Mamiriro eDevOps muRussia 2020

Nzira yekunzwisisa sei mamiriro echinhu?

Iwe unogona kuvimba nemafungiro ako, akaumbwa kubva kwakasiyana-siyana ruzivo, semuenzaniso, zvinyorwa pawebhusaiti kana ruzivo. Unogona kubvunza vaunoshanda navo, vanozivana. Imwe sarudzo ndeyekutarisa misoro yemisangano: komiti yepurogiramu vamiriri vanoshingaira veindastiri, saka tinovimba navo pakusarudza nyaya dzakakodzera. Imwe nzvimbo yakaparadzana ndeyekutsvagisa uye mishumo. Asi pane dambudziko. Tsvagiridzo yemamiriro eDevOps inoitwa gore negore munyika, mishumo inoburitswa nemakambani ekunze, uye panenge pasina ruzivo nezveRussia DevOps.

Asi zuva rasvika apo chidzidzo chakadaro chakaitwa, uye nhasi tichataura pamusoro pemigumisiro. Mamiriro eDevOps muRussia akadzidzwa pamwe chete nemakambani "Express 42"Uye"Ontico". Express 42 inobatsira makambani etekinoroji kuita uye kugadzira DevOps maitiro uye maturusi uye yaive imwe yekutanga kutaura nezveDevOps muRussia. Vanyori vekudzidza, Igor Kurochkin naVitaly Khabarov, vari kushanda mukuongorora uye kubvunzurudza pa Express 42, apo vane ruzivo rwehutano kubva pakushanda uye ruzivo mumakambani akasiyana. Kwemakore masere, vashandi vakatarisa akawanda emakambani nemapurojekiti - kubva kutanga kusvika kumabhizinesi - ane matambudziko akasiyana, pamwe nekusiyana kwetsika uye engineering kukura.

Mumushumo wavo, Igor naVitaly vakaudza matambudziko aive mukutsvaga, magadzirisiro avakaita, pamwe nemabatirwo anoitwa tsvakiridzo yeDevOps musimboti uye nei Express 42 yakasarudza kuita yayo. Chirevo chavo chinogona kutariswa pano.

DevOps Research

Kukurukurirana kwakatangwa naIgor Kurochkin.

Isu tinogara tichibvunza vateereri kumusangano weDevOps, "Wakaverenga here DevOps chimiro chegore rino?" Vashoma vanosimudza maoko avo, uye fundo yedu yakaratidza kuti munhu wechitatu bedzi anovafunda. Kana usati wamboona mishumo yakadaro, ngatitii pakarepo kuti dzose dzakafanana zvikuru. Kazhinji pane mitsara yakadai se: "Kuenzaniswa negore rapfuura ..."

Pano tine dambudziko rekutanga, uye shure kwaro mamwe maviri:

1. Hatina data regore rapfuura. Mamiriro eDevOps muRussia haana hanya nemunhu;
2. Methodology. Hazvisi pachena kuti ungaedza sei kufungidzira, maitiro ekuvaka mibvunzo, maitiro ekuongorora, kuenzanisa mhinduro, kuwana hukama;
3. Terminology. Mishumo yese iri muChirungu, kududzira kunodiwa, yakajairwa DevOps framework haisati yagadzirwa uye munhu wese anouya neake.

Ngatitarisei kuti DevOps ongororo yenyika yakaitwa sei pasirese.

Historical Background

Tsvagiridzo yeDevOps yakaitwa kubvira 2011. Puppet, mugadziri wemagadzirirwo ekugadzirisa masisitimu, ndiye akatanga kuvaitisa. Panguva iyoyo, yaive imwe yezvishandiso zvikuru zvekutsanangura zvivakwa nenzira yekodhi. Kusvika 2013, zvidzidzo izvi zvaingovharwa ongororo uye pasina mishumo yeruzhinji.

Muna 2013, IT Revolution yakaonekwa, mubudisi wemabhuku ese makuru paDevOps. Pamwe chete naPuppet, vakagadzirira yekutanga State of DevOps kudhindwa, uko mana makiyi metric akaoneka kekutanga. Gore rakatevera, ThoughtWorks, femu yekubvunza inozivikanwa neayo enguva dzose tekinoroji radar pane indasitiri maitiro uye maturusi, yakapinda. Uye muna 4, chikamu chine methodology chakawedzerwa, uye zvakava pachena maitiro avanoita ongororo.

Muna 2016, vanyori vekudzidza, vakagadzira yavo kambani DORA (DevOps Research and Assessment), yakaburitsa chirevo chegore. Gore rakatevera, DORA naPuppet vakaburitsa rondedzero yavo yekupedzisira yakabatana.

Uye ipapo chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chakatanga:

Muna 2018, makambani akapatsanuka uye mishumo miviri yakazvimirira yakaburitswa: imwe kubva kuPuppet, yechipiri kubva kuDORA pamwe neGoogle. DORA yakaramba ichikwidziridza nzira yayo nemakiyi metrics, mafaera ekuita, uye mainjiniya maitiro anokanganisa akakosha metric uye nekambani-yakawanda kuita. Uye Puppet yakapa yayo nzira ine tsananguro yemaitiro uye shanduko yeDevOps. Asi iyo nyaya haina kudzika midzi, muna 2019 Puppet akasiya nzira iyi uye akaburitsa vhezheni nyowani yemishumo, iyo yakaratidza maitiro akakosha uye mabatiro avanoita DevOps kubva pamaonero avo. Zvino chimwe chiitiko chakaitika: Google yakatenga DORA, uye pamwe chete vakaburitsa imwe chirevo. Unogona kunge wakamuona.

Gore rino zvinhu zvakawoma. Puppet inozivikanwa kuti yakatanga ongororo yayo. Vakazviita vhiki yapfuura kupfuura isu, uye yakatopera. Takatora chikamu mariri uye takatarisa kuti ndedzipi nyaya dzavanofarira. Iye zvino Puppet iri kuita ongororo yayo uye kugadzirira kuburitsa chirevo.

Asi hapasati paine chiziviso kubva kuDORA neGoogle. Muna May, apo ongororo yaiwanzotanga, mashoko akasvika okuti Nicole Forsgren, mumwe wevatangi veDORA, akanga atamira kune imwe kambani. Naizvozvo, takafungidzira kuti hapazove nekutsvagisa uye kushuma kubva kuDORA gore rino.

Zvinhu zvakamira sei muRussia?

Hatisati taita tsvakiridzo yeDevOps. Takataura pamisangano, tichirondedzera zvakawanikwa nevamwe vanhu, uye Raiffeisenbank yakadudzira "State of DevOps" ye2019 (unogona kuwana chiziviso chavo paHabré), tinotenda zvikuru kwavari. Uye ndizvo zvose.

Naizvozvo, takaita tsvakiridzo yedu muRussia tichishandisa nzira dzeDORA nezvakawanikwa. Takashandisa rondedzero yevatinoshanda navo kubva kuRaiffeisenbank kutsvagurudzo yedu, kusanganisira kuwiriranisa mazwi neshanduro. Uye mibvunzo ine chekuita neindasitiri yakatorwa kubva kuDORA mishumo uye yegore rino Puppet questionnaire.

Nzira yekutsvakurudza

Chirevo chinongova chikamu chekupedzisira. Yese nzira yekutsvagisa ine matanho makuru mana:

Munguva yekugadzirira, takabvunzurudza nyanzvi dzeindasitiri uye takagadzira runyoro rwekufungidzira. Pahwaro hwavo, mibvunzo yakaunganidzwa uye ongororo yakatangwa muna Nyamavhuvhu wese. Ipapo takaongorora uye kugadzirira mushumo wacho pachako. KuDORA, izvi zvinotora mwedzi mitanhatu. Takasangana mukati memwedzi mitatu, uye ikozvino tinonzwisisa kuti isu takanga tisina nguva yakakwana: chete nekuita ongororo iwe unonzwisisa kuti ndeipi mibvunzo yaunoda kubvunza.

Nhengo

Mishumo yese yekune dzimwe nyika inotanga nemufananidzo wevatori vechikamu, uye vazhinji vavo havasi vekuRussia. Nhamba yevaRussia vakapindura inoshanduka kubva pa5 kusvika ku1% gore negore, uye izvi hazvibvumi kuti chero mhedziso dziitwe.

Mepu kubva kuAccelerate State of DevOps 2019 chirevo:

Muchidzidzo chedu, takakwanisa kubvunzurudza vanhu 889 - izvi zvakawandisa (DORA sarudzo dzinenge chiuru chevanhu pagore mumishumo yayo) uye pano tazadzisa chinangwa:

Ichokwadi, havasi vese vatori vechikamu vedu vakazosvika kumagumo: chikamu chekupedzisa chakave chiri pasi pehafu. Asi kunyangwe izvi zvaive zvakakwana kuwana mumiriri wemuenzaniso uye kuita ongororo. DORA haiburitse kuzadza muzana mumishumo yayo, saka hapana kuenzanisa pano.

Maindasitiri nezvinzvimbo

Vatipindura vanomiririra maindasitiri gumi nemaviri. Hafu yebasa muruzivo rwemichina. Izvi zvinoteverwa nemabasa emari, kutengeserana, kufambiswa kwemashoko nezvimwe. Pakati pezvinzvimbo pane nyanzvi (mugadziri, tester, oparesheni injiniya) uye manejimendi vashandi (vakuru vezvikwata, mapoka, nzvimbo, vatungamiriri):

Mumwe muvaviri anoshandira kambani iri pakati nepakati. Wese wechitatu munhu anoshanda mumakambani makuru. Vazhinji vanoshanda muzvikwata zvinosvika vanhu 9. Takaparadzana, takabvunza pamusoro pezviitwa zvikuru, uye mazhinji acho ane hukama neimwe nzira, uye anenge 40% ari kuita budiriro:

Saka isu takaunganidza ruzivo rwekuenzanisa uye kuongororwa kwevamiriri veakasiyana maindasitiri, makambani, zvikwata. Wandaishanda naye Vitaly Khabarov achataura nezve kuongororwa.

Kuongorora uye kuenzanisa

Vitaly Khabarov: Tinotenda zvikuru kune vese vatori vechikamu vakapedza ongororo yedu, vakazadza mibvunzo uye vakatipa data rekuwedzera kuongororwa uye kuongororwa kwekufungidzira kwedu. Uye nekutenda kune vatengi vedu uye vatengi, isu tine hupfumi hweruzivo rwakabatsira kuona zvinonetsa muindasitiri uye kugadzira fungidziro dzatakaedza mukutsvaga kwedu.

Zvinosuruvarisa, haugoni kungotora rondedzero yemibvunzo kune rumwe rutivi uye data kune rumwe rutivi, neimwe nzira uchienzanisa, iti: "Hongu, zvinhu zvose zvinoshanda saizvozvo, takanga takarurama" uye kupararira. Aiwa, tinoda nzira uye nzira dzechiverengero kuti tive nechokwadi chokuti hatina kukanganisa uye mhedziso dzedu dzakavimbika. Ipapo tinogona kuvaka rimwe basa redu zvichibva pane idzi data:

Key Metrics

Isu takatora nzira yeDORA sehwaro, iyo yavakatsanangura zvakadzama mubhuku "Accelerate State of DevOps". Isu takatarisa kana makiyi metrics akakodzera kumusika weRussia, angave achigona kushandiswa nenzira imwechete iyo DORA inoshandisa kupindura mubvunzo: "Indasitiri muRussia inoenderana sei neindasitiri yekunze?"

Makiyi metrics:

1. Deployment frequency. Kangani iyo vhezheni nyowani yekushandisa inoiswa kunzvimbo yekugadzira (yakarongwa shanduko, kusasanganisa hotfixes uye mhinduro yechiitiko)?
2. Delivery nguva. Ndeipi avhareji yenguva pakati pekuita shanduko (kunyora kushanda sekodhi) uye kutumira shanduko kunzvimbo yekugadzira?
3. Nguva yekudzorera. Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei paavhareji kudzoreredza application kunzvimbo yekugadzira mushure mechiitiko, kuderedzwa kwesevhisi, kana kuwanikwa kwebug inobata vashandisi vekushandisa?
4. Shanduko dzisina kubudirira. Ndeipi muzana yekutumirwa munzvimbo yekugadzira inotungamira mukuderedzwa kwekushandisa kana zviitiko uye inoda kugadziriswa (kudzoreredza shanduko, kuvandudza hotfix kana chigamba)?

DORA mukutsvagisa kwayo yakawana hukama pakati peaya metrics nekuita kwesangano. Isu tinozviedzawo muchidzidzo chedu.

Asi kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mana akakosha metrics anogona kukanganisa chimwe chinhu, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa - iwo neimwe nzira ane hukama kune mumwe nemumwe? DORA yakapindura mukusimbisa neimwe caveat: hukama pakati pekuchinja kusina kubudirira (Shandura Kukundikana Kwehuwandu) uye mamwe matatu metrics ishoma zvishoma. Tine mufananidzo mumwe chete. Kana nguva yekuendesa, nguva yekuendesa, uye nguva yekudzorera inoenderana nemumwe (takasimbisa kuwirirana uku kuburikidza nePearson correlation uye kuburikidza neChaddock scale), saka hapana kuwirirana kwakasimba kwakadaro nekuchinja kusina kubudirira.

Muchidimbu, vazhinji vevakapindura vanowanzopindura kuti vane nhamba shoma yezviitiko mukugadzirwa. Kunyangwe tichaona gare gare kuti kuchine musiyano mukuru pakati pemapoka evakapindura maererano neshanduko dzisina kubudirira, isu hatigone kushandisa metric iyi pachikamu ichi.

Isu tinopa izvi kune chokwadi chekuti (sezvazvakazoitika panguva yekuongorora uye kutaurirana nevamwe vevatengi vedu) pane mutsauko mudiki mumaonero ezvinonzi chiitiko. Kana isu takakwanisa kudzoreredza kuita kwesevhisi yedu panguva yehunyanzvi hwindo, izvi zvinogona kutorwa sechiitiko? Pamwe kwete, nekuti takagadzirisa zvese, isu tiri vakuru. Tinogona kuzviona sechiitiko kana taifanira kudzoreredza chikumbiro chedu kanokwana kagumi mune yakajairika, yakajairika modhi kwatiri? Zvinoita sezvisingaiti. Naizvozvo, mubvunzo wehukama hwekuchinja kusina kubudirira nemamwe ma metrics unoramba wakavhurika. Tichawedzera kunatsa.

Chakakosha apa ndechekuti takawana kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati penguva dzekutumira, nguva dzekudzoreredza, uye frequency yekuendesa. Naizvozvo, takatora aya matatu metrics kuti tienderere mberi nekupatsanura vakapindura kuita mapoka ekuita.

Yakawanda sei kuyera mumagiramu?

Takashandisa hierarchical cluster analysis:

• Isu tinogovera vanopindura pane n-dimensional nzvimbo, uko kurongeka kweumwe neumwe anopindura mhinduro dzavo kumibvunzo.
• Mumwe nomumwe anopindura anonzi boka duku.
• Isu tinobatanidza masumbu maviri ari pedyo kune mumwe kune rimwe boka guru.
• Isu tinowana maviri anotevera emasumbu uye toabatanidza kuita sumbu rakakura.

Aya ndiwo marongero atinoita vese vatinopindura muhuwandu hwemasumbu atinoda. Nekubatsirwa kwedendrogram (muti wekubatanidza pakati pemasumbu), tinoona kureba pakati pemasumbu maviri akavakidzana. Chasara kwatiri kuisa muganhu pakati pemasumbu aya toti: “Mapoka maviri aya anonyatso patsanurika kubva kune rimwe nerimwe nekuti nhambwe iri pakati pawo ihombe.

Asi pane dambudziko rakavanzika pano: isu hatina zvirambidzo pahuwandu hwemasumbu - tinogona kuwana 2, 3, 4, 10 masumbu. Uye pfungwa yekutanga yaive - wadii kugovera vese vatipindura mumapoka mana, sezvinoita DORA. Asi takaona kuti misiyano iri pakati pemapoka aya inova isingakoshi, uye hatigoni kuva nechokwadi chokuti mumhan’ari ndeweboka rake zvechokwadi, uye kwete wevavakidzani. Hatigone kugovera musika weRussia mumapoka mana. Naizvozvo, takagara pamaprofayiri matatu pakati paine musiyano wakakosha wenhamba:

Tevere, isu takasarudza chimiro nemasumbu: isu takatora iyo yepakati kune yega metric yeboka rega rega uye takagadzira tafura yemaprofile ekuita. Muchokwadi, isu takawana maitiro ekuita kweavhareji vatori vechikamu muboka rega rega. Takaona maprofile matatu anoshanda: Yakaderera, Pakati, Yakakwirira:

Pano takasimbisa fungidziro yedu yekuti 4 kiyi metrics akakodzera kuona maitiro ekuita, uye anoshanda ese ari maviri mumisika yekuMadokero neRussia. Pane mutsauko pakati pemapoka uye zvakakosha pahuwandu. Ndinosimbisa kuti pane musiyano mukuru pakati pemaitiro ekushanda maererano nemetric yekuchinja kusina kubudirira maererano nevhareji, kunyange zvazvo isu tisina kutanga kupatsanura vakapindura neparameter iyi.

Ipapo mubvunzo unomuka: sei kushandisa zvose izvi?

Nzira yekushandisa sei

Kana tikatora chero timu, 4 kiyi metrics toishandisa patafura, saka mu85% yezviitiko isu hatizowana mutambo wakakwana - uyu angori muvhareji wekutora chikamu, uye kwete izvo zviri muchokwadi. Isu tese (uye timu yese) takasiyana zvishoma.

Takatarisa: takatora vakapindura uye iyo DORA performance profile, uye takatarisa kuti vangani vakapindura vanokodzera izvi kana iyo mbiri. Takaona kuti chete 16% yevakapindura vakawira mune imwe yemaprofiles. Mamwe ese akapararira pane imwe nzvimbo pakati:

Izvi zvinoreva kuti chimiro chekushanda chine chiyero chidiki. Kuti unzwisise kuti uri papi pakufungidzira kwekutanga, unogona kushandisa tafura iyi: "Ah, zvinoita sekunge tave pedyo neMedium kana High!" Kana iwe uchinzwisisa kwekuenda kunotevera, izvi zvinogona kunge zvakakwana. Asi kana chinangwa chako chiri chenguva dzose, kuvandudza kunoramba kuripo, uye iwe uchida kuziva zvakanyanya kuti ungagadzira kupi uye zvekuita, ipapo imwe mari inodiwa. Takavadaidza kuti macalculator:

• DORA Calculator
• Calculator Express 42* (mukuvandudzwa)
• Kuvandudza wega (iwe unogona kugadzira yako yemukati Calculator).

Vanodiwa chii? Kunzwisisa:

• Chikwata chiri mukati mesangano redu chiri kuenderana nezviyero zvedu here?
• Kana zvisina kudaro, tingazvibatsira here, nekuchimbidza mukati megadziriro yehunyanzvi iyo kambani yedu inayo?
• Kana zvakadaro, tingatoita zviri nani here?

Iwe unogona zvakare kuvashandisa kuunganidza manhamba mukati mekambani:

• Tine zvikwata zvipi?
• Kamura zvikwata kuita profiles;
• Ona: Ah, iyi mirairo haina kuita zvishoma (haisi kuburitsa zvishoma), asi iyi inotonhorera: inotumira zuva rega rega, pasina zvikanganiso, ine nguva yekutungamira isingasviki awa.

Uye ipapo iwe unogona kuona kuti mukati mekambani yedu mune inodiwa hunyanzvi uye maturusi kune izvo zvikwata zvisati zvasvika par.

Kana, kana iwe uchinzwisisa kuti unonzwa wakakura mukati mekambani, iwe uri nani kupfuura vazhinji, saka unogona kutarisa zvishoma. Iyi ingori indasitiri yeRussia: tinogona kuwana hunyanzvi hunodiwa muindasitiri yeRussia kuitira kuti tikurumidze isu pachedu? Iyo Express 42 Calculator ichabatsira pano (iri pasi pekuvandudzwa). Kana iwe wakabuda kunze kwemusika weRussia, zvino tarisa DORA Calculator uye kumusika wenyika.

Fine. Uye kana iwe uri muboka reElit paDORA Calculator, chii chaunofanira kuita? Hapana mhinduro yakanaka pano. Iwe unonyanya kuve uri kumberi kweindastiri, uye kuwedzera kukurumidza uye kuvimbika kunogoneka kuburikidza nemukati R&D uye kushandisa zvimwe zviwanikwa.

Ngatienderere mberi kune inotapira - kuenzanisa.

Kuenzanisa

Pakutanga taida kuenzanisa indasitiri yeRussia neindasitiri yekuMadokero. Kana tikaenzanisa zvakananga, tinoona kuti isu tine mashoma maprofiles, uye iwo akanyanya kusanganiswa kune mumwe nemumwe, miganhu yakawedzera kudzima:

Vatambi vedu veElite vakavanzwa pakati peVatambi vePamusoro, asi varipo - ava ndivo vepamusoro, unicorns vasvika pakakwirira. MuRussia, mutsauko uripo pakati peiyo Elite mbiri neiyo High profile haisati yave yakakosha zvakakwana. Isu tinofunga kuti mune ramangwana kupatsanurwa uku kuchaitika nekuda kwekuwedzera kweinjiniya tsika, kunaka kwekuita kweinjiniya maitiro uye hunyanzvi mukati memakambani.

Kana tikaenderera mberi nekuenzanisa zvakananga mukati memhizha yeRussia, tinogona kuona kuti High profile zvikwata zviri nani mune zvose. Isu takasimbisawo fungidziro yedu yekuti pane hukama pakati peaya metrics nekuita kwesangano: Zvikwata zvepamusoro zvine mukana wekusangoita zvinangwa chete, asiwo kuzvipfuura.
Ngative zvikwata zvepamusoro uye tisagumire ipapo:

Asi gore rino rakakosha, uye takafunga kutarisa kuti makambani ari kuita sei mudenda: Zvikwata zvepamusoro zviri kuita zvirinani uye kunzwa zviri nani pane avhareji yeindasitiri:

• 1,5-2 nguva zvakanyanya mukana wekuburitsa zvigadzirwa zvitsva,
• 2 nguva zvakanyanya mukana wekuvandudza kuvimbika uye / kana kuita kweiyo application infrastructure.

Ndiko kuti, hunyanzvi hwavakange vatovabatsira kukurumidza, kutanga zvigadzirwa, kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zviripo, nekudaro vachikunda misika mitsva nevashandisi vatsva:

Chii chimwe chakabatsira zvikwata zvedu?

Injiniya maitiro

Ini ndichakuudza nezve zvakakosha zvakawanikwa pane yega yega tsika yatakaedza. Zvimwe chimwe chinhu chakabatsira zvikwata, asi isu tiri kutaura nezve DevOps. Uye mukati meDevOps, tinoona mutsauko pakati pezvikwata zveakasiyana maprofile.

Platform seSevhisi

Hatina kuwana hukama hwakakosha pakati pezera repuratifomu uye chimiro chechikwata: Mapuratifomu akaonekwa panguva imwe chete kune ese ari maviri Low-timu uye High-timu. Asi kune yekupedzisira, chikuva chinopa, paavhareji, mamwe masevhisi uye mamwe madhizaini ekugadzirisa kudzora kuburikidza nekodhi yepurogiramu. Uye zvikwata zvepuratifomu zvinonyanya kubatsira vagadziri vavo nezvikwata kushandisa chikuva, kugadzirisa matambudziko avo uye zviitiko zvine chekuita nepuratifomu kazhinji, uye kudzidzisa zvimwe zvikwata.

Infrastructure sekodhi

Zvinhu zvese zvakanaka chiyero pano. Isu takawana hukama pakati pe otomatiki yebasa reiyo kodhi yezvivakwa uye kuti ingani ruzivo rwakachengetwa mukati mezvivakwa repository. Iyo Yepamusoro mbiri inorayira chengetedza rumwe ruzivo mumatura: uku ndiko kumisikidzwa kwezvivakwa, CI / CD pombi, zvigadziriso zvenharaunda uye kuvaka paramita. Ivo vanochengeta ruzivo urwu kazhinji, vanoshanda zvirinani nekodhi yezvivakwa, uye otomatiki mamwe maitiro uye mabasa ekushanda nekodhi yezvivakwa.

Sezvineiwo, isu hatina kuona mutsauko wakakura mukuyedzwa kwezvivakwa. Ini ndinopa izvi kune chokwadi chekuti High profile zvikwata zvine yakawanda bvunzo otomatiki mune zvese. Zvimwe havafanirwe kutsauswa zvakasiyana nekuyedzwa kwezvivakwa, asi izvo zviyedzo zvavanotarisa nazvo zvikumbiro, uye nekutenda kwavari vanotoona kuti chii uye kupi kwavakatyora.

Kubatanidza uye Kuendesa

Chikamu chinofinha zvikuru, nekuti isu takasimbisa kuti iyo yakawanda otomatiki yaunayo, zvirinani unoshanda nekodhi, iwe unowedzera mukana wekuwana mhedzisiro iri nani.

akitekicha

Isu taida kuona kuti mamicroservices anokanganisa sei kuita. Muchokwadi, havadaro, sezvo kushandiswa kwe microservices hakuna kubatana nekuwedzera kwekuita zviratidzo. Microservices anoshandiswa kune ese ari maviri High profile mirairo uye Low profile mirairo.

Asi chakakosha ndechekuti kune High-timu, shanduko kuenda kune microservice architecture inovatendera kuti vazvimirire kuvandudza masevhisi avo uye kuburitsa. Kana iyo dhizaini ichibvumira vanogadzira kuita vakazvimirira, vasina kumirira mumwe munhu wekunze kuchikwata, saka uku ndiko kugona kwakakosha kwekuwedzera kukurumidza. Muchiitiko ichi, microservices inobatsira. Uye kungoitwa kwavo hakuna basa rakakura.

Takazviona sei zvese izvi?

Isu takanga tine hurongwa hwekuda kutevedzera zvizere nzira yeDORA, asi takashaya zvekushandisa. Kana DORA ikashandisa rutsigiro rwakawanda uye tsvakiridzo yavo inotora hafu yegore, takaita tsvakiridzo yedu munguva pfupi. Isu taida kuvaka DevOps modhi sezvinoita DORA, uye isu tichazviita mune ramangwana. Parizvino takangogumira pamepu dzekupisa:

Takatarisa kugoverwa kwemaitiro einjiniya pazvikwata zvese mune imwe neimwe mbiri uye takaona kuti High profile zvikwata, paavhareji, vangangoshandisa maitiro einjiniya. Iwe unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve izvi zvese mune yedu chirevo.

Kuti tishanduke, ngatichinje kubva kunhamba dzakaoma kuenda kune dzakapfava.

Chii chimwe chatakawana?

Tools

Isu tinoona kuti mizhinji yemirairo inoshandiswa neOS yemhuri yeLinux. Asi Windows ichiri kuitika - ingangoita chikamu chimwe muzvina chevakapindura vakacherechedza kushandiswa kweimwe kana imwe yeshanduro dzayo. Zvinoita sekuti musika une chinodiwa ichi. Naizvozvo, iwe unogona kukudziridza hunyanzvi uhu uye kuita mharidzo pamisangano.

Pakati pevaimbi, hachisi chakavanzika kune chero munhu, Kubernetes ari kutungamira (52%). Inotevera mumutsara orchestrator ndeye Docker Swarm (inenge gumi nemaviri%). Iwo anonyanya kufarirwa eCI masisitimu ndiJenkins uye GitLab. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa dhizaini manejimendi system ndeye Ansible, inoteverwa neanodiwa Shell yedu.

Amazon parizvino ndiyo inotungamira gore rinopa mupi. Chikamu chemakore eRussia chiri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Gore rinotevera zvichave zvinonakidza kuona kuti Russian cloud providers vachanzwa sei, kana chikamu chavo chemusika chichawedzera. Ivo, vanogona kushandiswa, uye izvo zvakanaka:

Ini ndinopfuudza pasi kuna Igor, uyo achapa mamwe manhamba.

Kuparadzira maitiro

Igor Kurochkin: Parutivi, takabvunza vakapindura kuti varatidze kuti maitiro einjiniya akagoverwa sei mukambani. Mumakambani mazhinji, kune nzira yakavhenganiswa, inosanganisira seti yakasiyana yemaitiro, uye mapurojekiti ekufambisa anofarirwa zvikuru. Isu takaonawo musiyano mudiki pakati peprofiles. Vamiriri veHigh Profile vanowanzo shandisa "Itiative kubva pazasi" pateni, apo zvikwata zvidiki zvenyanzvi zvinochinja maitiro ebasa, maturusi, uye kugovana maitiro akabudirira nezvimwe zvikwata. PaMedium, iyi idanho repamusoro-pasi rinobata kambani yese kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwenharaunda nenzvimbo dzehunyanzvi:

Agile uye DevOps

Mubvunzo wekubatana pakati peAgile neDevOps inowanzokurukurwa mumhizha. Nyaya iyi inosimudzwawo muState of Agile Report ye2019/2020, saka takasarudza kuenzanisa kuti mabasa eAgile neDevOps akabatana sei mumakambani. Takaona kuti DevOps isina Agile haiwanzo. Kwehafu yevakapindura, kupararira kweAgile kwakatanga kare, uye vanenge 20% vakacherechedza kutanga panguva imwe chete, uye chimwe chezviratidzo zveLow profile ichave kusavapo kweAgile uye DevOps maitiro:

Raira topology

Pakupera kwegore rapfuura, bhuku "Team topology”, iyo inopa hurongwa hwekutsanangura matopology emirairo. Yakava inofadza kwatiri kana inoshanda kumakambani eRussia. Uye takabvunza mubvunzo: "Ndeapi maitiro aunowana?".

Zvikwata zvezvivakwa zvinocherechedzwa muhafu yevakapindura, pamwe nemapoka akasiyana ekusimudzira, kuyedzwa uye kushanda. Separate DevOps zvikwata zvakacherekedza 45%, pakati peiyo vamiriri vePamusoro vanonyanya kuwanda. Inotevera inouya zvikwata-zvinoshanda zvikwata, izvo zvakare zvakajairika paPamusoro. Yakaparadzana SRE mirairo inoonekwa muPamusoro, Medium profiles uye haiwanzo kuoneka muLow profile:

DevQaOps ratio

Takaona mubvunzo uyu paFaceBook kubva kumutungamiri wechikwata cheSkyeng papuratifomu timu - aifarira chiyero chevagadziri, vaedzi uye maneja mumakambani. Takazvibvunza uye takatarisa mhinduro dzakabva pamaprofiles: Vamiriri vepamusoro vane bvunzo shoma uye mainjiniya ekushanda kune mumwe nemumwe mugadziri:

Zvirongwa zve2021

Muzvirongwa zvegore rinotevera, vakabvunzwa vakacherechedza zviitiko zvinotevera:

Pano iwe unogona kuona mharadzano nemusangano weDevOps Live 2020. Takanyatsoongorora chirongwa ichi:

• Infrastructure sechigadzirwa
• DevOps shanduko
• Kugoverwa kweDevOps maitiro
• DevSecOps
• Makirabhu enyaya uye nhaurirano

Asi nguva yemharidzo yedu haina kukwana kuvhara misoro yese. Kuseri kwezviitiko:

• Platform sevhisi uye sechigadzirwa;
• Infrastructure sekodhi, nharaunda uye makore;
• Kuenderera mberi Kubatanidzwa uye Kuendesa;
• Architecture;
• DevSecOps mapatani;
• Platform uye zvikwata zvinoshanda.

Chirevo isu tine a voluminous, makumi mashanu mapeji, uye iwe unogona kuzviona zvakadzama.

Summing up

Tinovimba kuti tsvakiridzo yedu neshumo zvichakukurudzira kuti uedze nzira itsva dzekusimudzira, kuyedza, nemashandiro, pamwe nekukubatsira kufamba, uzvienzanise nevamwe vatori vechikamu muchidzidzo, uye kuona nzvimbo dzaungagone kuvandudza maitiro ako.

Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo chekutanga chenyika yeDevOps muRussia:

• Key metrics. Takaona kuti makiyi metrics (nguva yekuendesa, nguva yekuendesa, nguva yekudzoreredza, uye kukundikana kwekuchinja) yakakodzera kuongorora kushanda kwebudiriro, kuyedza, uye maitiro ekushanda.
• Profiles High, Medium, Low. Zvichienderana nedata rakaunganidzwa, zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa mapoka akasiyana ePamusoro, Pakati, Pazasi ane akasiyana maficha maererano nemetrics, maitiro, maitiro uye maturusi. Vamiriri veHigh profile vanoratidza zvirinani mhedzisiro pane Low. Vanogona kuwana uye kudarika zvinangwa zvavo.
• Zviratidzo, denda uye zvirongwa zve2021. Chiratidzo chakakosha gore rino maitiro emakambani kubata nedenda. Vamiriri vePamusoro vakaita zvirinani, vakaziva kuwedzera kwevashandisi, uye zvikonzero zvikuru zvekubudirira zvaive maitiro ebudiriro uye tsika yakasimba yeinjiniya.
• DevOps maitiro, maturusi uye kukura kwavo. Zvirongwa zvikuru zvemakambani egore rinotevera zvinosanganisira kugadzirwa kweDevOps maitiro uye zvishandiso, kuiswa kweDevSecOps maitiro, uye shanduko muhurongwa hwesangano. Uye iyo inoshanda uye kusimudzira maitiro eDevOps kunoitwa nerubatsiro rwemapurojekiti ekufambisa, kuumbwa kwenharaunda nenzvimbo dzehunyanzvi, nhanho dzepamusoro uye dzakaderera dzekambani.

Tinoda kunzwa mhinduro yako, nyaya, mhinduro. Tinotenda munhu wese akapinda muchidzidzo ichi uye tinotarisira kupinda kwenyu gore rinouya.

Source: www.habr.com