Mhoro vaunoshanda navo!
Π Mune izvo zvinyorwa, takajairana neiyo inobatsira uye, sezvauri kuona, inodiwa chinhu cheVoIP zvivakwa, senge traffic yekutarisa system kana, kwenguva pfupi, SMT. Takaona kuti chii, matambudziko api ainogadzirisa, uye zvakare takaona vamiriri vane mukurumbira vakaunzwa nevagadziri kuIT world. Muchikamu chino, isu tichatarisa misimboti maererano neiyo SMT inoshandiswa muIT zvivakwa uye VoIP traffic yekutarisa inoitwa uchishandisa nzira dzayo.
Architecture yeVoIP traffic yekutarisa masisitimu
Takavaka nekuvaka uye pakupedzisira kuvaka. Hooray!
Kubva pane katuni "Cheburashka uye Crocodile Gena."
Sezvambotaurwa, kune zvigadzirwa zvakakwana muindasitiri yekutaurirana uye yekufonera inowira muchikamu chinoenderana. Nekudaro, kana tikabvisa kubva pazita, mugadziri, chikuva, nezvimwe, tinogona kuona kuti ese akanyanya kana mashoma akafanana maererano nemavakirwo avo (angangoita ayo aifanirwa kubata nemunyori). Izvo zvakakosha kuti tizive kuti izvi zvinokonzeresa nekusave nyore kwedzimwe nzira dzekutora traffic kubva kunetiweki zvinhu kune yayo inotevera yakadzama ongororo. Uyezve, iyo yekupedzisira, mumaonero ekufunga, inotemerwa zvakanyanya nekuvandudzwa kwazvino kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri yezvidzidzo. Kuti uwane kunzwisisa kwakajeka, funga nezvekuenzanisa kunotevera.
Kubva panguva iyo musayendisiti mukuru weRussia Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kotelnikov akagadzira sampling theorem, vanhu vakawana mukana wakakura wekuita analog-to-digital uye digital-to-analog shanduko yezviratidzo zvekutaura, nekuda kwatinogona kushandisa zvizere rudzi rwakanaka kudaro. yekukurukurirana seIP telephony. Kana iwe ukatarisa kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa masaini ekutaura (aka algorithms, macodecs, encoding nzira, nezvimwewo), unogona kuona kuti DSP (digital signal processing) yakatora nhanho yakakosha mukukodha mameseji eruzivo - kuita kugona kufanotaura. chiratidzo chekutaura. Kureva kuti, pachinzvimbo chekungoita digitizing uye kushandisa a- uye u-mitemo yekumanikidza (G.711A/G.711U), zvino zvave kugoneka kutumira chikamu chete chemasampuli uye wodzoreredza meseji yese kubva kwavari, iyo inoponesa zvakanyanya. bandwidth. Kudzokera kumusoro weMMT, tinoona kuti parizvino hapana shanduko yemhando yakafanana munzira yekutora traffic, kunze kweimwe kana imwe mhando yegirazi.
Ngatitendeukei kumufananidzo uri pazasi, unoratidza izvo zvakavakwa nenyanzvi munzvimbo dzakakodzera dzezvidzidzo.
Mufananidzo 1. General diagram ye SMT architecture.
Inenge chero SMT ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: sevha uye traffic capture agents (kana probes). Sevha inogamuchira, inogadzirisa uye inochengetedza VoIP traffic inouya kubva kune vamiririri, uye zvakare inopa nyanzvi nekugona kushanda neruzivo rwakagamuchirwa mumaonero akasiyana (magirafu, dhayagiramu, Call Flow, nezvimwewo). Capture vamiririri vanogashira VoIP traffic kubva kunetiweki core equipment (semuenzaniso, SBC, softswitch, gateways, ..), ishandure kuita fomati inoshandiswa muapplication system server software, uye yoiendesa kune yekupedzisira kune inotevera manipulations.
Sezvakangoita mumhanzi, vanyori vanogadzira misiyano pamimhanzi mikuru yemabasa, saka mune iyi kesi, sarudzo dzakasiyana dzekuita chirongwa chiri pamusoro zvinogoneka. Kusiyana kwavo kwakakura uye kunonyanya kutariswa nehunhu hwezvivakwa umo MMT inoiswa. Sarudzo yakajairika ndeye iyo isina maajenti ekutora akaiswa kana kugadziridzwa. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo traffic yakaongororwa inotumirwa zvakananga kune sevha kana, semuenzaniso, sevha inogamuchira ruzivo rwakakosha kubva pcap mafaera anogadzirwa nekutarisa zvinhu. Iyi nzira yekuendesa inowanzosarudzwa kana zvisingakwanisi kuisa probes. Nzvimbo yemidziyo iri pasaiti, kushomeka kwezvishandiso zvekushandisa virtualization, zvikanganiso musangano rekutakura IP network uye, semhedzisiro, matambudziko netiweki yekubatanidza, nezvimwe, zvese izvi zvingava chikonzero chekusarudza zvakacherechedzwa. sarudzo yekuronga kutarisa.
Tadzidza uye tanzwisisa kuti izvi kana kuti SMT inogona kuitwa sei muIT zvivakwa kubva pakuona kwekuvaka, isu tichazotarisa zvinhu zviri mukati mehunyanzvi hwevatariri vehurongwa, zvinoti, nzira dzekutumira system software pamaseva.
Panguva yekugadzirira sarudzo pamusoro pekushandiswa kwechikamu chekutarisa network chiri kutariswa, vashandi vanogara vaine mibvunzo yakawanda. Semuyenzaniso, chii chinofanira kunge chiri kuumbwa kweiyo server hardware, yakakwana here kuisa ese masystem esystem pane imwe host kana kuti anofanira kuparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, sei kuisa software, nezvimwe. Mibvunzo yakanyorwa pamusoro, pamwe nemimwe mibvunzo yakawanda ine hukama, yakakura kwazvo, uye mhinduro dzemizhinji yacho dzinoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda chaiwo (kana dhizaini). Nekudaro, isu tichaedza kupfupisa izvo chaizvo kuitira kuti tiwane pfungwa yakajairwa uye kunzwisisa kweichi chikamu cheiyo CMT kutumirwa.
Saka, chinhu chekutanga icho nyanzvi dzinogara dzichifarira pakuita SMT ndeapi maitiro ekuita iyo sevha inofanira kushandiswa nawo? Tichifunga nezvekushandiswa kwakapararira kwemahara software, mubvunzo uyu unobvunzwa kakawanda zvekuti kufarirwa kwayo kungangofananidzwa nemubvunzo wekuti "Ndingaitei?" Yakabvunzwa naNikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky ... Chinhu chikuru chinokonzera mhinduro nhamba ye midhiya masesheni anogadziriswa kana kuti achagadziriswa nenharembozha. Chimiro chenhamba uye chinobatika chinopa ongororo chaiyo yechinhu chakacherechedzwa ndiyo CAPS (Call Attempts Per Second) parameter kana nhamba yekufona pasekondi. Iko kudikanwa kwekupindura mubvunzo uyu kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuti iruzivo nezvesesheni inotumirwa kune sisitimu inozogadzira mutoro paserver yayo.
Nyaya yechipiri inomuka pakusarudza maitiro ezvigadziro zvevhavha yevhavha ndeyekuumbwa kwepurogiramu (nzvimbo dzekushanda, databases, nezvimwewo) iyo ichashanda pairi. Chiratidzo (kana midhiya) traffic inosvika kune sevha, iyo inogadziriswa (masaini mameseji anopatsanurwa) neimwe application (semuenzaniso, Kamailio), uyezve ruzivo rwunogadzirwa neimwe nzira rwunoiswa mudhatabhesi. Kune akasiyana CMTs, ese maapplication anosvibisa masaini mayuniti uye maapplication anopa kuchengetedza anogona kunge akasiyana. Nekudaro, iwo ese akabatanidzwa nechimiro chakafanana chekuverengera akawanda. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwezvimiro zvechinhu chakadai seSMT, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa panguva ino kuti nhamba yekunyora mashandiro kudhisiki inodarika zvakanyanya nhamba yekuverenga mashandiro kubva mairi.
Uye pakupedzisira ... "Pane zvakawanda muzwi iri": sevha, virtualization, containerization ... Chekupedzisira, asi chinonyanya kukosha chinobatwa muchikamu chino chechinyorwa inzira dzinogoneka dzekuisa zvikamu zveMMT panguva yekuiswa kwayo. Yakarongwa pedyo nekokotesheni inobva mubhuku risingafi raA.S. Pushkin tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune akasiyana masisitimu nemapurojekiti. Kune rumwe rutivi, ivo vakanyatsobatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe, uye kune rumwe rutivi, ivo vanosiyana zvinoshamisa mune dzakawanda maitiro. Nekudaro, ese, mune imwe fomu kana imwe, anoratidzwa nevagadziri seanowanikwa sarudzo dzekuisa zvigadzirwa zvavo. Tichipfupikisa masisitimu akanyorwa muchikamu chekutanga chechinyorwa, tinocherekedza nzira dzinotevera dzekudziisa pane sevha yemuviri kana muchina chaiwo:
-Kushandisa otomatiki yekumisikidza zvinyorwa kana kuzvimisikidza uye nekuzotevera kumisikidzwa kweinoenderana software,
-Kushandisa mufananidzo wakagadzirwa-wakagadzirwa OS ine pre-yakaiswa SMT software uye/kana mumiririri,
-Kushandisa tekinoroji yekuisa midziyo (Docker).
Iwo akanyorwa ekuisa maturusi ane zvakanakira nekuipira, uye nyanzvi dzine zvavanoda, zvipimo uye mamiriro chaiwo umo zvivakwa zvavanoshanda kana kuita zvirimo kuti vataure chero kurudziro. Kune rimwe divi, tsananguro yakapihwa yenzira dzekuisa SIP traffic yekutarisa masisitimu iri pachena, uye padanho razvino haidi kutarisisa kwakadzama.
Ichi chimwe chinyorwa chakapihwa chinhu chakakosha uye chinonakidza cheVoIP network - iyo SIP traffic yekutarisa system. Senguva dzose, ndinotenda vaverengi nokuda kwekucherechedza kwavo kune chinyorwa ichi! Muchikamu chinotevera tichaedza kuenda zvakadzika mune izvo chaizvo uye titarise HOMER SIP Capture uye SIP3 zvigadzirwa.
Source: www.habr.com