Saka ndiani akagadzira redhiyo: Guglielmo Marconi kana Alexander Popov?

Popov anogona kunge ari wekutanga - asi haana patent zvaakagadzira kana kuedza kuzvitengesa

Muna 1895, nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuRussia Alexander Popov akashandisa chiridzwa chake chekutinhira kuratidza kufambiswa kwemasaisai eredhiyo.

Ndiani akagadzira redhiyo? Mhinduro yako ingangoenderana nekwaunobva.

Musi waChivabvu 7, 1945, Bolshoi Theatre muMoscow yakanga yakazara nemasayendisiti nevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika veCommunist Party yeSoviet Union, vachipemberera kusvitsa makore makumi mashanu kwekuratidzira kweredhiyo kwekutanga. Alexander Popov. Uyu waive mukana wekukudza muvambi wepamba uye kuyedza kutamisa nhoroondo kubva pane zvakabudirira Guglielmo Marconi, uyo anozivikanwa munyika dzakawanda pasi rose semuvambi weredhiyo. Chivabvu 7 chakaziviswa muUSSR redhiyo masikati, iyo inopembererwa nanhasi muRussia.

Chirevo pamusoro pekukoshesa kwaPopov semuvambi weredhiyo kunobva pahurukuro yaakapa muna Chivabvu 7, 1895, "Pamusoro pehukama hwehupfu hwesimbi nemagetsi emagetsi" paSt. Petersburg University.

Alexander Popov akagadzira redhiyo yekutanga inokwanisa kutumira Morse code

Chishandiso chaPopov chaive nyore coherer ["Branly chubhu"] - furasiki yegirazi ine mafiling esimbi mukati, uye maelectrode maviri anowanikwa masendimita mashoma kubva kune mumwe anobuda. Mudziyo wacho wakanga wakavakirwa pabasa renyanzvi yefizikisi yechiFrench Edouard Branly, uyo akatsanangura chirongwa chakafanana muna 1890, uye pamabasa echiRungu physics Oliver Lodge, uyo akavandudza mudziyo muna 1893. Pakutanga, kushorwa kwema electrode kwakakwirira, asi kana simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa kwavari, nzira yemazuva ano ichaonekwa nekupikisa kuduku. Ikozvino ichayerera, asi ipapo zvinyorwa zvesimbi zvinotanga kukwira uye kushorwa kuchawedzera. Iyo coerer inoda kuzununguswa kana kubatwa nguva yega yega kuti iparadzire zvakare sawdust.

Maererano neCentral Museum of Communications inonzi A. S. Popov muSt. Petersburg, muchina waPopov ndiwo wakatanga kugamuchira redhiyo unokwanisa kuziva zviratidzo neurefu hwazvo. Akashandisa Lodge's coherer indicator uye akawedzera polarized telegraph relay, iyo yakashanda seyakananga ikozvino amplifier. Iyo relay yakabvumira Popov kuti abatanidze zvakabuda zveanogamuchira kubhero remagetsi, mudziyo wekurekodha, kana telegraph, uye kugamuchira mhinduro yemagetsi. Mufananidzo wechigadzirwa chakadaro chine bhero kubva muunganidzwa wemu museum unoratidzwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa. Mhinduro yacho yakadzosa mubatsiri kumamiriro ayo epakutanga. Pakarira bhero, muperekedzi akabva angobvunda.

Musi waKurume 24, 1896, Popov akaita imwe shanduko yekuratidzira yeruzhinji yechishandiso - panguva ino kuendesa ruzivo muMorse kodhi kuburikidza newireless telegraph. Uye zvakare, paSt. Petersburg University, pamusangano weRussian Physical and Chemical Society, Popov akatumira zviratidzo pakati pezvivako zviviri zviri 243 mamita kubva kune mumwe. Purofesa wacho akamira pabhodhi rechivako chechipiri, achinyora tsamba dzinogamuchirwa muMorse code. Mazwi akatevera aive: Heinrich Hertz.

Coherer-based maseketi sePopov akave hwaro hwekutanga-yechizvarwa redhiyo michina. Dzakaramba dzichishandiswa kusvika muna 1907, apo dzakatsiviwa nevagamuchiri maererano nekristani detectors.

Popov naMarconi vakaenda neredhiyo zvakasiyana zvachose

Popov aiva akararama Marconi, asi vakagadzira midziyo yavo vakazvimiririra, pasina kuziva mumwe nomumwe. Kunyatsoona hukuru kwakaoma nekuda kwezvinyorwa zvisina kukwana zvezviitiko, tsananguro ine gakava rezvinoumba redhiyo, uye kudada kwenyika.

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvinoita kuti Marconi afarirwe mune dzimwe nyika ndechekuti ainyanya kuziva kuoma kwezvinhu zvehungwaru. Imwe yedzakanakisa nzira dzekuchengetedza nzvimbo yako munhoroondo kunyoresa patent uye kushambadza zvawakawana nenguva. Popov haana kuita izvi. Haana kunyorera patent yemuchina wake wemheni, uye hapana rekodhi yepamutemo yekuratidzira kwake kwaKurume 24, 1896 iripo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akasiya kugadzirwa kweredhiyo ndokutora maX-ray achangobva kuwanikwa.

Marconi akanyorera patent kuBritain musi wa2 June 1896, uye yakava yekutanga kushandiswa mundima yeradiotelegraphy. Akakurumidza kuunganidza mari inodiwa kuti atengese hurongwa hwake, akagadzira bhizinesi rakakura reindasitiri, uye saka anoonekwa semuvambi weredhiyo munyika dzakawanda dziri kunze kweRussia.

Kunyangwe zvazvo Popov asina kuedza kutengeserana neredhiyo nechinangwa chekutumira mameseji, akaona mukana wayo wekushandisa mukurekodha kuvhiringika kwemuchadenga - senge detector yemheni. Muna July 1895, akaisa detector yekutanga yemheni pane meteorological observatory yeForestry Institute muSt. Yaikwanisa kuona mabhanan'ana ari chinhambwe chinosvika makiromita makumi mashanu. Gore rakatevera akaisa detector yechipiri paAll-Russian Manufacturing Exhibition, yakaitirwa muNizhny Novgorod, 50 km kubva kuMoscow.

Makore mashoma mushure meizvi, kambani yewachi yeHoser Victor muBudapest yakatanga kugadzira ma detectors emheni zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo aPopov.

Chigadzirwa chaPopov chakasvika kuSouth Africa

Imwe yemotokari dzake yakatosvika kuSouth Africa, ichifamba makiromita 13 000. Nhasi iri kuratidzwa mumuseum South African Institute of Electrical Engineers (SAIE) muJohannesburg.

Mamiziyamu haagare achinyatsoziva nhoroondo yezviratidziro zvavo. Mabviro emidziyo yakasakara inonyanya kunetsa kutsvaga. Marekodhi emumuseum haana kukwana, vashandi vanochinja kazhinji, uye semhedzisiro, sangano rinogona kurasikirwa nechinhu uye kukosha kwayo kwenhoroondo.

Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakaitika kune detector yePopov muSouth Africa dai zvisiri zveziso rakanaka raDerk Vermeulen, injiniya wemagetsi uye nhengo yenguva refu yeSAIEE's history buff group. Kwemakore akawanda, Vermeulen aitenda kuti chiratidziro ichi chaive chekare chakarekodhwa ammeter inoshandiswa kuyera ikozvino. Zvisinei, rimwe zuva akasarudza kudzidza chiratidziro chacho zviri nani. Akaona nekufara kwake kuti ingangove chinhu chekare muunganidzwa weSAIEE, uye chiridzwa chega chakasara kubva kuJohannesburg Meteorological Station.

Popov's mheni detector kubva kuJohannesburg Meteorological Station, inoratidzwa paSouth African Institute of Electrical Engineers museum.

Muna 1903, hurumende yekoloni yakaraira muchina wePopov, pakati pezvimwe midziyo yaidiwa pachiteshi chakanga chichangobva kuvhurwa chiri pachikomo chiri kumuganhu wekumabvazuva kweguta. Dhizaini yeiyi detector inopindirana neyekutanga dhizaini yaPopov, kunze kwekuti iyo trembler, iyo yakazunungusa sawdust, yakabvisawo chinyoreso chekurekodha. Pepa rekurekodha rakanga rakaputirwa nedhiramu realuminium raitenderera kamwe paawa. Nekuchinja kwega kwega kwedhiramu, screw yakaparadzana yakashandura canvas ne 2 mm, semhedzisiro iyo michina yaigona kurekodha zviitiko kwemazuva akati wandei akateedzana.

Vermeulen akatsanangura zvaakawana yeDecember 2000 chinyorwa cheProceedings yeIEEE. Akatisiya neshungu gore rakapera, asi mumwe wake Max Clark akakwanisa kutitumira mufananidzo wemudziyo wekuSouth Africa. Vermeulen akashingairira kuita mushandirapamwe wekugadzira museum wekuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakachengetwa paSAIEE, uye akazadzisa chinangwa chake muna 2014. Zvinoita sezvakanaka, mune chinyorwa chakatsaurirwa kune mapiyona ekutaurirana neredhiyo, kuona kunaka kweVermeulen uye kuyeuka redhiyo wave detector yaakawana.

Source: www.habr.com