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Kugadzira mufananidzo weUbuntu weARM "kubva pakatanga"

Kana budiriro ichangotanga, hazviwanzo kujeka kuti ndeapi mapakeji achaenda kune chinangwa rootfs.

Mune mamwe mazwi, kuchiri kutanga kubata LFS, buildroot kana yocto (kana chimwe chinhu), asi iwe unotofanira kutanga. Kune vapfumi (ndine 4GB eMMC pane pilot samples) kune nzira yekubuda yekugovera kune vanogadzira kugovera kunovabvumira kukurumidza kuendesa chimwe chinhu chiri kushaikwa parizvino, uye ipapo tinogona kugara tichiunganidza rondedzero yemapakeji uye kugadzira rondedzero ye the target rootfs.

Ichi chinyorwa hachisi chitsva uye chiri nyore kopi-namira rairo.

Chinangwa chechinyorwa ndechekuvaka Ubuntu midzi yemabhodhi eARM (munyaya yangu, yakavakirwa paColibri imx7d).

Kugadzira mufananidzo

Isu tinounganidza chinangwa chemidzi yekudzokorora.

Kusunungura Ubuntu Base

Isu tinosarudza kusunungurwa isu pachedu zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye zvatinoda isu pachedu. Apa ndapa 20.

$ mkdir ubuntu20
$ cd ubuntu20
$ mkdir rootfs
$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz
$ tar xf ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfs

Kutarisa BINFMT rutsigiro mu kernel

Kana iwe uine kugovera kwakafanana, saka kune rutsigiro rweBINFMT_MISC uye zvese zvakagadziriswa, kana zvisiri, saka ndine chokwadi chekuti unoziva kugonesa BINFMT rutsigiro mukernel.

Ita shuwa kuti BINFMT_MISC yakabatidzwa mukernel:

$ zcat /proc/config.gz | grep BINFMT
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y

Zvino unofanira kutarisa marongero:

$ ls /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
qemu-arm  register  status
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
enabled
interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-arm
flags: OC
offset 0
magic 7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff

Unogona kunyoresa nemaoko uchishandisa, semuenzaniso, heino mirairo iyi.

Kugadzika qemu static arm

Iye zvino isu tinoda yakasanganiswa qemu muenzaniso.

!!! ATTENTION!!!
Kana ukaronga kushandisa mudziyo kugadzira chimwe chinhu, tarisa:
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23960
https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1805913
Zvino kune x86_64 muenzi uye ruoko muenzi iwe unofanirwa kushandisa i386 vhezheni yeqemu:
http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_i386.deb

$ wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
$ alient -t qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
# ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π² rootfs ΠΈ имя исполняСмого Ρ„Π°ΠΉΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ с /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
$ mkdir qemu
$ tar xf qemu-user-static-5.0.tgz -C qemu
$ file qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
$ cp qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
$ file rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped

chroot

Chinyorwa chiri nyore:

ch-mount.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc proc
    sudo mount --rbind /sys sys
    sudo mount --make-rslave sys
    sudo mount --rbind /dev dev
    sudo mount --make-rslave dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts
    sudo chroot 
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount proc
    sudo umount sys
    sudo umount dev/pts
    sudo umount dev

}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : 
    echo 2nd parameter : 
fi

Tinoyemura mhedzisiro yacho:

$ ./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
# uname -a
Linux NShubin 5.5.9-gentoo-x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 16 14:34:52 MSK 2020 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux

Kungonakidzwa, ngatiyere saizi tisati uye mushure mekuisa iyo shoma (yangu) seti yemapakeji:

# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
63M     /

Ngatigadzirise:

# apt update
# apt upgrade --yes

Ngatiise mapakeji atiri kufarira:

# SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT=yes apt install --yes autoconf kmod socat ifupdown ethtool iputils-ping net-tools ssh g++ iproute2 dhcpcd5 incron ser2net udev systemd gcc minicom vim cmake make mtd-utils util-linux git strace gdb libiio-dev iiod

Kernel musoro mafaera uye mamodule inyaya yakaparadzana. Ehe, isu hatisi kuzoisa iyo bootloader, kernel, modules, mudziyo muti kuburikidza neUbuntu. Vachauya kwatiri kubva kunze kana isu tichavaunganidza isu isu kana ivo tichapihwa isu nemugadziri webhodhi, chero zvakadaro izvi zviri kunze kwechikamu chekuraira uku.

Kune imwe nhanho, kusiyana kweshanduro kunogamuchirwa, asi zviri nani kuvatora kubva kune kernel kuvaka.

# apt install --yes linux-headers-generic

Ngationei zvakaitika uye zvakazoitika zvakawanda:

# apt clean
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
770M    /

Usakanganwa kuseta password.

Kurongedza mufananidzo

$ sudo tar -C rootfs --transform "s|^./||" --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 -c ./ | tar --delete ./ | gzip > rootfs.tar.gz

Pamusoro pezvo, isu tinokwanisa kuisa etckeeper neiyo autopush kuseta

Zvakanaka, ngatiti isu takagovera gungano redu, basa rakatanga panzira yakanakisisa yekuunganidza gare gare shanduro dzakasiyana dzehurongwa hwedu.

etckeeper anogona kuuya kuzotibatsira.

Kuchengetedzeka inyaya yemunhu wega:

  • unogona kudzivirira mamwe matavi
  • gadzira kiyi yakasarudzika yemudziyo wega wega
  • disable force push
  • etc. ...
# ssh-keygen
# apt install etckeeper
# etckeeper init
# cd /etc
# git remote add origin ...

Ngatiisei autopush

Isu tinokwanisa, hongu, kugadzira matavi pachigadziro pachine nguva (ngatiti tinoita script kana sevhisi inozomhanya kekutanga payakatangwa).

# cat /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
PUSH_REMOTE="origin"

Kana kuti isu tinogona kuita chimwe chinhu chakangwara ...

Simbe nzira

Ngativei nerumwe rudzi rwe yakasarudzika identifier, ngatitii nhamba ye processor (zvakanaka, kana MAC - makambani akakomba anotenga huwandu):

kati / proc / cpuinfo

# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

Hardware        : Freescale i.MX7 Dual (Device Tree)
Revision        : 0000
Serial          : 06372509

Zvadaro tinogona kuishandisa kune zita rebazi ratinosundira kwariri:

# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:]
06372509

Ngatigadzire chinyorwa chiri nyore:

# cat /etc/etckeeper/commit.d/40myown-push
#!/bin/sh
set -e

if [ "$VCS" = git ] && [ -d .git ]; then
  branch=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:])
  cd /etc/
  git push origin master:${branch}
fi

Uye ndizvo zvese - mushure mechinguva tinogona kutarisa shanduko uye kugadzira runyoro rwemapakeji eiyo firmware inotangwa.

Zvinokurudzirwa zvinhu

BINFMT_MISC
Kernel Tsigiro yeakasiyana Binary Formats (binfmt_misc)
Kunyora neqemu mushandisi chroot
Kuvaka Ubuntu rootfs yeARM
Maitiro ekugadzira tsika Ubuntu rarama kubva kutanga
Crossdev qemu-static-user-chroot
etckeeper

getdents64 dambudziko

readdir() inodzosa NULL (errno=EOVERFLOW) ye32-bit mushandisi-static qemu pa64-bit host.
Ext4 64 bit hash breaks 32 bit glibc 2.28+
compiler_id_detection inotadza kubata armhf kana uchishandisa QEMU mushandisi-modhi yekutevedzera
CMake haishande zvakanaka pasi peqemu-ruoko

Source: www.habr.com