekubvunza uye zvikumbiro, asi une nguva shoma uye zviwanikwa, kunyangwe zvebasa nyaya. Uye nekuramba kwega kwega, kutenderera kunotanga zvakare: kunyunyuta kune maneja, kutuka, kukakavara, basa rakavharwa nekukurumidza. Nokudaro kutya kuramba. Uye vamwe vashandi (uye izvi zvinoshanda kwete chete kune vatariri vehurongwa) vanozviisa munzvimbo yekurarama pasina "kwete" nekuda kwezvinangwa - zvinoita sekunge chikumbiro chimwe chisina kuzadzikiswa, uye ndizvozvo, zvinangwa zvadonha, hapasisina basa. Asi kugara uchiita zvese zvinokundikana zvichakurumidza kana kuti gare gare kukundikana - zvakanyanya kutyisa kupfuura kugona kugovera kwemabasa uye kuramba kwemamwe mabasa nekukurudzira. Neiyi, semuenzaniso :)

  

chisarudzo

• Fungidzira: ziva dziva rako remitoro nemikana pamberi.
• Pane nguva yezvose: chengeta karenda kana kuti-zvekuita kuronga iwe pachako kuti uyeuke kuti nguva inguva inogumira, uye hazvibviri kuva nenguva yekuita zvachose zvose. 
• Delegate: Usatya kuhaya mubatsiri kana kugovera mabasa kune vaunoshanda navo. Kwete, iwe hausi kuzodzingwa, iyi injodzi uye isina maturo kunyengera uye mhedzisiro yekushayikwa kwekuzvivimba uye nehunyanzvi. Zvisiire mabasa akaoma aunogona kuita iwe chete - uye uite padanho rakanaka. Pachave pasina mutengo kwauri!
• Isa mini sticker ine izwi rekuti "kwete" paPC yako. Uye tanga kukurukura rinotevera "rakadonha" basa nemashoko okuti "Ndinoda kuona kana hwindo rangu ravepo, parizvino ndakabatikana ne [zita rebasa razvino rakakosha]."    

Asi kazhinji, dzimwe nguva mutsara wemashiripiti unobatsira zvakanyanya ndewekuti: "Usamhanye kutevedzera mirairo, nekuti ichapihwa kuraira kuidzima" :) 

Munhu wese anotsva. Vatungamiri vakatsamwira munhu wese. Munhu wose anoda kuenda kuzororo. Kazhinji, munhu wose munhu. Kazhinji hazvigoneke kutaurirana nemaneja, asi zvinogara zviri mumaoko ako kuchengetedza chiremerera chako chehunyanzvi uye kuratidza zvauri kukosha pasina kukanda zvirevo patafura. Iko kukwanisa kuuya kuchibvumirano, kudzivirira maonero uye panguva imwechete kuremekedza zvido zvekambani zvakare unyanzvi hunozotungamirira iwe kuremekedza uye kukura kwebasa. Corporate diplomacy ndiwo mashiripiti enyanzvi chaidzo. 

Tiri kuzivisa kusimudzirwa kwevatengi ZEDline Tsigiro kubva Nyamavhuvhu 1 kusvika Gunyana 30, 2019: pakubhadhara kwekutanga kuaccount yako, 150% yemari yakabhadharwa inozoverengerwa kumari yako. Kuti ugamuchire bhonasi, unofanirwa kuratidza kodhi yekushambadzira "Tanga" nenzira inotevera: "Kubhadhara kweZEDline Tsigiro sevhisi (yekusimudzira kodhi <Kutanga>)" Avo. pakubhadhara kwe1000 rubles. 1500 rubles ichaverengerwa kune yako chiyero, iyo iwe yaunogona kushandisa kumisa chero masevhisi ebasa.

Source: www.habr.com