Nekuuya kwechizvarwa chechinomwe Intel Core processors, zvakava pachena kune vazhinji kuti zano re "Tick-tock" iro Intel yanga ichitevera nguva yese iyi rakanga ratadza. Chipikirwa chekudzikisa tekinoroji kubva ku14 kusvika ku10 nm yakaramba iri chivimbiso, nguva yakareba ye "Taka" Skylake yakatanga, panguva iyo Kaby Lake (chizvarwa chechinomwe), kamwe kamwe Coffee Lake (yechisere) yakaitika nekuchinja kudiki kwehunyanzvi hwekuita. kubva ku14 nm kusvika ku14 nm + uye kunyange Coffee Lake Refresh (yepfumbamwe). Zvinoita senge Intel ainyatsoda kapu yekofi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, isu tine akati wandei processors ezvizvarwa zvakasiyana, ayo akavakirwa pane imwechete Skylake microarchitecture, kune rumwe rutivi. Uye kuvimbiswa kweIntel kuti processor yega yega iri nani pane yapfuura, pane imwe. Chokwadi, hazvina kunyatsojeka kuti sei chaizvo ...
Saka ngatidzokere kuzvizvarwa zvedu. Uye ngationei kuti akasiyana sei.
Kaby Lake
Kuonekwa kwema processors mukutengesa kwakaitika pakutanga kwe2017. Chii chitsva mumhuri iyi maererano neakatangira? Chokutanga pane zvose, iyi ndiyo itsva graphics core - Intel UHD 630. Kuwedzera kutsigirwa kweIntel Optane memory teknolojia (3D Xpoint), pamwe chete netsva 200 series chipset (chizvarwa chechitanhatu chakashanda ne6 series). Uye ndizvo zvese zvezvitsva zvinonakidza.
Coffee Lake
Chizvarwa chechisere, codenamed Coffee Lake, yakaburitswa mukupera kwa8. Muma processors echizvarwa chino, macores uye chikamu chechitatu-level cache akawedzerwa, Turbo Boost yakasimudzwa ne2017 megahertz, rutsigiro rweDDR200-4 rwakawedzerwa (kare kwaive neDDR2666-4), asi rutsigiro rweDDR2400 rwakagurwa. Iyo yepakati yemifananidzo yakaramba yakafanana, asi yakapihwa 3 MHz. Pakuwedzera kwese kwemafrequency taifanira kubhadhara nekuwedzera kupisa pasuru kusvika ku50 watts. Uye, hongu, iyo nyowani mazana matatu akateedzana chipset. Iyo yekupedzisira yakanga isingatombokodzeri, sezvo munguva pfupi nyanzvi dzakakwana dzakakwanisa kuburitsa mhuri iyi pa95-series chipsets, kunyangwe vamiriri veIntel vakati izvi zvaisaita nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemagetsi maseketi. Gare gare, zvakadaro, Intel akabvuma zviri pamutemo kuti zvaive zvisirizvo. Saka chii chitsva mumhuri yechi300? Muchokwadi, inotaridzika zvakanyanya seyenguva dzose yekuzorodza pamwe nekuwedzera kwemacores uye frequency.
Kofi Lake Refresh
Ha! Heino yekuvandudza isu! Muchikamu chechina chegore ra2018, 9th chizvarwa cheKofi Lake processors dzakaburitswa, dzakashongedzerwa dziviriro yehardware kubva kune imwe Meltdown/Specter vulnerabilities. Hardware shanduko dzakaitwa kumachipi matsva anodzivirira kubva kuMeltdown V3 uye L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF Foreshadow). Software uye microcode shanduko inodzivirira kubva kuSpecter V2, Meltdown V3a uye V4 kurwiswa. Dziviriro kubva kuSpecter V1 icharamba ichiiswa zvigamba padanho rekushandisa system. Kuunzwa kwechip-level zvigamba kunofanirwa kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwesoftware zvigamba pane processor kuita. Asi Intel yakashandisa mufaro uyu wese nedziviriro chete muma processors echikamu chemusika mukuru: i5-9600k, i7-9700k, i9-9900k. Wese munhu wese, kusanganisira sevha mhinduro, haana kugamuchira kuchengetedzwa kwehardware. Kekutanga munhoroondo yeIntel vatengi processors, Kofi Lake Refresh processors inotsigira kusvika ku128 GB ye RAM. Uye ndizvozvo, hapasisina shanduko.
Chii chatinacho muchikamu chekupedzisira? Makore maviri ekuzorodza, kutamba nemacores uye mafrequency, pamwe neti yekuvandudza kudiki. Ini ndaida chaizvo kuongorora uye kuenzanisa kuita kwevamiriri vakuru vemhuri idzi. Saka pandakanga ndiine seti yechizvarwa chechinomwe kusvika chepfumbamwe paruoko - yedu i7-7700 uye i7-7700k ichangobva kubatanidzwa neiyo nyowani i7-8700, i7-9700k uye i9-9900k, ndakatora mukana weiyo mamiriro uye akaita mashanu akasiyana. Intel Core processors inoratidza zvavanokwanisa.
Kuedza
Vashanu Intel processors vanobatanidzwa mukuedza: i7-7700, i7-7700k, i7-8700, i7-9700k, i9-9900k.
Performance maitiro emapuratifomu
Intel i7-8700, i7-9700k uye i9-9900k processors vane imwecheteyo yekutanga gadziriro:
- Motherboard: Asus PRIME H310T (BIOS 1405),
- RAM: 16 GB DDR4-2400 MT/s Kingston 2 zvidimbu, yakazara 32 GB.
- SSD drive: 240 GB Patriot Burst 2 zvidimbu muRAID 1 (tsika yakagadziridzwa mumakore).
Intel i7-7700 uye i7-7700k processors zvakare inomhanya pachikuva chimwe chete:
- Motherboard: Asus H110T (BIOS 3805),
- RAM: 8 GB DDR4-2400MT/s Kingston 2 zvidimbu, yakazara 16 GB.
- SSD drive: 240 GB Patriot Burst 2 zvidimbu muRAID 1.
Isu tinoshandisa chassis yakagadzirwa netsika iyo yakareba 1,5 mayuniti. Vanogara mapuratifomu mana.
Software chikamu: OS CentOS Linux 7 x86_64 (7.6.1810).
Π―Π΄ΡΠΎ: 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64
Yakagadzirwa optimizations maererano neyakajairwa kuisirwa: yakawedzera sarudzo dzekutangisa kernel elevator=noop selinux=0.
Kuyedzwa kunoitwa nezvigamba zvese kubva kuSpecter, Meltdown uye Foreshadow kurwisa kwakadzoserwa kune iyi kernel. Zvinogoneka kuti mhedzisiro yebvunzo pane nyowani uye yazvino Linux kernels inogona kusiyana kubva kune yakawanikwa, uye mhedzisiro ichava nani. Asi, chekutanga, ini pachangu ndinofarira CentOS 7, uye, chechipiri, RedHat iri kushingaira kudzorera hutsva hune hukama nerutsigiro rwehardware kubva kunyowani kuLTS yayo. Ndizvo zvandinotarisira :)
Miedzo inoshandiswa pakutsvaga
- Syssbench
- Geekbench
- Phoronix Bvunzo Suite
Sysbench bvunzo
Sysbench ipakiti yebvunzo (kana mabhenji) yekuongorora mashandiro eakasiyana makomputa subsystems: processor, RAM, kuchengetedza data. Muedzo wacho une-multi-threaded, pamacores ese. Mumuedzo uyu ndakayera zviratidzo zviviri:
- CPU kumhanya zviitiko pasekondi - nhamba yekushanda kunoitwa ne processor pasekondi: iyo yakakwirira kukosha, iyo inowedzera kugadzira sisitimu.
- General manhamba huwandu hwezviitiko - huwandu hwezviitiko zvakapedzwa. Iyo yakakwirira nhamba, zviri nani.
Geekbench bvunzo
Pakeji yebvunzo inoitwa mune imwe-yakapetwa uye yakawanda-yakapetwa modhi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, imwe index performance index inopihwa kune ese mamodhi. Pazasi pane zvinongedzo kumhinduro dzebvunzo. Mumuedzo uyu tichatarisa zviratidzo zviviri zvikuru:
- Single-Core Score - bvunzo dzine tambo imwe chete.
- Multi-Core Score - yakawanda-shinda bvunzo.
Zviyero zvekuyera: abstract "parrots". Iyo yakawanda "parrots", zviri nani.
Phoronix Test Suite
Phoronix Test Suite yakapfuma kwazvo seti yebvunzo. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti bvunzo dzese kubva kupts/cpu package dzakaitwa, ini ndicharatidza mhedzisiro yeavo chete ini pachangu ndakawana inonyanya kunakidza, kunyanya sezvo mhedzisiro yebvunzo yakasiiwa inongosimbisa iyo general maitiro.
Anenge ese bvunzo anoratidzwa pano ane akawanda-shinda. Izvo chete zvinosarudzika zviri zviviri zvacho: single-threaded bvunzo Himeno uye LAME MP3 Encoding.
Mune miedzo iyi, iyo yakakwira nhamba, zviri nani.
- John the Ripper multi-threaded password yekufungidzira bvunzo. Ngatitorei Blowfish crypto algorithm. Inoyera nhamba yekushanda pasekondi.
- Iyo Himeno bvunzo ndeye mutsara Poisson pressure solver uchishandisa Jacobi point nzira.
- 7-Zip Compression - 7-Zip bvunzo uchishandisa p7zip ine yakabatanidzwa yekuyedza maitiro.
- OpenSSL seti yezvishandiso zvinoshandisa iyo SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) uye TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol. Inoyera mashandiro eRSA 4096-bit OpenSSL.
- Apache Benchmark - Iyo bvunzo inoyera kuti zvingani zvikumbiro pasekondi yakapihwa system inogona kubata kana ichiita zviuru zvikumbiro, nezana zvikumbiro zvinomhanya panguva imwe chete.
Uye mune izvi, kana zvishoma zviri nani
- C-Ray inoedza CPU kuita pane inoyangarara nzvimbo kuverenga. Muedzo uyu une tambo dzakawanda (16 shinda pamusimboti), ichapfura mirayiro masere kubva kune yega pixel yeanti-aliasing uye kugadzira mufananidzo we8x1600. Nguva yekuita bvunzo inoyerwa.
- Parallel BZIP2 Compression - Muedzo unoyera nguva inodiwa kudzvanya faira (Linux kernel source code .tar package) uchishandisa BZIP2 compression.
- Encoding yeodhiyo uye vhidhiyo data. Iyo LAME MP3 Encoding bvunzo inomhanya mune imwechete shinda, nepo iyo ffmpeg x264 bvunzo inomhanya yakawanda-shinda. Nguva inotorwa kupedza bvunzo inoyerwa.
Sezvauri kuona, iyo yekuyedza suite ine yakanyatsogadzirwa bvunzo iyo inokutendera iwe kuratidza mutsauko pakati pema processor paunenge uchiita mamwe mabasa, semuenzaniso, kudzvanya mapassword, encoding midhiya zvemukati, cryptography.
Muedzo wekugadzira, mukusiyana nemuedzo unoitwa pasi pemamiriro ari pedyo nechokwadi, unokwanisa kuve nechokwadi chekuchena kwekuedza. Chaizvoizvo, ndosaka sarudzo yakawira pane synthetics.
Zvinogoneka kuti kana uchigadzirisa mamwe matambudziko mumamiriro ekurwa iwe unokwanisa kuwana zvinonakidza uye zvisingatarisirwi mhedzisiro, asi zvakadaro "tembiricha yechipatara" ichave padhuze nepaunogona napo pane zvandakawana kubva mumhedzisiro yebvunzo. Zvinogoneka zvakare kuti kana ndikadzima Specter/Meltdown dziviriro pandinenge ndichiyedza 9th chizvarwa processors, ndinogona kuwana zvirinani. Asi, ndichitarira mberi, ndichataura kuti vakatozviratidza kuva vakanaka kwazvo.
Spoiler: cores, shinda uye ma frequency achatonga roost.
Kunyangwe ndisati ndayedzwa, ndakanyatso ongorora mavakirwo emhuri idzi processor, saka ndaitarisira kuti hapazove nemusiyano wakakura pakati pezvidzidzo zvekuedzwa. Zvakare, hazvina kunyanya kukosha sezvinoshamisa: sei uchimirira zvinofadza zviratidzo mubvunzo kana iwe ukaita zviyero pama processors akavakwa, muchidimbu, pane imwechete musimboti. Zvandaitarisira zvakazadzikiswa, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvakaramba zvisina kunyatsoita sezvandaifunga ...
Uye zvino, chaizvo, mhinduro dzebvunzo.
Mhedzisiro yacho ine musoro: ani nani ane hova dzakawanda uye yakakwirira frequency anowana mapoinzi. Saizvozvo, iyo i7-8700 uye i9-9900k iri mberi. Mukana uri pakati pe i7-7700 uye i7-7700k ndeye 10% mune imwechete-shinda uye yakawanda-tambo bvunzo. I7-7700 inosara shure kwe7-8700 ne38% uye kubva ku9-9900k ne49%, kureva, kanenge ka2, asi panguva imwe chete iyo yakasara shure kwei7-9700k inongova 15%.
Manongedzo kune mhinduro dzebvunzo:
Miedzo mhinduro kubva kuThe Phoronix Test Suite
Muyedzo yeJohn The Ripper, musiyano pakati pehama mapatya i7-7700 uye i7-7700k ndeye 10% mukufarira "k", nekuda kwekusiyana kweTurboboost. Iwo i7-8700 uye i7-9700k processors ane mutsauko mudiki. Iyo i9-9900k inokunda munhu wese ane tambo dzakawanda uye kumhanya kwewachi yepamusoro. Inenge kaviri nhamba yemapatya.
Mhedzisiro yeC-Ray bvunzo inoita kwandiri inonakidza kwazvo. Kuvapo kweHyper-Treading tekinoroji mui9-9900k mune iyi yakawanda-tambo bvunzo inopa chete kuwedzera kudiki kune i7-9700k. Asi mapatya anga asara kanenge ka2 kumashure kwemutungamiri.
Muyedzo yeHimeno ine tambo imwe chete, mutsauko hauna kunyanya. Pane musiyano unoonekwa pakati pe8th uye 9th zvizvarwa kubva kumapatya: iyo i9-9900k inovapfuura ne18% uye 15%, zvichiteerana. Musiyano uripo pakati pei7-8700 uye i7-9700k ndiyo nhanho yekukanganisa.
Iwo mapatya anopfuura 7zip compression bvunzo 44-48% yakaipisisa kupfuura mutungamiri i9-9900k. Nekuda kwenhamba yepamusoro yeshinda, i7-8700 inokunda i7-9700k ne9%. Asi izvi hazvina kukwana kupfuudza iyo i9-9900k, saka tinoona lag ingangoita 18%.
Iyo yekumanikidza nguva bvunzo uchishandisa iyo BZIP2 algorithm inoratidza zvakafanana mhedzisiro: hova dzinokunda.
MP3 encoding i "manera" ane muganho mukuru we19,5%. Asi mumuedzo weffmpeg, i9-9900k inorasikirwa ne7-8700 uye i7-9700k, asi inorova mapatya. Ndakadzokorora bvunzo iyi kakawanda kune i9-9900k, asi mhedzisiro inogara yakafanana. Izvi zvatove zvisingatarisirwi :) Mumuedzo we-multi-threaded, iyo yakawanda-yakaomeswa yevagadziri vakaedzwa yakaratidza mugumisiro wakaderera wakadaro, wakaderera pane we9700k uye 8700. Hapana tsanangudzo dzakajeka dzechiitiko ichi, uye ini handi. handidi kuita fungidziro.
Iyo openssl bvunzo inoratidza "manera" ane gap pakati pechipiri nechitatu rung. Musiyano pakati pemapatya uye mutungamiri i9-9900k unobva ku42% kusvika 47%. Mukana uri pakati pei7-8700 uye i9-9900k i14%. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuyerera uye mafambiro.
Muyedzo yeApache, iyo i7-9700k yakapfuura munhu wese, kusanganisira i9-9900k (6%). Asi kazhinji, mutsauko hauna kukosha, kunyange zvazvo pane 7% gap pakati pemigumisiro yakaipisisa ye7700-7 uye yakanakisisa yei9700-24k.
Kazhinji, i9-9900k ndiye mutungamiri mune dzakawanda miedzo, achikundikana chete muffmpeg. Kana iwe uchizoshanda nevhidhiyo, zviri nani kutora i7-9700k kana i7-8700. Panzvimbo yechipiri mukumira kwese i7-9700k, zvishoma kuseri kwemutungamiri, uye kunyangwe kumberi muffmpeg uye apache bvunzo. Saka ini ndinoikurudzira nechivimbo iyo uye i9-9900k kune avo vanogara vachisangana nekuwanda kwevashandisi pasaiti. Maprosesa haafaniri kukundikana. Ndakatotaura nezve video.
Iyo i7-8700 inoita zvakanaka muSysbench, 7zip uye ffmpeg bvunzo.
Mumiyedzo yese, i7-7700k iri nani pane iyo i7-7700 kubva pa2% kusvika 14%, muffmpeg bvunzo 16%.
Rega ndikuyeuchidze kuti ini handina kuita chero zvigadziriso kunze kweizvo zvakaratidzwa pakutanga, zvinoreva kuti kana iwe ukaisa yakachena sisitimu paDedik yauchangobva kutenga kubva kwatiri, iwe unowana chaiwo iwo mhedzisiro.
Cores, tambo, ma frequency - zvese zvedu
Kazhinji, migumisiro yaifanotaurwa uye yaitarisirwa. Muchinenge bvunzo dzese, "matanho ekuenda kudenga" anooneka, achiratidza kutsamira kwekuita pahuwandu hwemacores, shinda uye ma frequency: zvimwe izvi, zvirinani mhedzisiro.
Sezvo zvese zvidzidzo zvekuyedzwa zvakanyanya kuzorodza kweiyo imwechete musimboti pakuita kwakafanana kwekugadzira uye isina misiyano yakakosha yekuvaka, hatina kukwanisa kuwana humbowo "hunokatyamadza" hwekuti ma processor akasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.
Musiyano uripo pakati pei7-9700k uye i9-9900k processors mune ese bvunzo kunze kweSysbench inorerekera kune zero, sezvo chaizvo ivo vanosiyana chete pamberi peHyper-Threading tekinoroji uye zana yekuwedzera megahertz muTurbo Boost modhi yei9-9900k. Muyedzo yeSysbench inongopesana: haisi iyo nhamba yemacores inosarudza, asi nhamba yeshinda.
Pane gaka rakakura kwazvo mumiyedzo yakawanda-yakapetwa pakati pei7-7700 (k) uye i9-9900k, mune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakapetwa kaviri. Pane zvakare musiyano pakati peiyo i7-7700 uye i7-7700k - iyo yekuwedzera 300 MHz inowedzera agility kune yekupedzisira.
Ini zvakare handisi kutaura nezve hunhu hwekuita kwecache memory saizi pane bvunzo mhinduro - isu tine zvatinazvo. Zvakare, iyo inogoneswa kuchengetedzwa kweSpecter/Meltdown mhuri inofanirwa kudzikisa zvakanyanya kukanganiswa kwevhoriyamu yayo pamhedzisiro yebvunzo, asi izvi hazvina chokwadi. Kana muverengi anodiwa achida "chingwa nemasekisi" kubva kudhipatimendi redu rekushambadzira, ini ndichafara kukupomba iwe kuyedza nechengetedzo yakaremara.
Chaizvoizvo, kana iwe ukandibvunza: ndeipi processor yaungasarudza? β Ndaitanga ndaverenga mari iri muhomwe ndosarudza inokwana. Muchidimbu, iwe unogona kubva pane imwe nzvimbo A kusvika kune B muZhiguli, asi muMercedes ichiri kukurumidza uye inofadza. Ma processor akavakirwa pane imwechete dhizaini achaita, imwe nzira kana imwe, kurarama nemhando imwechete yemabasa - mamwe zvakanaka, uye mamwe akanakisa. Hongu, sezvakaratidzwa nekuedza, hapana misiyano yepasi rose pakati pavo. Asi gaka riri pakati peI7 neI9 harina kupera.
Paunenge uchisarudza processor yemamwe chaiwo, akanyanya hunyanzvi mabasa, sekushanda ne mp3, kuunganidza kubva kune masosi, kana kupa matatu-dimensional zviratidziro nekugadziriswa kwechiedza, zvine musoro kutarisa pakuita kwebvunzo dzinoenderana. Semuenzaniso, vagadziri vanogona kutarisa pakarepo i7-9700k uye i9-9900k, uye pakuverenga kwakaoma tora purosesa neHyper-Threading teknolojia, kureva, chero purogiramu kunze kwe7-9700k. Nzizi dzinotonga pano.
Saka ndinokupa zano kuti usarudze zvaunogona kutenga, uchifunga nezve zvakatemwa, uye iwe uchafara.
Kuyedzwa kwakashandisa maseva kubva pai7-7700, i7-7700k, i7-8700k, i7-9700k uye i9-9900k processors ine. . Chero ipi zvayo inogona kuodha ne5% kuderedzwa kwemwedzi mitatu - kuonana ine kodhi yeshoko "Ndinobva kuna Habr." Kana uchibhadhara gore negore, bvisa imwe 10%.
Manheru ese munhandare , maneja wehurongwa FirstDEDIC
Source: www.habr.com